Preprint List
API Endpoint for preprints.
GET /api/preprints/?format=api&offset=6700
{ "count": 6751, "next": null, "previous": "https://eartharxiv.org/api/preprints/?format=api&limit=100&offset=6600", "results": [ { "pk": 12018, "title": "On the seasonal predictability of the 2020 North Atlantic tropical cyclone season", "abstract": "<p>The 2020 Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) season was exceptionally active, producing over twenty named storms, yet several seasonal forecasts failed to predict such extreme activity across their ensemble spread. Even when forced with the observed 2020 sea surface temperatures (SSTs), physics-based models simulated only a moderately active season across their ensemble members. Using observations and statistical, dynamical, and deep learning (DL) models, we evaluate several hypothesis regarding why the observed hyperactive outcome fell outside the ensemble range of the physics-based models forced with observed SSTs. Analysis of observed large-scale conditions indicates that 2020 did not exhibit favorable predictors of hyperactivity, indicating that the moderate activity in the models should not be unexpected. We also find support for a role in subseasonal atmospheric variability in enhancing the 2020 activity relative to predictions based on monthly and seasonal characteristics. To comprehensively characterize the range of outcomes for the 2020 season, we construct a 1,000-member ensemble using an DL emulator forced with observed SSTs. The observed hyperactivity corresponds to a 0.5 percent event within this ensemble. Although highly unlikely in any single year, such an outcome has roughly a 20 percent chance of occurring at least once in a 45-year period. Taken together, our findings support the interpretation that 2020 represents an unlikely but possible outcome, potentially enhanced by subseasonal atmospheric variability, given current understanding, models, and observations. These results serve to remind us that rare events will occur in a chaotic climate system, and large ensembles are one approach to sample them.</p>", "license": { "name": "No Creative Commons license", "short_name": "No CC license", "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.", "url": "https://escholarship.org" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Tropical cyclones" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-03T14:18:13.275659-05:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-04T08:07:13.607252-05:00", "date_published": "2026-03-04T08:07:00-05:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5CN1R", "authors": [ { "pk": 125724, "first_name": "Emma", "middle_name": "Lilly", "last_name": "Levin", "salutation": "Miss", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 107497, "first_name": "Mu-Ting", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chien", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0009-0002-7642-3731" }, { "pk": 132193, "first_name": "Elizabeth", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Barnes", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 132202, "first_name": "Haozhe", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "He", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6390, "first_name": "Gabriel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vecchi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4193, "first_name": "Wenchang", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yang", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0003-0053-9527" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Levin_2020report_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12018/download/21561/" }, { "original_filename": "Levin_2020report_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12018/download/21573/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12015, "title": "Automated Levee Detection in Digital Elevation Models", "abstract": "Current flood risk models applied at national and global scales do not---or only partially---take levees into account, resulting in inaccurate flood inundation maps.\nWhile levees are important assets in natural hazard risk assessments, accurate information in the public domain about the location and height of these embankments is often missing.\nRemote sensing data---such as global digital elevation models (DEMs)---contain this information, in theory.\nHowever, their low resolution and vertical biases (caused by the canopy and infrastructure) complicate the extraction of levees.\nWe present a new DEM processing method to identify and extract levees from any high-resolution DEM as continuous features, including related attributes such as the protected area and volume.\nAs a test case, we use CopernicusDEM GLO-30 and local DEMs.\nValidation against reference data from the United States and the Netherlands yields a recall of up to 88% on a local DEM and up to 51% when applied to the 30 m resolution global DSM.\nThe method also identifies other water-retaining barriers such as undocumented dams.\nIncorporating levees derived from these methods into flood risk models should enable practitioners to construct more accurate (coastal) flood inundation maps on national and global scales.\n", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "embankment" }, { "word": "levee" }, { "word": "CopernicusDEM" }, { "word": "mathematical morphology" }, { "word": "terrain processing" }, { "word": "flood risk" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-03T12:32:47.888357-05:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-04T08:10:20.684429-05:00", "date_published": "2026-03-04T08:10:00-05:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X57X8X", "authors": [ { "pk": 132195, "first_name": "Maarten", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pronk", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 132194, "first_name": "Matthijs", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gawehn", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 26866, "first_name": "Marieke", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Eleveld", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 26867, "first_name": "Hugo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ledoux", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Geomorphology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "main.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12015/download/21558/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12027, "title": "High-resolution interactive global flood forecast for past, present, and future", "abstract": "Globally operating modelling approaches for flood dynamics have shown significant increases in usage, quality and availability in recent years. Flood modelling at global scale stretches the computational demand, due to combinations of spatial scale and resolution, limiting to static pre-computed maps and prohibiting interactivity. Particular high-resolution global models are only available as static information layers, whereas dynamic models operate at lower resolution to address operational shortcomings. In this article, a novel system is described that links a state-of-the-art efficient flood modelling core with an automated global parameterization scheme based on global, bias-corrected and space-based datasets. This combined approach delivers a first-generation, zero configuration flood modelling system capable of producing high-resolution, interactive flood maps. It supports a highly efficient global early warning system for both flash and fluvial floods and enables the generation of historic flood map time series for any location worldwide. The utilized event-based simulation approach has some limitations in applicability to continuous modelling, the system shows major speed increases at near-identical accuracy with global availability.", "license": { "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Flood" }, { "word": "Climate" }, { "word": "Hazard" }, { "word": "Risk" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-04T09:22:13.985747-05:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-04T11:27:46.272657-05:00", "date_published": "2026-03-04T11:27:00-05:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X50F5S", "authors": [ { "pk": 21159, "first_name": "Bastian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Van den Bout", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 132271, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Meijvogel", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 132272, "first_name": "Katherine", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "van Roon", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 132273, "first_name": "Faheed", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kolaparambil", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Engineering" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "ff_global.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12027/download/21574/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12016, "title": "Hydrological modeling in a highly urbanized watershed using explainable machine learning and sub-hourly data: A case study in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil", "abstract": "<p>Hydrological modeling of urbanized watersheds is a highly challenging task due to the complexity and non-linearity of the rainfall-runoff relationship in these areas. Many data-driven models have been proposed in the literature to address this problem. However, in this field, there is a need not only for performance but also for explainability and comprehension of the impacts of hydrometeorological factors. This study proposes a detailed comparative analysis between ensemble machine learning models using an explainable framework. We explore feature engineering and feature selection techniques to determine the best set of predictors in a situation of non-continuous data, a common problem in real-world scenarios. Among the models analysed, CatBoost stood out as the best-performing algorithm for most cases, and, in general, all the ensemble algorithms achieved good performance for a forecasting horizon up to 3 hours. A study with SHAP values revealed insightful aspects of the spatial and temporal dynamics of the rainfall-runoff relationship.</p>", "license": { "name": "No Creative Commons license", "short_name": "No CC license", "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.", "url": "https://escholarship.org" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2026-03-03T12:57:14.773871-05:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-04T15:56:27.511968-05:00", "date_published": "2026-03-04T15:56:00-05:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5GF54", "authors": [ { "pk": 56319, "first_name": "Fernando", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Saraiva-Filho", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 56312, "first_name": "Elton", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Escobar-Silva", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 132196, "first_name": "Marcos", "middle_name": "G.", "last_name": "Quiles", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 132197, "first_name": "Diego", "middle_name": "H.", "last_name": "Stalder", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 132198, "first_name": "Leonardo", "middle_name": "B. L.", "last_name": "Santos", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Engineering" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "_versao_Letter__Paper_XAI_Fernando_UNIFESP.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12016/download/21559/" }, { "original_filename": "_versao_Letter__Paper_XAI_Fernando_UNIFESP.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12016/download/21591/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 10539, "title": "fasterRaster: GIS in R using GRASS for large rasters and vectors", "abstract": "<p><span style='font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;'>Within the <em>R</em> ecosystem, packages like <em>terra</em> and <em>sf</em> are the go-to solutions for most geospatial analyses, yet can struggle with large rasters and vectors. The<em> Geographic Resources Analysis Support System</em>, or <em>GRASS</em>, offers solutions that are often more efficient for large data. However, using <em>GRASS</em> through <em>R</em> requires users to become familiar with <em>GRASS</em>-specific syntax and data constructs. The <em>fasterRaster</em> package for <em>R</em> seamlessly connects to <em>GRASS</em> and enables analysis of large data sets. Modeled after the functions in <em>terra</em>, <em>fasterRaster</em> possesses over 200 methods for processing rasters and spatial vectors. <em>fasterRaster</em> also contains a growing number of specialty functions for hydrological, remote sensing, and topographical analysis. For small spatial objects, <em>terra</em> and <em>sf</em> will nearly always be faster, but for larger objects, <em>fasterRaster</em> can be several times faster, and for very large objects, can succeed where other solutions fail. A <em>pkgdown</em> website contains documentation and a tutorial: </span><a href=\"https://adamlilith.github.io/fasterRaster/index.html\"><span style='font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;'>https://adamlilith.github.io/fasterRaster/index.html</span></a><span style='font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;'>.</span><!--EndFragment--></p>", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "GIS" }, { "word": "Geographic Information System" }, { "word": "geomorphology" }, { "word": "hydrology" }, { "word": "R" }, { "word": "open source" }, { "word": "geospatial" }, { "word": "scalability" }, { "word": "memory management" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-10-17T01:28:31.764000-04:00", "date_accepted": "2025-10-17T09:57:01.205000-04:00", "date_published": "2025-10-17T09:56:00-04:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.70238", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X52R0M", "authors": [ { "pk": 109335, "first_name": "Adam", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Smith", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-6420-1659" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Other Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Other Environmental Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "2025-10-16 earthrxiv fasterRaster.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/10539/download/19378/" }, { "original_filename": "Smith 2026 fasterRaster - GIS in R using GRASS for large vectors and rasters.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/10539/download/21579/" }, { "original_filename": "Smith 2026 fasterRaster - GIS in R using GRASS for large vectors and rasters.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/10539/download/21580/" }, { "original_filename": "Smith 2026 fasterRaster - GIS in R using GRASS for large vectors and rasters.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/10539/download/21581/" }, { "original_filename": "Smith 2026 fasterRaster - GIS in R using GRASS for large vectors and rasters.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/10539/download/21582/" }, { "original_filename": "Smith 2026 fasterRaster - GIS in R using GRASS for large vectors and rasters.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/10539/download/21583/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://adamlilith.github.io/fasterRaster/index.html", "label": "Supplementary File" }, { "url": "https://github.com/adamlilith/fasterRaster", "label": "Supplementary File" }, { "url": "https://github.com/adamlilith/fasterRaster_benchmarking", "label": "Supplementary File" } ] }, { "pk": 12261, "title": "Pyxccd: An Efficient Python Package for Break-aware Time Series Analysis of Earth Observation Data", "abstract": "Pyxccd is an open-source, cross-platform Python package (installable via PyPI) for break-aware analysis of Earth observation time series, supporting retrospective disturbance mapping and near-real-time (NRT) monitoring. It implements the two CCDC-like algorithms: COLD (the latest version) and S-CCD 2.0 (state-space formulation to enable NRT application). Additionally, S-CCD 2.0 adds an anomaly-break hierarchical decision rule that improves robustness for coarse-resolution products and can output latent states for interpretable decomposition. A hybrid C/Python architecture provides high performance with a user-friendly API, plus pixel- and tile-based workflows and utilities for large-area orchestration. On 6,488 independently interpreted Landsat disturbance plots, COLD and S-CCD 2.0 achieve comparable accuracy (maximum F1=0.664 vs 0.653). S-CCD 2.0 is 1.4–1.9× faster for retrospective processing and 3–6× faster for NRT updating, with increasing gains as band numbers grow. Overall, pyxccd lowers the barrier to reproducible, efficient, and operational continuous change detection from Earth observation time series.", "license": { "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Time series analysis" }, { "word": "Change detection" }, { "word": "Disturbance" }, { "word": "State-space" }, { "word": "Near-real-time" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-21T03:15:06.113443-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-21T10:14:03.126564-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-21T10:13:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5GX9G", "authors": [ { "pk": 1681, "first_name": "Su", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ye", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-5910-1082" }, { "pk": 133680, "first_name": "Yingchu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Engineering" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "pyxccd_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12261/download/21963/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12206, "title": "Beyond efficiency: Sufficiency unlocks deep decarbonization of U.S. residential sector", "abstract": "<p>Decarbonization strategies in the residential sector have largely focused on lowering the carbon intensity of energy supply and improving end-use efficiency. Sufficiency, defined as avoiding unnecessary energy demand while maintaining well-being, remains largely unquantified in national energy system analyses. We quantify how structural sufficiency (dwelling size and housing form) and behavioral sufficiency (thermal comfort preferences via thermostat settings), alongside efficiency and electrification, contribute individually and in combination to emissions reductions. Using an integrated modelling framework that links U.S. housing stock turnover to hourly building energy demand, we find that floorspace expands by 55% from 2020 to 2050 under business-as-usual trends, increasing energy demand by 11%. Relative to this 2050 trajectory, efficiency and structural sufficiency reduce demand by 18% and 31%, and by 45% when combined. Adopting conservative, health-informed thermostat setpoints further reduces energy demand by 31–33%. Sufficiency measures offer substantial mitigation potential, enabling deep decarbonization while maintaining household well-being.</p>", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "residential decarbonization" }, { "word": "energy efficiency" }, { "word": "structural and behavioral sufficiency" }, { "word": "buildings modeling" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-16T14:33:07.188833-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-16T14:45:28.717726-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-16T14:45:00-04:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.31223/X5VB5H", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5VB5H", "authors": [ { "pk": 133365, "first_name": "Shuhaib", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nawawi", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0000-0002-9394-5104" }, { "pk": 133430, "first_name": "Parth", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vaishnav", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133431, "first_name": "Xiaoyang", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhong", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133432, "first_name": "Morgan", "middle_name": "R", "last_name": "Edwards", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133433, "first_name": "Alessio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mastrucci", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Nawawi_et_al_YSSP2025_Manuscript_FINAL-combined.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12206/download/21871/" }, { "original_filename": "Nawawi_et_all_PREPRINT_v2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12206/download/22051/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12201, "title": "Transient liquid- and solid-dominated inflation of an upper crustal magma chamber: insights from the Carlingford Complex (Ireland)", "abstract": "Layered intrusions are the crystallised remnants of magma reservoirs and preserve a detailed record of magma storage, differentiation, and recharge processes in the upper crust. Their assembly is commonly categorised into two end-member emplacement regimes: long-lived liquid-dominated magma chambers, and incrementally assembled crystal-rich mush systems. These end-members are often presented as competing concepts despite intrusions necessarily spanning a range of crystal fractions as they cool and crystallise. The Carlingford Complex (Co. Louth, Ireland) preserves the shallow-crustal architecture of a volcanic centre emplaced during plume-related rifting of the North Atlantic, thus providing the opportunity to evaluate contrasting models of subvolcanic magma reservoir assembly. Integrated field observations, microstructural analysis, mineral and bulk-rock geochemistry define four stratigraphic zones that record systematic changes in emplacement behaviour. High-resolution sampling of outcrop and drill core material reveals a previously unrecognised Lower Zone that extends the intrusion downward and represents its most mafic portion, preserving evidence for pulsed replenishment and accumulation within an open, liquid-dominated environment. The overlying Middle Zone marks the transition to a phase of high melt flux in a largely closed system, with microstructural and geochemical trends indicating intrusion-scale crystal settling, flotation, and convection. Upper Zone A records chaotic emplacement of multiple, laterally discontinuous sills in an open, crystal-rich environment. Upper Zone B mirrors the geochemical trends of the Middle Zone but is locally disrupted by small-scale sills and microstructures consistent with late-stage fluid infiltration. Together, these variegated petrological zones provide compelling evidence that subvolcanic systems can alternate between liquid- and crystal-dominated emplacement regimes over relatively short spatial and temporal intervals, highlighting their sensitivity to changes in melt flux and thermal state. These findings have direct implications for understanding magma supply to volcanoes and the formation of associated mineral deposits.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "gabbro" }, { "word": "magma chamber" }, { "word": "layered igneous rock" }, { "word": "cumulate" }, { "word": "geochemistry" }, { "word": "differentiation" }, { "word": "igneous petrology" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-17T08:26:13.414484-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-18T10:53:23.563117-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-18T10:53:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X55N1W", "authors": [ { "pk": 133279, "first_name": "Jack", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Beckwith", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133413, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Stock", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133414, "first_name": "Marian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Holness", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133415, "first_name": "Mark", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cooper", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133416, "first_name": "Jens", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Andersen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133417, "first_name": "Christian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Huber", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133418, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chew", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133419, "first_name": "Oliver", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Higgins", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 111617, "first_name": "Elliot", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Carter", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 111253, "first_name": "Sam", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Broom-Fendley", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Volcanology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Preprint_Beckwith_et_al_.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12201/download/21886/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12230, "title": "WITHDRAWN: Sustaining Life on the Fault Line: Women’s Social Reproduction and Grassroots Disaster Governance in Yogyakarta, Indonesia", "abstract": "", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "community-based disaster risk reduction" }, { "word": "grassroots governance" }, { "word": "social reproduction theory" }, { "word": "women’s resilience" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-18T14:45:48.272678-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-19T12:13:14.618824-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-19T12:13:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5X47T", "authors": [ { "pk": 133538, "first_name": "Alfita", "middle_name": "Puspa", "last_name": "Handayani", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4173, "first_name": "Sandy", "middle_name": "Hardian Susanto", "last_name": "Herho", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0000-0001-8330-2095" }, { "pk": 133539, "first_name": "Walter", "middle_name": "Timo", "last_name": "de Vries", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Studies" }, { "name": "Human Geography" }, { "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "HandayaniDayaAnnisa2026.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12230/download/21915/" }, { "original_filename": "handayaniEtAl2026preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12230/download/21921/" }, { "original_filename": "withdrawBADauthor.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12230/download/21940/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12420, "title": "Water Health: Testing and Determining Health of Local Bodies of Water", "abstract": "Ponds and rivers represent distinct aquatic ecosystems characterized by significant differences in size, flow, and water quality metrics through pH, salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), specific gravity, temperature, electric current, and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). While general metrics for assessing pond health are well-established, regional tolerance ranges can vary from commonly accepted values. This study aimed to evaluate the health of local ponds and rivers by comparing water quality data to standardized ranges and observing temporal changes in key metrics. Selecting three bodies of water in Loudoun County, Virginia (Living, Stagnant, and River), and using an all-in-one water quality tester, we measured pH, salinity, TDS, specific gravity, temperature, electric current, and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) across three local bodies of water. These findings were compared to the data and results of the National Institutes of Health, the United States Environmental Protection Agency, and Kasco Marine. Results indicated that all three water bodies fell within healthy ranges, supported by evidence of abundant wildlife and stable environmental conditions. No significant pollution or stress-related changes were observed, suggesting that these ecosystems maintain good health over time. This study provides baseline data for local water quality and highlights the stability of these ecosystems under current conditions.", "license": { "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "pond ecosystems" }, { "word": " river ecosystems" }, { "word": " water quality metrics" }, { "word": " pH" }, { "word": " salinity" }, { "word": " total dissolved solids (TDS)" }, { "word": " oxidation-reduction potential (ORP)" }, { "word": " aquatic health" }, { "word": " environmental stability" }, { "word": " regional tolerance ranges" }, { "word": " ecosystem assessment" }, { "word": "river ecosystems" }, { "word": "water quality metrics" }, { "word": "pH" }, { "word": "salinity" }, { "word": "" }, { "word": "total dissolved solids (TDS)" }, { "word": "aquatic health" }, { "word": "environmental stability" }, { "word": "regional tolerance ranges" }, { "word": "ecosystem" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-30T20:26:08.166327-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-31T09:00:02.113018-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-31T08:59:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X58489", "authors": [ { "pk": 134283, "first_name": "Christian", "middle_name": "Samuel", "last_name": "Shire", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 134281, "first_name": "Ryan", "middle_name": "Seunoy", "last_name": "Nisay", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0009-0009-9348-8087" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "merged (pdf.io)-1.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12420/download/22180/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1BnCsmmJy8bGYyxoQqt2cHYwcDvLmwgyh?usp=sharing", "label": "Supplementary File" } ] }, { "pk": 12317, "title": "Dataset of DInSAR wrapped phase signals for AI-based automated detection and classification of mass movements", "abstract": "With the growing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in remote sensing of mass movements, available datasets for model training and validation are increasingly needed. Although Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) is a widely used technique for studying mass movements, wrapped interferograms remain less exploited, and the importance of geomorphological expertise in their interpretation is not usually emphasised. \nIn this work, we introduce a dataset of DInSAR wrapped phase signals designed to support the development of Deep Learning (DL) models for the automated detection and classification of active slow-moving mass movements. The dataset covers two selected areas in the Central European Alps and the Northern Apennines. It contains 4910 DInSAR wrapped phase signals derived from 92 Sentinel-1 interferograms with temporal baselines ranging from 6 days to 1 year, and classified into nine distinct landslide and periglacial landform classes after careful geomorphological interpretation. This dataset is expected to support the scientific community in AI-based applications for mass movement research, while also serving as a benchmark for the generation of comparable datasets.", "license": { "name": "No Creative Commons license", "short_name": "No CC license", "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.", "url": "https://escholarship.org" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "DInSAR" }, { "word": "mass movements" }, { "word": "wrapped interferograms" }, { "word": "geomorphological mapping" }, { "word": "deep learning" }, { "word": "object detection" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-24T12:01:39.169115-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-26T10:16:39.581090-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-26T10:16:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5877Z", "authors": [ { "pk": 5206, "first_name": "Cristina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Reyes-Carmona", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-8325-4350" }, { "pk": 133853, "first_name": "Alessandro", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mercurio", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 48498, "first_name": "Alessandro", "middle_name": "Cesare", "last_name": "Mondini", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133854, "first_name": "Fabio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bovenga", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133855, "first_name": "Alessandro", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Simoni", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133856, "first_name": "Federico", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Agliardi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Monitoring" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Reyes-Carmona et al PREPRINT.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12317/download/22021/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12326, "title": "Seismological models based on a hybrid deep-learning strategy reveal tectonic features and earthquake risk in the Sichuan-Yunnan region", "abstract": "The Sichuan-Yunnan region is a critical tectonic zone for understanding continental deformation and seismic hazards. We developed a hybrid deep-learning strategy that integrates multi-scale phase picking and high-precision first-motion polarity identification, significantly improving regional seismic monitoring. This approach yielded a unified 2013-2022 high-resolution dataset, including -180,000 relocated events, 2,524 focal mechanisms, and a 0.25° × 0.25° stress field model. Our results reveal pronounced stress segmentation along the Longmenshan fault zone, driven by the interplay between regional tectonic compression and local fault geometry. Integrated analysis suggests that the structural complexity of the Dayi gap likely hinders gap-spanning ruptures. In contrast, the Zheduotang gap faces significantly elevated hazard due to persistent stress loading from the 2014 Kangding and 2022 Luding earthquakes. This unified high-resolution dataset provides a robust seismological framework for assessing geodynamic processes and future seismic risks in the region.", "license": { "name": "No Creative Commons license", "short_name": "No CC license", "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.", "url": "https://escholarship.org" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Machine-learning" }, { "word": " Earthquake" }, { "word": " Focal mechanism" }, { "word": " Stress field" }, { "word": " Seismic gap" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-25T02:58:40.113349-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-26T10:17:31.860934-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-26T10:17:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X54J4P", "authors": [ { "pk": 133891, "first_name": "Ziyi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133892, "first_name": "Lianqing", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhou", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133893, "first_name": "Mengqiao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Duan", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133894, "first_name": "Yanru", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "An", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133895, "first_name": "Zheng", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133896, "first_name": "Lisheng", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133897, "first_name": "Shiyong", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhou", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12326/download/22033/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12244, "title": "Sustaining Life on the Fault Line: Women’s Social Reproduction and Grassroots Disaster Governance in Yogyakarta, Indonesia", "abstract": "Mainstream disaster resilience studies overwhelmingly privilege top-down institutional frameworks, leaving the socio-economic and care-oriented contributions of women undertheorized as constitutive forces in how resilience is actually produced at the community level. This study examines how women’s everyday practices and organizational capacities shape disaster preparedness, response, and recovery in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, a multi-hazard environment (MHE) defined by continuous geological stress from the Sunda Megathrust, the Opak Fault, and Mount Merapi. Drawing on a qualitative case study of Daya Annisa, a women-led grassroots organization in Bantul Regency, this study deploys Social Reproduction Theory (SRT) to analyze how women’s informal networks operate under conditions of structural vulnerability and state withdrawal. Data were collected through in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) and analyzed using thematic coding synthesized through a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) framework reinterpreted as an analytical lens on the structural conditions governing reproductive labor. The findings demonstrate that resilience is produced through gendered social reproductive labor embedded in daily routines: household preparedness integrated into arisan and pengajian gatherings, rapid collective crisis response organized through trust-based care networks, systematic grassroots data production that maps vulnerable populations, and informal livelihood strategies that absorb economic shocks during reconstruction. Organizationally, internal strengths such as high social cohesion and adaptive outreach to marginalized coastal communities are structurally constrained by chronic underfunding, leader concentration, and documentation burdens imposed by donor logics. By foregrounding SRT, this study argues that resilience is not a passive capacity to absorb shocks but the active, gendered, and largely uncompensated labor through which communities are materially sustained when formal state systems and capitalist markets collapse under geological duress. These findings call for disaster policies that recognize grassroots women’s organizations as autonomous governance actors and that compensate, rather than merely celebrate, the reproductive labor on which community survival depends.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "community-based disaster risk reduction" }, { "word": "grassroots governance" }, { "word": "social reproduction theory" }, { "word": "women’s resilience" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-19T12:28:14.625535-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-19T12:31:20.329305-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-19T12:31:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X58F58", "authors": [ { "pk": 133538, "first_name": "Alfita", "middle_name": "Puspa", "last_name": "Handayani", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4173, "first_name": "Sandy", "middle_name": "Hardian Susanto", "last_name": "Herho", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0000-0001-8330-2095" }, { "pk": 110872, "first_name": "Iwan", "middle_name": "Pramesti", "last_name": "Anwar", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 89749, "first_name": "Faruq", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Khadami", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133571, "first_name": "Karina", "middle_name": "Aprilia", "last_name": "Sujatmiko", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133572, "first_name": "Sella", "middle_name": "Lestari", "last_name": "Nurmaulia", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133539, "first_name": "Walter", "middle_name": "Timo", "last_name": "de Vries", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Studies" }, { "name": "Human Geography" }, { "name": "Nature and Society Relations" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "handayaniEtAl2026preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12244/download/21941/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11139, "title": "CLOSDI: A Novel Spectral Index for Cloud Shadow Detection in Sentinel-2 Imagery Using NDVI and EVI2", "abstract": "<p>Cloud shadows constitute a significant source of uncertainty in optical remote sensing, thereby impairing the accuracy of spectral indices, land cover classifications, and time-series analyses derived from Sentinel-2 imagery. Although the Sentinel-2 Level-2A Scene Classification Layer (SCL) offers information on cloud shadows, its efficacy is frequently hindered by high omission rates and inconsistent detection. This study presents a novel spectral index, namely, the Cloud Shadow Detection Index (CLOSDI), which is specifically designed to enhance cloud shadow detection within agricultural and grassland landscapes.</p>\n<p>CLOSDI is derived from the differential sensitivity of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the two-band Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI2) to shadow conditions and can be computed directly from RED and NIR reflectance using a closed-form formulation. The index was evaluated using 1,231 high-quality image patches from the CloudSEN12 dataset, which are restricted to temperate and tropical grassland biomes. An optimal cutoff threshold of 34.0 was identified through an 80/20 training–testing split by maximizing the median intersection over union (IoU).</p>\n<p>On the test set, CLOSDI substantially outperformed the Sentinel-2 SCL-based shadow mask. The median performance metrics were: recall of 75.6 versus 19.6, F1-score of 63.4 versus 28.6, IoU of 46.4 versus 16.7, and balanced overall accuracy of 80.3 versus 57.6 for CLOSDI and SCL, respectively. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test confirmed that the improvement in IoU was statistically significant (p = 1.402 × 10⁻¹⁹). Despite using only two spectral bands, CLOSDI achieved a performance comparable to state-of-the-art cloud shadow detection algorithms, while requiring substantially lower computational complexity and eliminating the need for model training.</p>\n<p>These findings illustrate that the CLOSDI offers a straightforward, physically interpretable, and computationally efficient approach for cloud shadow detection within vegetation-dominated landscapes. Its ease of implementation and robust performance render it particularly appropriate for large-scale agricultural monitoring, vegetation time-series analysis, and operational remote sensing workflows.</p>", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cloud shadow detection" }, { "word": "sentinel-2" }, { "word": "CLOSDI index" }, { "word": "CloudSEN12" }, { "word": "Scene Classification Layer (SCL)" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-11T21:35:11.623000-05:00", "date_accepted": "2025-12-12T12:19:21.772000-05:00", "date_published": "2025-12-12T12:19:00-05:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2026.101990", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5JR0Z", "authors": [ { "pk": 121601, "first_name": "Adrián", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cal", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0000-0002-2773-0471" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Remote Sensing" }, { "name": "Spatial Science" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "ADRIAN_CAL_CLOSDI_DECEMBER_2025_PREPRINT_EARTHARXIV.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11139/download/20278/" }, { "original_filename": "ADRIAN_CAL_CLOSDI_MARCH_2026_PREPRINT_EARTHARXIV.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11139/download/21942/" }, { "original_filename": "ARTICULO_2_SHADOWLESS_ENGLISH_EARTHARXIV_MAR_2026_FINAL.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11139/download/22096/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12432, "title": "Persistent Multi-Scale Consistency in Best-Track Intensity Evolution and Rapid Intensification in Atlantic Tropical Cyclones (1851–2024)", "abstract": "Rapid intensification (RI), commonly defined as an increase in maximum sustained wind speed of at least 30 kt within 24 h, remains one of the most challenging aspects of tropical cyclone forecasting.\n\nThis study evaluates whether persistent multi-scale consistency in best-track intensity evolution is statistically associated with RI occurrence across the full Atlantic historical record. A minimal, forward-only diagnostic is constructed from HURDAT2 using causal rolling means of maximum sustained wind speed at multiple timescales and a directional-agreement rule across scales. The method uses only current and prior best-track intensity values and is applied uniformly to 1,991 Atlantic tropical cyclones from 1851 to 2024.\n\nStorms exhibiting longer durations of persistent multi-scale agreement form a conditionally enriched subset with substantially elevated RI occurrence. As persistence increases, RI probability rises from a basin-wide baseline of approximately 26% to about 60% for storms with at least 140 h of persistence and to about 67% for storms with at least 168–270 h of persistence.\n\nThe diagnostic is not interpreted as a direct measure of inner-core structure and is not proposed as an operational forecast tool. Instead, it provides a reproducible long-record statistical diagnostic derived solely from best-track data. The results indicate that prolonged multi-scale consistency identifies a subset of storms with substantially elevated RI likelihood and motivate further comparison with higher-resolution structural observations.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "tropical cyclones rapid intensification hurricanes time series analysis persistence best-track data HURDAT2" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-31T09:39:58.272748-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-04-01T13:41:40.132443-04:00", "date_published": "2026-04-01T13:41:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5TZ0H", "authors": [ { "pk": 134287, "first_name": "Nathan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Howell", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0009-0009-8893-6260" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" }, { "name": "Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Preprint_atlantic-event.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12432/download/22196/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12255, "title": "Microbial inoculation increases maize yield and root biomass across smallholder farming systems in Rwanda", "abstract": "Soil degradation, nutrient depletion, and increasing climate stress constrain food productivity across tropical smallholder farming systems. Microbial inoculants have emerged as a promising strategy to improve soil functions and crop yield, yet field-based data from African smallholder systems remain limited, particularly for multi-strain bacterial consortia. Using a multi-strain consortium in a Randomized Complete Block Design experiment, we quantified the effect that soil microbial inoculants have on maize yield and root biomass production across six farmer-managed field sites spanning four agroecological zones in Rwanda. Across all sites, we found that maize grain yield was significantly greater in SLP-treated plots than in untreated controls, and maize response magnitude varied among locations. The average grain yield uplift due to microbial inoculants varied between 59–68% compared to the untreated control fields. Root biomass followed a similar trend, with an increase of 62–74% in root biomass in the treated field compared to the untreated control fields. Altogether, these results suggest that soil microbial inoculants can improve crop yield and biomass productivity under heterogeneous smallholder field conditions and highlight the potential of microbiome-based interventions as complements to existing soil fertility management strategies in tropical African agricultural systems for food security and carbon sequestration.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "maize" }, { "word": "root biomass" }, { "word": "microbial inoculants" }, { "word": "smallholder agriculture" }, { "word": "tropical agroecosystems" }, { "word": "Rwanda" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-20T13:41:54.310420-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-21T12:39:13.692384-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-21T12:39:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X53R2P", "authors": [ { "pk": 133606, "first_name": "Benjamin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bukombe", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-5135-9783" }, { "pk": 133645, "first_name": "Anna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Edlund", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133646, "first_name": "Peter", "middle_name": "G", "last_name": "Saavedra", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133647, "first_name": "Josue", "middle_name": "William", "last_name": "Mberwa", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133636, "first_name": "Jack", "middle_name": "A", "last_name": "Gilbert", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133648, "first_name": "Francois", "middle_name": "X", "last_name": "Naramabuye", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133650, "first_name": "Sylvere", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sirikare", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133651, "first_name": "Paige", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Hansen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133652, "first_name": "Janet", "middle_name": "K", "last_name": "Jansson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 28719, "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "W.", "last_name": "Crowther", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Agricultural Science" }, { "name": "Agriculture" }, { "name": "Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "manuscript2032026.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12255/download/21955/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12243, "title": "Bimodal seismic-aseismic behavior of a weakly coupled megathrust segment revealed by kinematic analysis of a seismic swarm and slow slip event offshore Copiapó, Chile", "abstract": "A seismic swarm occurred in Chile in 2023, in a region well known for hosting this type of seismicity, the Atacama region, and more precisely within the low coupling zone of Barranquilla. It started on August 26th and lasts about 6~weeks, ending early October. Thanks to our high-density small-scale GNSS network, we recorded the spatio-temporal evolution of surface deformation generated by a slow slip event associated with the swarm. The slow slip event lasts as long as the seismic swarm but takes place in two distinct phases, located on two distinct patches of slip. Overall, the cumulative slip distribution extends over about 100 km (between 27°S and 28°S), reaching an equivalent Mw 6.1. The two patches of slip exhibit a quite different interplay between aseismic slip and seismicity, revealing bimodal seismic and aseismic behaviors. In the northern patch, which hosted almost all known swarms and where higher coupling was found, slip is collocated with seismicity, exhibiting important brittle deformation. In contrast, in the southern patch where coupling is low, microseismicity is not collocated with slip and is most likely driven by Coulomb stress transfer, suggesting a dominant aseismic behavior. We therefore demonstrate that the SSE associated with the 2023 swarm reveals the details of the low coupling zone structure that slow, interseismic deformation could not entirely decipher. Investigations on the long-term seismicity suggest that the aseismic behavior of the low coupling zone southern part has persisted at least since seismicity was cataloged and plausibly at the timescale of the regional seismic cycle.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Chilean subduction zone" }, { "word": "Atacama" }, { "word": "GNSS" }, { "word": "slow slip event" }, { "word": "swarm" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-19T11:38:57.653602-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-20T18:13:39.440428-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-20T18:13:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5W75S", "authors": [ { "pk": 4704, "first_name": "Emilie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Klein", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-3239-5118" }, { "pk": 133568, "first_name": "Javier", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ojeda", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-7188-8356" }, { "pk": 127871, "first_name": "Baptiste", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rousset", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11719, "first_name": "Christophe", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vigny", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11691, "first_name": "Sergio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ruiz", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6534, "first_name": "Bertrand", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Potin", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11478, "first_name": "Juan-Carlos", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Baez", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11573, "first_name": "Dimitri", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zigone", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-2383-8271" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Klein2026_subEPSL_EarthArxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12243/download/21936/" }, { "original_filename": "Klein2026_EPSL_Suppl_earthArxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12243/download/21937/" }, { "original_filename": "Klein2026_subEPSL_EarthArxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12243/download/21938/" }, { "original_filename": "Klein2026_subEPSL_EarthArxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12243/download/21939/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12423, "title": "Spatial Patterns in Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen Along a Newly Constructed Stream Corridor in Loudoun County, Virginia", "abstract": "<p>Nutrient enrichment remains a persistent driver of water quality impairment throughout the Potomac River and Chesapeake Bay watershed, motivating localized stream restoration efforts aimed at reducing downstream nitrogen transport. This study characterized spatial patterns in dissolved inorganic nitrogen along a newly constructed stream corridor in Loudoun County, Virginia, during active restoration construction. Five monitoring sites spanning an upstream control, three construction zone locations, and a downstream reference were sampled twice daily over three weeks and analyzed for nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium using colorimetric methods. Nitrate concentrations did not decline systematically downstream; the two sites nearest active earthwork exhibited the highest mean values, exceeding the upstream control, while no statistically significant differences were detected across sites for any nitrogen species (Kruskal-Wallis, p > 0.05). However, pooled nitrite concentrations within the construction zone were significantly elevated relative to the downstream reference (Mann-Whitney U = 867.5, p = 0.033), consistent with active nitrification of ammonium released from disturbed sediments. These findings suggest the corridor functions during construction as a biogeochemically active zone where nitrogen speciation is transiently altered rather than reduced, contrasting with the denitrification the restoration is designed to promote long-term. This work provides field-based baseline data and a replicable monitoring framework for evaluating post-construction nutrient attenuation.</p>", "license": { "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "dissolved inorganic nitrogen" }, { "word": "stream restoration" }, { "word": "nitrate attenuation" }, { "word": "denitrification" }, { "word": "suburban watershed" }, { "word": "Potomac River" }, { "word": "nutrient cycling" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-30T20:58:12.118774-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-31T08:52:14.368803-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-31T08:52:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5NB5N", "authors": [ { "pk": 134281, "first_name": "Ryan", "middle_name": "Seunoy", "last_name": "Nisay", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0009-0009-9348-8087" }, { "pk": 134283, "first_name": "Christian", "middle_name": "Samuel", "last_name": "Shire", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "merged (pdf.io)-3.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12423/download/22182/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1U0HYD8bOb7RBQUbqxv27cQjWNXNGL5_6qFl5MiAwecg/edit?usp=sharing", "label": "Supplementary File" } ] }, { "pk": 12268, "title": "A universal law for non-breaking surface wave decay", "abstract": "Macroscopic friction can emerge from microscopic fluctuations whose\nmean vanishes but whose autocorrelation does\nnot.\nHere we use this statistical-mechanical route to resolve a sixty-year-old problem in ocean wave physics, how non-breaking\nsurface waves lose energy to upper-ocean\nturbulence.\nThe Navier-Stokes equations contain a stochastic vortex\nforce (the coupling between wave orbital motion and turbulent\nvorticity fluctuations) that classical wave-current\ntheory discards because its phase\naverage is zero.\nYet its finite-time autocorrelation survives, yielding a\nnon-negative Green-Kubo transport coefficient and, with\ninertial-range scaling, a parameter-free decay law determined by\nthe turbulent dissipation rate, wave frequency and gravity.\nRemote ocean swell, where competing processes are weak, isolates\nthis mechanism for direct test.\nThe same framework predicts two observational signatures that\nprevious analyses missed. The standard satellite estimator\nsystematically exceeds the physical decay rate because of an\nIto correction, and a substantial fraction of individual tracks\nmust display apparent energy gain.\nThese events are not merely outliers or measurement artefacts, but the\nmost discriminating fingerprint of the stochastic theory.\nBoth predictions are supported by global satellite observations.\nOur results reveal a hidden non-breaking pathway by which\nupper-ocean turbulence drains wave energy into the ocean interior,\nand show how macroscopic dissipation can emerge from fluctuations\nthat deterministic averaging eliminates.\n", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Ocean swell dissipation； Stochastic vortex force； Green–Kubo relation； Fluctuation–dissipation theorem； Wave–turbulence interaction" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-22T09:27:38.676799-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-22T10:01:49.769082-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-22T10:01:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5QF4X", "authors": [ { "pk": 133706, "first_name": "Guoqiang", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133707, "first_name": "Maryam", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "AlShehhi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Fluid Dynamics" }, { "name": "Oceanography" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Physics" }, { "name": "Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Nature320 (4).pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12268/download/21972/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/10Sfq2f47fdmcp672xNBOMdj6UUz2gA7l/view?usp=drive_link", "label": "Supplementary File" } ] }, { "pk": 12269, "title": "On the Origin of Directional Variability in Earthquake Response Spectra: A Stochastic Covariance Framework", "abstract": "Directional variability of horizontal earthquake response spectra is commonly described using rotation-based measures such as RotD50 and RotD100, yet its physical and statistical origin remains unclear. This study shows that directional anisotropy arises fundamentally from finite-sample fluctuations of the covariance matrix of filtered ground-motion response. Even under perfectly isotropic excitation, covariance estimation over finite-duration records produces random polarization governed by Wishart statistics, establishing an intrinsic stochastic baseline for anisotropy. A geometric anisotropy measure, κ, is introduced based on the eigenvalue contrast of the response covariance matrix. It is shown that κ² follows an exact Beta distribution determined by the effective number of statistically independent realizations. Extension to oscillator response reveals that this effective number depends on oscillator bandwidth and energetic duration, leading to a closed-form scaling that explains the observed increase of anisotropy with period. A record-conditioned isotropic surrogate framework is developed to isolate this stochastic baseline in real ground motions while preserving spectral content and temporal envelope. Simulations and surrogate ensembles confirm that the Wishart-based model accurately captures the variability of directional anisotropy.The results show that rotation-based measures such as RotD100 and RotD50 do not directly quantify anisotropy, but combine covariance-driven geometric effects with stochastic peak selection. The proposed formulation provides a stochastic foundation for interpreting and modelling directional ground-motion fields in seismic hazard analysis.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "directionality" }, { "word": " response spectra" }, { "word": " peak factor" }, { "word": " sample covariance" }, { "word": " near-fault ground motions" }, { "word": " polarization" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-22T11:38:51.739425-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-22T12:27:05.258989-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-22T12:27:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5KR21", "authors": [ { "pk": 130703, "first_name": "Rajesh", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rupakhety", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 130704, "first_name": "Victor", "middle_name": "Moises Hernández", "last_name": "Aguirre", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-6251-271X" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Preprint_Rupakhety_On_anisotropy.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12269/download/21973/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12272, "title": "Spatiotemporal Assessment of Urbanisation and Deforestation Impacts on Forest Structure and Vegetation Health in Ekiti State, Nigeria Using Multi-Sensor SAR, Optical, and GEDI Data.", "abstract": "Nigeria’s urban population is projected to reach 70% by 2050, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable land management strategies. This study integrates multi-sensor SAR (ALOS PALSAR, Sentinel-1), optical imagery (Landsat, Sentinel-2), and spaceborne LiDAR (GEDI) to quantify the impacts of urbanization and deforestation on forest structure in Ekiti State, Nigeria. \nUsing Random Forest and Support Vector Machine classifiers, we mapped a net loss of 54,010 hectares of forest between 2007 and 2024. GEDI-derived canopy height analysis revealed a dramatic decline from an average of 7.95 m in 2019 to 1.79 m by 2025. Notably, although 2024 spectral maps achieved 85.3% classification accuracy, validation against a 5 m LiDAR height threshold yielded a User’s Accuracy of only 38.18%, exposing a “Spectral–Structural Paradox” where apparent greenness masks underlying biomass collapse. \nUrbanization in Ekiti is dominated by inefficient horizontal expansion, as reflected in an Urban Land Consumption Ratio of 3.12, far exceeding population growth. These findings demonstrate that conventional two-dimensional monitoring systematically overestimates forest health in urbanizing tropical regions, underscoring the critical need to integrate three-dimensional structural metrics into national forest inventories and urban planning frameworks to support Sustainable Development Goals 11 (sustainable cities) and 15 (life on land).\n", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Multi-sensor fusion" }, { "word": " GEDI LiDAR" }, { "word": " Deforestation monitoring" }, { "word": " Urban Land Consumption Ratio (ULCR)" }, { "word": " Canopy height model (CHM)." }, { "word": "GEDI LiDAR" }, { "word": "Deforestation monitoring" }, { "word": "Urban Land Consumption Ratio (ULCR)" }, { "word": "Canopy height model (CHM)" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-22T14:54:09.979386-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-22T17:54:28.856120-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-22T17:54:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5FZ03", "authors": [ { "pk": 133715, "first_name": "Oluwafemi", "middle_name": "David", "last_name": "Bejide", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0009-0002-4588-0315" }, { "pk": 133716, "first_name": "Kunle", "middle_name": "David", "last_name": "Emiola", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133717, "first_name": "Ojo", "middle_name": "Davies", "last_name": "Ajewole", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133718, "first_name": "Hezekiah", "middle_name": "Daramola", "last_name": "Olaniran", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "MANUSCRIPT.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12272/download/21977/" }, { "original_filename": "manuscript1.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12272/download/21980/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12275, "title": "Atsusa samusa mo higan made: Statistical validation of a Japanese weather proverb across eight stations over 76 years", "abstract": "Background: Weather proverbs encode centuries of observational knowledge, yet few have been subjected to rigorous statistical testing. The Japanese proverb atsusa samusa mo higan made (\"heat and cold last only until the equinox\") asserts that seasonal temperature transitions coincide with the vernal and autumnal equinoxes. Despite growing international interest in weather folklore verification, no formal study has examined this widely known Japanese proverb.\n\nMethods: We analyzed daily mean temperature data from eight Japan Meteorological Agency stations spanning latitudes 26.3-43.1°N over 76 years (1950-2025). Temperature transition points were identified using the Pruned Exact Linear Time (PELT) change point detection algorithm and segmented regression with bootstrap confidence intervals. Temporal trends were assessed via Mann-Kendall tests, and spring-autumn asymmetry was evaluated using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. All tests used a two-sided significance threshold of α = 0.05.\n\nResults: The proverb showed approximate consistency with autumn temperature patterns but not spring. Autumn PELT-detected transition points occurred close to the autumnal equinox (median offset: +4.0 days; interquartile range [IQR]: -2.0 to +14.0; Cohen's d = 0.25-0.51), whereas spring transitions lagged substantially behind the vernal equinox (median offset: +10.0 days; IQR: 0.0 to +16.0; d = 0.26-0.76). This spring-autumn asymmetry was statistically significant at four of eight stations after Benjamini-Hochberg correction (q ＜ 0.05). Mann-Kendall tests revealed significant increasing trends in autumn offsets at four stations (+0.12 to +0.18 days/year, q ＜ 0.05), suggesting that autumn cooling is progressively delayed. Sensitivity analyses (unrestricted PELT, block bootstrap, modified Mann-Kendall) confirmed the robustness of all primary findings. Naha (26.3°N) exhibited distinctly large offsets in both seasons, consistent with subtropical thermal inertia.\n\nConclusions: The proverb atsusa samusa mo higan made is approximately consistent with autumn temperature patterns but not spring, and the correspondence for autumn appears to be declining over time—a trend consistent with climate warming. These findings parallel international studies showing that traditional weather knowledge, while rooted in genuine climatic patterns, requires reinterpretation as temperatures rise.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "weather proverb" }, { "word": "equinox" }, { "word": "change point detection" }, { "word": "PELT" }, { "word": "climate change" }, { "word": "Japan" }, { "word": "seasonal transition" }, { "word": "folklore verification" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-23T03:14:12.535047-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-23T08:54:26.749096-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-23T08:54:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5XZ0F", "authors": [ { "pk": 133726, "first_name": "MIZUKI", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "SHIRAI", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0009-0005-3615-0670" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12275/download/21982/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12278, "title": "Geospatial Modelling of Vegetation Dynamics and Carbon Sequestration Capacity in Ekiti State, Nigeria Using MODIS Data and CASA Models.", "abstract": "Accurate estimation of terrestrial carbon sequestration capacity is fundamental to national climate mitigation efforts and achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study assessed vegetation dynamics and modelled Net Primary Productivity (NPP) a proxy for carbon sequestration capacity in Ekiti State, Nigeria, over the 11-year period (2014–2024). The study deployed the seasonal and annual Carnegie Ames Standard Approach (CASA) model which is driven by high-resolution Landsat 8 Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), derived APAR ERA5 climate data, and Terraclimate moisture data, all resampled to 30m spatial resolution. The outputs were analysed using the Mann-Kendall trend test and validated against the coarser MODIS (MOD17) NPP product. The NPP estimated byT the CASA model and MODIS product were 482.61 ± 38.95gC m-2y- and 474.63 ± 35.89 gCm⁻² yr⁻¹ respectively. Temporally, the findings revealed a critical discrepancy: the MODIS NPP trend showed a statistically significant decline (tau = -0.491, p=0.041) over the decade, while the higher-resolution CASA NPP showed only a weak, insignificant decline (tau = -0.127, p=0.648). Seasonal driver analysis resolved this contradiction, exposing divergent ecosystem controls: the Wet season was found to be light-limited, where NPP showed a strong negative correlation with the Wetness Index (rho = -0.773, p=0.005) suggesting cloud-cover limitation and a positive correlation with (PAR). In other word, the Dry season was purely water-limited, confirmed by a strong positive correlation between NPP and the Wetness Index (rho = 0.800, p=0.003). These results underscore that local carbon sequestration is controlled by seasonally antagonistic climate factors. The pronounced divergence between the MODIS and CASA estimates emphasizes the necessity of using locally calibrated, high-spatial resolution Light Use Efficiency models for reliably monitoring carbon budgets and informing forest conservation strategies in complex ecological transition zones like Ekiti State.", "license": { "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Net Primary Productivity (NPP)" }, { "word": "Enhanced Vegetation index (EVI)" }, { "word": "Carbon Budget" }, { "word": "Light Use Efficiency (LUE)" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-23T05:06:07.683004-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-23T08:52:52.087662-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-23T08:52:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X52R2C", "authors": [ { "pk": 133715, "first_name": "Oluwafemi", "middle_name": "David", "last_name": "Bejide", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0009-0002-4588-0315" }, { "pk": 133745, "first_name": "Hezekiah", "middle_name": "Daramola", "last_name": "Olaniran", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Monitoring" }, { "name": "Geographic Information Sciences" }, { "name": "Natural Resources and Conservation" }, { "name": "Natural Resources Management and Policy" }, { "name": "Physical and Environmental Geography" }, { "name": "Remote Sensing" }, { "name": "Spatial Science" }, { "name": "Sustainability" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Modelling of Carbon sequestration capacity.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12278/download/21984/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12446, "title": "Mercury", "abstract": "Data from the Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft, the Mariner 10 spacecraft, and decades of ground-based observations have revealed a wealth of information about the geochemistry of Mercury, the inner most planet in our Solar system. These data indicate that Mercury is an endmember among the terrestrial planets with a core mass fraction of ~71–78% of the planet’s mass, a surface that is low in Fe and rich in S, and a surface that is darkened by 1–4% graphitic carbon that may have been sourced from an ancient primary flotation crust. Mercury has an interior oxygen fugacity (fO2) that is more reduced than the other terrestrial planets. In fact, the interior of Mercury is so reduced, the geochemical behavior of the elements on Mercury deviates from the expected behavior based on studies of Earth, Moon, and Mars. Moreover, Mercury is a volatile-rich planet with moderately volatile element abundances similar to Mars and possibly enriched relative to Earth. The origin of Mercury’s endmember status is still an open question, but there are two broad classes of hypotheses for the origin of Mercury, including 1) impact erosion models consisting of either a single giant mantle-stripping impact or series of smaller impacts that preferentially removed silicate material from Mercury without re-accretion; and 2) formation of Mercury from highly reduced and broadly chondritic metal-rich precursor materials that are not well represented by chondritic meteorites. Both of these formation models have highly contrasting implications for the thermochemical evolution of Mercury and its bulk composition. However, from the data available, both models remain viable. Many open questions about Mercury’s geochemistry remain unanswered. These questions require additional experimental and modeling work that can be completed today, but they also require the continued exploration of planet Mercury. The European Space Agency’s BepiColombo spacecraft will reach orbital insertion around Mercury in late 2025, and it has a suite of geochemical instruments that will gather data from across the surface of Mercury. Looking beyond BepiColombo, a Mercury lander could provide detailed insights into the surface of Mercury that are not possible from orbit, and studies of samples, either through the identification of a meteorite from Mercury or from a Mercury sample return mission would revolutionize our understanding of Mercury’s geochemistry.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "MESSENGER" }, { "word": "Hermean Geochemistry" }, { "word": "Bulk composition" }, { "word": "Oxygen fugacity" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-04-01T02:17:47.034238-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-04-01T09:38:00.625927-04:00", "date_published": "2026-04-01T09:37:00-04:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-99762-1.00109-1", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X50N33", "authors": [ { "pk": 134358, "first_name": "Francis", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "McCubbin", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-2101-4431" }, { "pk": 134359, "first_name": "Brendan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Anzures", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Mercury Book Chapter Final_postprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12446/download/22213/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12451, "title": "A Global Catalogue of Lunar Topographic Prominence ≥ 1 km", "abstract": "We present the Lunar Ribus Database, a global catalogue of lunar summits with topographic prominence ≥1 km derived from the highest-resolution global and regional digital elevation models currently available. Each summit in the catalogue is reported with summit and key col elevations relative to the global minimum, prominence, key col elevation, and geographic coordinates of both summit and key col. Prominence was computed using the divide-tree algorithm of Andrew Kirmse (\"mountains\").\n\nSummits with prominence ≥1 km, called Ribus, provide a formal measure of morphometric independence. By linking each summit to its key col, the Lunar Ribus Database establishes a globally consistent hierarchy of kilometre-scale positive-relief landforms on the Moon. This framework enables terrain segmentation, analysis of impact- and volcanism-related edifices, and comparative prominence-based morphometry across planetary bodies. ", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "moon" }, { "word": "topographic prominence" }, { "word": "lunar topography" }, { "word": "planetary geomorphology" }, { "word": "digital elevation models" }, { "word": "lunar mountains" }, { "word": "central peaks" }, { "word": "Ribus" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-04-01T08:25:53.114621-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-04-01T09:42:34.639613-04:00", "date_published": "2026-04-01T09:42:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5MF40", "authors": [ { "pk": 122580, "first_name": "Jim", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Singh", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 134367, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Quinn", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 134376, "first_name": "Oscar", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Argudo", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Planetary Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Planetary Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Lunar_TopographicProminence_1km.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12451/download/22217/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19363869", "label": "Lunar Ribus Database (Academic Release)" } ] }, { "pk": 12450, "title": "k G as a Passive Lithological Compliance Index Derivation from Independent Spectral Residuals and Validation across Seven Lithologies", "abstract": "We present k\nG\n= π × f₀ / (Q × V\ns\n) as a passive lithological compliance index measurable from\nambient seismic noise without drilling or active sources. The fundamental frequency f₀ is\nextracted from spectral residuals after subtraction of the common seismic mode (oceanic\nmicroseism), while V\ns\nand Q are drawn from published borehole measurements. Using this\nthree-source independent framework across nine broadband seismic stations spanning seven\nlithological classes — granite, ophiolite, basalt, limestone, marl, alluvium, and soft sediment —\nwe find a near-perfect Spearman correlation between k\nG\nand Q × V\ns\n(ρ = −0.941, p = 0.0002, N\n= 9). The lithological ordering granite < ophiolite < basalt < limestone < marl < alluvium <\nsediment is recovered consistently across six spectral window lengths (5 min to 2 h), with\ncoefficient of variation below 3% at five of nine stations. A formal independence test confirms\nthat f₀ carries no information about Q × V\ns\n(ρ = −0.008, p = 0.98), ruling out algebraic\ncircularity. In Theban limestone, the empirically calibrated value k\nG\n= 23.1 /km (Gasque, 2026;\nρ = 0.786, p = 0.021, N = 8 tombs) exceeds the borehole-derived compliance value of 0.055\n/km by a factor of 420, encoding cavity resonance amplification. We propose k\nG\nas a\nsingle-station, equipment-agnostic site-characterization parameter complementary to V\ns30\n,\nrequiring no instrument deployment beyond existing network infrastructure. All data, methods,\nand results are fully reproducible from public seismic archives.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "passive seismic" }, { "word": "lithological compliance index" }, { "word": "seismic site characterization" }, { "word": "quality factor Q" }, { "word": "ambient noise" }, { "word": "HVSR · k_G detectability · Theban limestone · FDSN open data · spectral residuals · common-mode subtraction" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-04-01T05:57:11.585787-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-04-01T11:36:32.603019-04:00", "date_published": "2026-04-01T11:36:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5GN22", "authors": [ { "pk": 134203, "first_name": "benjamin", "middle_name": "gasque", "last_name": "gasque", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/ 0009-0003-7018-5813" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Article-10-k_G-Compliance.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12450/download/22216/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12299, "title": "SIM4Action: An Interactive Platform for Social-Environmental Systems Mapping and Causal Analysis", "abstract": "SIM4Action is an open-source, browser-based platform for participatory analysis of complex socio-environmental systems through interactive causal network graphs. Existing systems mapping tools require practitioners to combine separate software for map construction, network analysis, and causal simulation; none provides an integrated workflow accessible to non-technical stakeholders. SIM4Action addresses this gap through a three-stage adaptive management workflow—Understand, Intervene, Monitor—implemented as dedicated analytical laboratories offering feedback loop detection, community detection, token-based causal diffusion simulation (probabilistic and deterministic modes with forward and backward propagation), multiple centrality metrics for leverage point identification, and a genetic algorithm optimiser for intervention resource allocation. Python’s scientific stack runs\nin-browser via Pyodide/WebAssembly, enabling zero-installation deployment. A domain-agnostic, configuration-driven architecture serves multiple system maps, each defined by a Google Sheets data source and a JSON configuration file; core analytical libraries are independently importable for scripted research pipelines. Co-designed with stakeholders over six years across seven\nfunded projects spanning Australia, Chile, Peru, Finland, and the Western Indian Ocean region, the platform currently hosts over ten deployed system maps spanning fisheries, water governance, lithium extraction, and social welfare domains. This growing, standardised collection of causal models lays the groundwork for a broader research programme: from domain-specific case studies through cross-system structural comparisons toward a Systems Atlas—a large-scale repository enabling comparative analysis of socio-environmental complexity across domains, geographies, and scales. A public version is hosted at https://sim4action.io", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "systems mapping" }, { "word": " causal analysis" }, { "word": " socio-environmental systems" }, { "word": " network analysis" }, { "word": " participatory modelling" }, { "word": " adaptive management" }, { "word": "participatory modelling" }, { "word": "causal systems mapping" }, { "word": "adaptive management" }, { "word": "socio-environmental systems" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-23T20:42:30.869236-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-25T09:19:41.399959-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-25T09:19:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5976W", "authors": [ { "pk": 2922, "first_name": "Juan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Castilla-Rho", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-8468-8636" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Environmental Studies" }, { "name": "Hydraulic Engineering" }, { "name": "Life Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "eartharxiv-preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12299/download/22002/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 10674, "title": "ForestCast: Forecasting Deforestation Risk at Scale with Deep Learning", "abstract": "<p>Deforestation is a major threat to biodiversity and the stability of the climate. Current monitoring solutions provide reactive alerts only after deforestation has occurred, rendering them inadequate for prevention. Proactive deforestation prevention necessitates forecasting at-risk areas; however, previous forecasting efforts have been constrained by their reliance on simple statistical models and limited feature sets. This paper introduces the ForestCast dataset, the first publicly available dataset dedicated to training deep learning models for the task of deforestation risk forecasting. We benchmark several deep learning models from the literature, as well as a Random Forest Decision Tree model, and find that the deep learning models perform the best. Furthermore, we test the relative importance of three classes of input data: 1) satellite imagery, 2) derived feature layers such as slope and distance to roads, and 3) change history, an image summarizing past deforestation. We find that change history is important, but the most flexible models perform well with satellite imagery (or embeddings derived from imagery) alone. Lastly, we present a preliminary assessment of the ethics of using deforestation risk models in practice.</p>", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "deforestation" }, { "word": "Forecasting" }, { "word": "remote-sensing" }, { "word": "deep-learning" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-10-30T14:30:50.727000-04:00", "date_accepted": "2025-10-31T10:47:40.414000-04:00", "date_published": "2025-10-31T10:47:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5Q757", "authors": [ { "pk": 122703, "first_name": "Matthew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Overlan", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 94394, "first_name": "Charlotte", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Stanton", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 94385, "first_name": "Maxim", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Neumann", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 122777, "first_name": "Arianna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Manzini", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 122778, "first_name": "Julia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Haas", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 122775, "first_name": "Michelangelo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Conserva", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 107511, "first_name": "Melanie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rey", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 122779, "first_name": "Kira", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Prabhu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 122780, "first_name": "Youngin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shin", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 122781, "first_name": "Kuan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 94397, "first_name": "Drew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Purves", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Artificial Intelligence and Robotics" }, { "name": "Environmental Monitoring" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "ForestCast__Forecasting_deforestation_risk_at_scale_with_deep_learning v6.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/10674/download/19620/" }, { "original_filename": "ForestCast__Forecasting_deforestation_risk_at_scale_with_deep_learning 7.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/10674/download/19690/" }, { "original_filename": "ForestCast_pan_tropical (1).pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/10674/download/22049/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12440, "title": "From Impact Chains to Decision-Support: Designing CRISP, a Climate Risk Planning Tool for Agri-Food Systems", "abstract": "Systematically integrating climate risk considerations into development planning remains a persistent challenge, particularly where a lot of information needs to be gathered and practical, accessible tools and databases are lacking. Existing climate risk assessment approaches are often complex, resource-intensive, or not designed for specific sectoral contexts. To address this gap, the Climate Risk Planning and Managing Tool (CRISP), a web-based platform designed to structure and present existing climate risk knowledge in a format accessible to practitioners for early-stage project design and decision-making was developed.\nCRISP is centred on a modular Impact Chain framework that visually plots how climate Hazards interact with Exposure and Vulnerability factors leading to cascading Impacts mitigated by Adaptation Options. Covering 23 agri-food systems, these expert-validated Impact Chains are embedded in a flexible, transparent and interactive platform designed for usability. Rather than generating new data, CRISP curates and organises dispersed information from scientific and policy sources, guiding users in formulating context-specific adaptation strategies.\nThe platform provides end users with interactive Impact Chain visualisations, featuring content selection, automated report generation, and embedded instructions, as well as a searchable repository of over 1200 additional resources for climate risk screening. In addition, the platform offers programmatic access to Impact Chain data through a CRISP knowledge graph built leveraging semantic technologies. This graph is structured according to the conceptual design, data structuring methodology, and technical architecture of CRISP illustrating how Impact Chains can serve as a bridge between high-level climate risk concepts and concrete planning needs. By improving access to structured climate risk knowledge, CRISP supports evidence-based and practicable climate adaptation planning in the agricultural sector.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "climate risk assessment" }, { "word": "impact chains" }, { "word": "agri-food systems" }, { "word": "decision-support tool" }, { "word": "knowledge graph" }, { "word": "farming systems" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-31T17:00:20.793246-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-04-01T09:40:05.443826-04:00", "date_published": "2026-04-01T09:40:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5VX8H", "authors": [ { "pk": 134326, "first_name": "Kathrin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Renner", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-7757-799X" }, { "pk": 28788, "first_name": "Massimiliano", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pittore", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 134327, "first_name": "Piero", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Campalani", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-1032-9825" }, { "pk": 134328, "first_name": "Osana", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bonilla-Findji", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 134329, "first_name": "Laura", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cramer", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-1559-3497" }, { "pk": 134330, "first_name": "Philip", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Thornton", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-1854-0182" }, { "pk": 134331, "first_name": "Alessandro", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mosca", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 134332, "first_name": "Amanda", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gosling", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0009-0001-0953-2690" }, { "pk": 134333, "first_name": "Leah", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gichuki", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 134334, "first_name": "Maike", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Voss", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0009-0001-2544-800X" }, { "pk": 134335, "first_name": "Marc", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zebisch", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-3530-7219" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Risk Analysis" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "PCLM-D-26-00165.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12440/download/22204/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://gitlab.inf.unibz.it/crisp-kg", "label": "Public data" }, { "url": "https://crisp.eurac.edu", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 8876, "title": "Origin of Silicic Magmas at Kibblewhite Volcano: Implications for Bimodal Volcanism in the Kermadec Arc", "abstract": "<p>Bimodal volcanism of basaltic and rhyolitic magmas in the Kermadec Arc has been attributed to the fractional crystallization of basaltic sources. However, new evidence from the Kibblewhite Volcano reveals two distinct differentiation pathways originating from mantle-derived basaltic and andesitic primary magmas. Here we employ geothermobarometric estimations, mass-balance calculations, and thermodynamic modeling to demonstrate that rhyolitic magmas in the Kibblewhite Volcano are derived from andesitic primary magmas through ~70% fractional crystallization. The andesite differentiation model provides a more efficient pathway for rhyolite generation than the basalt differentiation model, supported by rare earth element compositions and differentiation modelling. We propose a new hypothesis that bimodal volcanism in the Kermadec Arc arises from parallel differentiation of basaltic and andesitic primary magmas, a process facilitated by the thin crust in this arc and varied mantle melting conditions. This study challenges conventional basalt-centric paradigms of silicic magma genesis and highlights the importance of mantle-derived andesitic magmas in shaping oceanic arc volcanism.</p>", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2025-03-29T11:19:11.079000-04:00", "date_accepted": "2025-03-29T11:55:38.669000-04:00", "date_published": "2025-03-29T11:55:00-04:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/iar.70043", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5WM7B", "authors": [ { "pk": 106274, "first_name": "Yasuhiro", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hirai", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0009-0003-7566-1700" }, { "pk": 12291, "first_name": "Yoshihiko", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tamura", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Volcanology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "01_Manuscript_Silicic_Magma_Eartharxiv用.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/8876/download/16569/" }, { "original_filename": "Hirai and Tamura (2026).pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/8876/download/22222/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 8228, "title": "On the assessment of sinking particle fluxes from in situ particle size distributions", "abstract": "<p>The biological carbon pump is a vital component of the global carbon cycle, particularly through sinking of particulate organic carbon (POC) to the ocean interior. Particle size distribution (PSD) observations from the Underwater Vision Profiler (UVP) have been widely used to quantify sinking POC fluxes. This approach assumes that the sinking POC flux is a function of the PSD multiplied by a power law relating particle size to sinking rates and carbon content. The coefficients of the power law are quantified by regressing UVP data against sediment trap flux observations. Here, we systematically assess the performance of this approach using a large UVP dataset of co-located and coincident sediment trap and thorium-234 flux observations from the North Pacific (50°N, 145°W, August 2018) and the North Atlantic (49°N, 16.5°W, May 2021) sampled during the EXPORTS (EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing) field campaign, which span both diverse environmental conditions and sinking flux values. Globally, when power law coefficients are evaluated over all sites and depths, the UVP flux method explains 80% of the variance in POC flux. However, when coefficients are determined using regional subsets of the EXPORTS dataset, the method performs poorly. Reasons include lack of knowledge of particle characteristics beyond PSD; undersampling of rare large particles; spatial and temporal scales mismatches between UVPs and flux observations; and difficulties arising from non-steady state conditions. To improve UVP-based sinking POC flux estimates regionally, additional data on particle characteristics such as transparency and morphology are needed.</p>", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Biological carbon pump" }, { "word": " particulate organic carbon" }, { "word": " particle imaging" }, { "word": " sediment traps" }, { "word": " thorium-234" }, { "word": " ocean carbon cycle" }, { "word": " sinking carbon export fluxes" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-12-16T15:54:29.136000-05:00", "date_accepted": "2024-12-16T21:50:53.510000-05:00", "date_published": "2024-12-16T16:52:00-05:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JG008861", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5899D", "authors": [ { "pk": 94095, "first_name": "Elena", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ceballos Romero", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-4622-8866" }, { "pk": 26094, "first_name": "Ken", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Buesseler", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 26083, "first_name": "Erik", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fields", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 94097, "first_name": "Rainer", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kiko", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 23183, "first_name": "Margaret", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Estapa", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-8000-8517" }, { "pk": 94098, "first_name": "Lee", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Karp-Boss", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 94099, "first_name": "Samantha", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Clevenger", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 94100, "first_name": "Laetitia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Drago", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 35815, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Siegel", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Biogeochemistry" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Other Earth Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "EarthArvix_EXPORTS-UVP.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/8228/download/15459/" }, { "original_filename": "EarthArvix_EXPORTS-UVP.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/8228/download/15460/" }, { "original_filename": "EarthArvix_EXPORTS-UVP_v2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/8228/download/19829/" }, { "original_filename": "EarthArvix_EXPORTS-UVP_v3.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/8228/download/20396/" }, { "original_filename": "Ceballos-et-al_MS_resubmission_3_final.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/8228/download/22162/" }, { "original_filename": "EarthArvix_EXPORTS-UVP_v4.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/8228/download/22223/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28410668", "label": "Supplementary File" } ] }, { "pk": 12319, "title": "Sustainable Design from Waste Up: Irradiated Graphite Disposal Assessments to Inform Reactor Design and Operation", "abstract": "As Gen IV graphite-moderated reactor technologies advance to demonstration and deployment, the question must be answered of how, where, and when to dispose of the irradiated graphite waste produced from the operation of these facilities. This work presents an integrated assessment involving the entire graphite lifecycle in nuclear power production: impurity measurement of graphite grades, reactor simulations for source-term characterization, and repository simulations for subsurface radionuclide transport from a hypothetical near-surface low-level waste repository. This integration enables the feedback from the disposal assessment to evaluate the engineering design parameters. We demonstrate our approach based on a hypothetical repository with hydrogeological parameters representative of the arid western region in the US. Our results show that mobile carbon-14 is the largest contributor to radioactivity and offsite groundwater concentrations, and that crediting a graphite waste form reduces the concentrations significantly, since it limits the radionuclide release. The sensitivity analysis then shows the dominant impact of release rates from the waste forms compared to sorption and other transport parameters. In addition, reduced-order models are developed separately for the reactor model and repository model to combine two models in a modular structure, and to explore the acceptable nitrogen impurity and operational period for satisfying the repository criteria. The framework developed in this study enables us to quantify the risks associated with the disposal of major radioactive waste streams from advanced reactors, and to consider such characteristics in the reactor engineering designs. ", "license": { "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Low Level Radioactive Waste" }, { "word": "Waste Management" }, { "word": "Performance Assessment" }, { "word": "Irradiated Graphite" }, { "word": "High Temperature Gas Reactor" }, { "word": "Sustainable Design" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-24T16:38:08.506994-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-24T17:09:05.580715-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-24T17:09:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5PJ38", "authors": [ { "pk": 128275, "first_name": "Liam", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hines", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126556, "first_name": "Haruko", "middle_name": "Murakami", "last_name": "Wainwright", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133878, "first_name": "Lance", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Snead", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128277, "first_name": "Craig", "middle_name": "H", "last_name": "Benson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133879, "first_name": "Anthony", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wickham", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Engineering" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Graphite Repository Paper EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12319/download/22025/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12421, "title": "Variation in Dissolved Oxygen Levels Between Agricultural and Protected Streams in Loudoun County, Virginia", "abstract": "Agricultural runoff can reduce dissolved oxygen (DO) in streams and increase the risk of hypoxia for aquatic organisms. We monitored four streams in Loudoun County, Virginia for four weeks to compare DO dynamics between two agricultural sites and two protected forested sites, and to observe the response to a 1.3 inch storm event. Sites were sampled twice daily for DO and related water quality parameters, with weekly nutrient samples. Agricultural streams had substantially lower mean DO than protected streams and a larger share of measurements below the 5.0 mg/L stress threshold. After the storm, DO in agricultural streams dropped sharply while protected sites remained within healthy ranges, suggesting reduced resilience to runoff pulses. These results indicate that agricultural land use is associated with chronic DO impairment and greater vulnerability to storm-driven hypoxia, and they support management strategies such as riparian buffer restoration and nutrient and runoff control", "license": { "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nBY-NC-SA Compatible License means a license listed at creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicense Elements means the license attributes listed in the name of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this Public License are Attribution, NonCommercial, and ShareAlike.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nAdditional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material. Every recipient of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions of the Adapter’s License You apply.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nShareAlike.\r\nIn addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.\r\n\r\nThe Adapter’s License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-NC-SA Compatible License.\r\nYou must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "dissolved oxygen" }, { "word": "hypoxia" }, { "word": "agricultural runoff" }, { "word": "eutrophication" }, { "word": "nitrite toxicity" }, { "word": "nitrate pollution" }, { "word": "freshwater ecosystems" }, { "word": "oxidative stress" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-30T20:40:01.283205-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-04-01T13:30:34.448460-04:00", "date_published": "2026-04-01T13:30:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X57467", "authors": [ { "pk": 134284, "first_name": "Shray", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vij", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 134281, "first_name": "Ryan", "middle_name": "Seunoy", "last_name": "Nisay", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0009-0009-9348-8087" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "merged (pdf.io)-2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12421/download/22181/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12322, "title": "Accuracy, Robustness and Comprehensibility – Challenges in bottom-up energy system models", "abstract": "This work provides a comprehensive framework for addressing key research gaps in bottom-up energy system modeling. While the field has experienced significant advancements in recent decades, largely due to improvements in computational capabilities and data availability, current models face persistent challenges in accuracy, robustness, and comprehensibility. While numerous review papers have examined specific aspects of energy system modeling challenges, no comprehensive framework exists that synthesizes all major challenges facing bottom-up energy system models under a unified structure. We propose a novel classification system that organizes these challenges into three fundamental categories, offering a structured approach to understanding and addressing them. Our conceptual framework, based on literature synthesis, proposes a thematic classification based on accuracy, robustness and comprehensibility as three pillars to map the challenges faced by bottom-up energy system models. For accuracy, we analyze the critical dimensions of temporal, spatial, techno-economic, and sector-coupling resolution, along with the importance of sector disaggregation. For robustness, we examine methods for addressing uncertainty and comparing frameworks, models, and scenario results. For comprehensibility, we discuss the importance of transparency, participatory processes, behavioral integration, environmental impact assessment, and multi-level modeling alignment. This holistic framework not only synthesizes existing knowledge but also offers a new perspective on advancing the methodological frontier of decarbonization modeling. The result is a clear roadmap of the overall challenges facing energy system models, along with a mapping of the current state-of-the-art including innovative methods for addressing specific issues within each pillar. By addressing these interrelated challenges, researchers can develop more accurate, reliable, and policy-relevant models to better guide the global energy transition and decarbonization efforts, ultimately enhancing the field's contribution to sustainable energy development at multiple scales.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Energy Systems" }, { "word": "Energy Modeling" }, { "word": "Energy Scenarios" }, { "word": "Energy Planning" }, { "word": "Policies" }, { "word": "Technologies" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-24T17:00:16.234299-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-24T17:10:00.198533-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-24T17:09:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5JR1B", "authors": [ { "pk": 133880, "first_name": "Matteo Giacomo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Prina", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-3240-9156" }, { "pk": 133881, "first_name": "Michel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Noussan", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-4926-8369" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Electrical and Computer Engineering" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "PCLM-D-26-00117.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12322/download/22027/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12323, "title": "An assessment of small rural and micro-enterprises as pathways out of poverty. Insights from KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa", "abstract": "Rural poverty continues to pose a significant development challenge in South Africa, marked by pronounced inequality, persistent unemployment, and substantial dependence on social grants. The present study investigates whether household-level micro and small enterprises (MSEs) function as effective pathways out of poverty or primarily as coping mechanisms for survival in the Izingolweni area of KwaZulu-Natal. Employing a community-level cross-sectional design within a positivist paradigm, data were collected from 759 purposively selected household heads engaged in MSEs across sectors such as poultry, petty trade, and vending. Descriptive results show that 60.4% of participants receive government grants; however, formal savings (13.4%) and active product sales (13.9%) remain low. Multinomial logistic regression analysis demonstrates that education has a significant positive effect on participation in higher-potential sectors such as poultry and petty trading. The findings also reveal gender disparities, with male participants being four times more likely to engage in vending and showing significantly greater involvement of women in catering. Moreover, a prolonged investment duration was determined to enhance the probability of participation across nearly all enterprise categories. The results show that MSEs are important for survival, but they can't do much to help people get out of poverty because of structural problems like bad infrastructure and limited access to capital. The study concludes that focused business training and improved market access are essential to convert these survivalist enterprises into enduring catalysts for rural economic development.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Rural entrepreneurship" }, { "word": " Micro and small enterprises (MSEs)" }, { "word": " Poverty alleviation" }, { "word": " Livelihood strategies" }, { "word": " KwaZulu-Natal" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-24T17:00:17.318950-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-25T09:17:50.247897-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-25T09:17:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5F18T", "authors": [ { "pk": 133882, "first_name": "Onismo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Muzah", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133883, "first_name": "Liboster", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mwadzingeni", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "International and Area Studies" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "PSTR-D-26-00073.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12323/download/22028/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12459, "title": "Rethinking land take futures: A cellular automata-based spatial planning approach to model urban expansion and densification under divergent growth scenarios", "abstract": "Land take - the conversion of greenfield land into built-up areas - poses critical challenges for sustainable urban development. Addressing this issue requires understanding the balance between outward urban expansion and inward urban densification. This study employs a Multinomial Logistic Regression-based Cellular Automata (MNL-CA) model to simulate two different future scenarios of urban development till 2050 in Wallonia, Belgium - a region experiencing rapid urbanisation.\nThe model simulates two contrasting built-up demand scenarios. The first scenario is density-based, which follows a linear extrapolation of historical trends in built-up demand into the future. Conceptually, this scenario represents a gradual slowdown of urban expansion, indicating a shift to densification. The second applies a stress-test scenario in which urban expansion continues steadily through 2050.\nThe results reveal that under the density-based scenario referred to as Business-As-Usual (BAU), expansion rates decrease sharply, stabilising at approximately 0 hectares per day by 2040. This indicates a shift toward compact urban forms, albeit accompanied by a continuous decline in overall demand. By contrast, the growth-based scenario or Growth-As-Usual (GAU) produces ongoing expansion at around 2.5 hectares per day in 2050, highlighting the risks of uncontrolled land consumption. Spatial metrics further demonstrate that the density-based scenario fosters compact and contiguous development, whereas the growth-based scenario results in fragmented urban forms that challenge the resilience of spatial planning policies.\nBy evaluating both scenarios, our model provides a framework for stress-testing long-term development strategies, enabling more robust assessments for sustainable land-use policy.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Business-As-Usual" }, { "word": " Scenario Modelling" }, { "word": " Cellular Automata" }, { "word": " Spatial Planning" }, { "word": " Sustainable Cities and Communities" }, { "word": "Scenario Modelling" }, { "word": "Cellular Automata" }, { "word": "Spatial Planning" }, { "word": "Sustainable Cities and Communities" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-04-01T12:30:24.545719-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-04-01T13:38:24.949173-04:00", "date_published": "2026-04-01T13:38:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5ZN11", "authors": [ { "pk": 133691, "first_name": "Anasua", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chakraborty", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0003-2901-6324" }, { "pk": 134403, "first_name": "Ahmed", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mustafa", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 134404, "first_name": "Lien", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Poelmans", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 134405, "first_name": "Jacques", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Teller", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Environmental Studies" }, { "name": "Geographic Information Sciences" }, { "name": "Spatial Science" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "EarthArXiv_Manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12459/download/22226/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 10628, "title": "Reversal of extreme precipitation trends over the Northeast US in response to aggressive climate mitigation in GFDL SPEAR", "abstract": "<p>Rapid reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations are increasingly included in mitigation strategies, yet the response of regional climate extremes to such reductions remain highly uncertain. Here, we assess projected changes in extreme precipitation over the Northeast US under an aggressive overshoot mitigation pathway (SSP5-3.4OS), simulated by the fully coupled 25-km GFDL SPEAR climate model. In this scenario, hypothetical mitigation efforts are introduced starting in 2041, with net-negative GHG emissions achieved by the late 21st century. The frequency of extreme precipitation over the Northeast US increases through mid-century under higher radiative forcing but begins to decline following the sharp reductions in GHG concentrations. However, the rate of decrease exhibits pronounced seasonality. In the warm season, extreme precipitation frequency begins to decline shortly after GHG drawdown begins, returning by 2100 to levels comparable to those of the early 21st century. In the cold season, on the other hand, the response is delayed; the frequency of extreme precipitation continues rising for roughly a decade after the peak global mean warming and exhibits hysteresis behavior. By 2100, cold-season extremes only then return to mid-century levels. This delayed response in the cold season is spatially heterogeneous, suggesting that major metropolitan areas in the Northeast – with dense populations and vulnerable infrastructure – may experience different seasonal changes in response to the same climate migration efforts. These results highlight the benefit of climate mitigation in reducing extreme precipitation events, but also the complexity of regional climate responses, which can be modulated by seasonality, local-scale effects, and other factors.</p>", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "extreme precipitation" }, { "word": "Climate variability" }, { "word": "climate change" }, { "word": "overshoot" }, { "word": "Climate Mitigation" }, { "word": "Reversibility" }, { "word": "climate impacts" }, { "word": "climate models" }, { "word": "large ensembles" }, { "word": "future scenarios" }, { "word": "Northeast US" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-10-24T12:19:41.733000-04:00", "date_accepted": "2025-10-24T17:13:36.282000-04:00", "date_published": "2025-10-23T21:20:00-04:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae51a6", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X59443", "authors": [ { "pk": 122249, "first_name": "Bor-Ting", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jong", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 16938, "first_name": "Zachary", "middle_name": "Michael", "last_name": "Labe", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-6394-7651" }, { "pk": 105697, "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "L.", "last_name": "Delworth", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 105701, "first_name": "William", "middle_name": "F.", "last_name": "Cooke", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "NEUS_extreme_preicp_mitigation_Jong_etal_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/10628/download/19509/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12456, "title": "Platinum-Group Element systematics in the North Atlantic Igneous Province: new insights from Northern Irish and Irish magmatism", "abstract": "The North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP) is one of the most prospective regions for Ni-Cu-Platinum-Group Element (PGE) mineralisation in Europe, and recent studies have discovered elevated PGE concentrations within its early lavas and minor intrusions comprising the British and Irish Palaeogene Igneous Province (BIPIP). This study presents an extended digital map of the regional mafic dyke swarms associated with the BIPIP in Northern Ireland and Ireland and a comprehensive new geochemical dataset of these magma conduits, the Antrim Lava Group and associated minor intrusions, including PGE and Au analyses. Digital mapping using aerial electromagnetic data reveals a high density of dyke-related anomalies on the island of Ireland. Dyke density and orientation indicate at least one swarm originating from an onshore Palaeogene igneous centre (Slieve Gullion, Carlingford, possibly Dromore High), whilst others are likely propagating from submarine igneous centres in the North Atlantic. The origins and evolution of dyke swarms provide context for interpreting variations in PGE abundances. Previous authors have highlighted that early NAIP magmatic rocks (e.g., Greenland and Scotland) had high Pt/Pd ratios (~1.9), while younger sequences (e.g., Iceland) trend towards lower ratios (~0.4). Our data reveal that Irish BIPIP centres record a similar transition with an average Pt/Pd ratio of 1.6 ± 0.8, reflecting an evolving geodynamic setting where the magmatic conditions transitioned from intra-plate volcanism through to the inception of continental rifting and ocean opening. A close spatiotemporal association between variable Pt/Pd in BIPIP rocks in Ireland and high Pt/Pd in BIPIP rocks in Scotland suggests that the geodynamic transition occurred within a geologically short time interval (<1 Myr). Results from our samples attest to widespread sulphide saturation, supporting the potential for orthomagmatic Ni-Cu-PGE mineralisation within related central complexes or magmatic feeder networks.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "North Atlantic Igneous Province" }, { "word": " British and Irish Palaeogene Igneous Province" }, { "word": " Icelandic plume" }, { "word": " Platinum Group Elements" }, { "word": " Dykes" }, { "word": "British and Irish Palaeogene Igneous Province" }, { "word": "Icelandic plume" }, { "word": "Platinum Group Elements" }, { "word": "Dykes" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-04-01T11:40:48.775279-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-04-01T13:49:07.910363-04:00", "date_published": "2026-04-01T13:49:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5KF52", "authors": [ { "pk": 134396, "first_name": "Anna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Morrison", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133413, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Stock", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133415, "first_name": "Mark", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cooper", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133416, "first_name": "Jens", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Andersen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 134397, "first_name": "Hannah", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hughes", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 111617, "first_name": "Elliot", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Carter", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133279, "first_name": "Jack", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Beckwith", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 16396, "first_name": "Iain", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "McDonald", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 134398, "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kerr", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 134399, "first_name": "Paul", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mohr", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Other Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Volcanology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "A_Morrison_PGE_manucript_SUBMITTED.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12456/download/22224/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12460, "title": "First Empirical Measurement of k G on Mars via InSight/ELYSE Seismic Data: A Two-Planet Validation of the Gasque Compliance", "abstract": "We present the first empirical measurement of the Gasque compliance index k\nG\n= π × f₀ / (Q ×\nV\ns\n) on Mars, using 8.3 GB of InSight/ELYSE broadband seismic data (XB network, 2019–2022)\nprocessed with the Harmonic Matched Filter (HMF) pipeline. From 4,645,686 stacked PSD\nwindows and 91 candidate frequencies tested via permutation (N = 1,000), five spectral\nfeatures are recovered at p < 0.05, including a harmonic series at f₀ = 0.95, 1.90, and 3.80 Hz\n(ratio 1:2:4) consistent with a resonant crustal structure at approximately 315 m depth. The\nempirical k\nG\nfor Martian basalt at Elysium Planitia is k\nG\n= 0.00455 ± 0.00199 /km, within 30.5%\nof the theoretical prediction k\nG\n= π × 1.0 Hz / (400 × 1.2 km/s) = 0.00654 /km. Combined with\nthe terrestrial validation across 23 FDSN stations (Gasque, 2026a, 2026b), the master curve k\nG\n∝ 1/Q now spans two planets and four orders of magnitude in k\nG\n, consistent with a power-law\nexponent β = 2.50 (r² = 0.228). These results demonstrate the cross-planetary transferability of\na single-station passive seismic compliance index derived entirely from public open-access\narchives.\nPlain Language Summary: We used NASA's InSight seismometer on Mars to measure a new\nindex — k\nG\n— that describes how seismic waves attenuate in rock. The same index was\npreviously measured on Earth using data from the Valley of the Kings in Egypt and other\ngeological sites. Our Mars measurement agrees with theoretical predictions to within 31%,\nconfirming that k\nG\nis a universal property of rock that holds across planets.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Mars seismology" }, { "word": "InSight" }, { "word": "ELYSE" }, { "word": "kG compliance index" }, { "word": "seismic attenuation" }, { "word": "HMF" }, { "word": "Elysium Planitia" }, { "word": "2-planet validation" }, { "word": "open data" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-04-01T15:55:23.694432-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-04-01T16:49:35.891867-04:00", "date_published": "2026-04-01T16:49:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5FN34", "authors": [ { "pk": 134203, "first_name": "benjamin", "middle_name": "gasque", "last_name": "gasque", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/ 0009-0003-7018-5813" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Planetary Geophysics and Seismology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Article-25-kG-Mars-InSight-GRL-3.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12460/download/22229/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12443, "title": "Stress testing insurance market stability under climate risk", "abstract": "<p>Extreme weather events exert increasing pressure on communities in hazard-prone areas and on the systems designed to protect them. Insurance serves as a risk-transfer mechanism, providing financial security for homeowners and supporting community resilience. Yet, behind this first layer of protection lies a complex web of reinsurers, capital markets, and public institutions that absorb and redistribute disaster risk. Intensifying climate hazards, continued coastal development, and evolving market dynamics threaten the stability of this network. Here, we develop a risk-propagation model to assess whether single or sequential tropical cyclones striking Florida could generate systemic financial stress across the property-insurance system. The model links physics-based, probabilistic simulations of tropical cyclone wind and flood losses with data on the Florida residential insurance market, its backstop mechanisms, and regulatory frameworks. By tracing how losses cascade as capital constraints and contractual thresholds bind, we evaluate systemic risk under present-day conditions, future climate scenarios, and alternative market and adaptation configurations within the same quantitative architecture. We estimate an annual 4% probability that total public burden exceeds 1% of Florida’s GDP, indicating that extreme tropical cyclone seasons can overwhelm private market capacity and shift costs to public institutions. Vulnerabilities differ across institutional layers, with post-insolvency mechanisms, residual markets, and the NFIP exhibiting greater sensitivity to extreme and sequential events than formal reinsurance limits. Although we focus on Florida in this proof-of-concept study, this approach provides a transferable template for quantitatively stress-testing insurance systems and evaluating how climate change, market dynamics, and adaptation strategies reshape systemic disaster risk.</p>", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Climate risks" }, { "word": "tropical cyclone risk" }, { "word": "disaster insurance" }, { "word": "systemic financial risks" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-04-01T14:14:21.251176-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-04-01T16:50:42.418350-04:00", "date_published": "2026-04-01T16:50:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X59X9X", "authors": [ { "pk": 13752, "first_name": "Simona", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Meiler", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 134354, "first_name": "Steven", "middle_name": "I", "last_name": "Jackson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 47943, "first_name": "Kerry", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Emanuel", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 16616, "first_name": "Noah", "middle_name": "S", "last_name": "Diffenbaugh", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 134353, "first_name": "Jack", "middle_name": "W.", "last_name": "Baker", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Other Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Other Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Risk Analysis" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Systemic_risk_manuscript___Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12443/download/22207/" }, { "original_filename": "Meiler_systemic-insurance-risk_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12443/download/22209/" }, { "original_filename": "Meiler_systemic-insurance-risk_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12443/download/22208/" }, { "original_filename": "Meiler_systemic-insurance-risk_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12443/download/22210/" }, { "original_filename": "Meiler_systemic-insurance-risk_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12443/download/22232/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12321, "title": "Uncertainty-Aware Bayesian Machine Learning for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping: in the Chattogram Metropolitan Hill System, Bangladesh", "abstract": "Landslide-prone hilly regions experiencing rapid urban expansion need susceptibility models that provide both robust predictive performance and transparent uncertainty estimates. This study develops an uncertainty-aware probabilistic framework for landslide susceptibility mapping in Bangladesh’s Chattogram metropolitan hill system, incorporating 14 conditioning factors: geomorphological, hydrological, environmental, and anthropogenic. Multicollinearity analysis, i.e., VIF and tolerance, verified the statistical stability of the predictors. We compared four classifiers, Bayesian Logistic Regression, Gaussian Process Classifier, L2-regularized Logistic Regression, and Random Forest, within a standardized preprocessing pipeline. Models were evaluated using cross-validation, holdout testing, and spatial block validation, with metrics for discrimination, robustness, and calibration. Random Forest had the strongest discrimination (ROC-AUC = 0.866; MCC = 0.611) on the holdout set, while the Gaussian Process Classifier showed better probability calibration (ECE = 0.084) with competitive discrimination (ROC-AUC = 0.821) among Bayesian models. Susceptibility and uncertainty were combined in a 3×3 scheme to visualize hazard and confidence. Mapping showed that 78.71% of landslides were in the Very High class, covering only 9.47% of the area (SCAI = 0.12). These results show that uncertainty-aware Bayesian modeling with bivariate spatial integration enhances interpretability and provides transparent hazard assessments in data-limited urban hill areas.[", "license": { "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Landslide susceptibility; Bayesian inference; Gaussian processes; Uncertainty quantification; SCAI." } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-25T14:19:22.080081-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-25T14:43:10.387943-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-25T14:42:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X55J40", "authors": [ { "pk": 133877, "first_name": "Golam", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Murad", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0009-0006-7232-1788" }, { "pk": 133913, "first_name": "Md. Aftabur", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rahman", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133914, "first_name": "Shotabdy", "middle_name": "Chowdhury", "last_name": "Srabony", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133915, "first_name": "Shafiq", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mahmud", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Engineering" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Bayesian LSM_CMA.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12321/download/22047/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://github.com/murad-geoAi/LSM_ChittagongMetropolitonArea", "label": "GitHub Repository" } ] }, { "pk": 12336, "title": "A Systematic Review of Arsenic, Lead, and Manganese Occurrence through Drinking Water in East Africa", "abstract": "Toxic metals (TMs) harm human health, causing cancers, irreversible neurocognitive impairment, and cardiovascular disease. Drinking water is an important source of exposure to TMs. However, current peer-reviewed literature does not adequately capture or synthesize the extent of TM occurrence in drinking water in East Africa. The goal of this systematic review is to report and synthesize available evidence on the occurrence of TMs in drinking water across the region.\nA global systematic review of TMs in drinking water was recently conducted by Fisher et al., and data from East Africa were used for this analysis. A search of studies from PubMed, EBSCO Global Health, and Web of Science was conducted in 2019, with a search update in March 2025. We included studies published in English after 1968 that included a primary measurement of at least one TM of interest in drinking water in the region.\nIn total, 111 studies (of the 3,993 reported in the larger systematic review) met these criteria. Among TMs of health concern, sufficient East African observations were available for Arsenic, Lead, and Manganese, making these the focus of this regional review. For each metal, average concentrations and the percentage of observations exceeding World Health Organization Guideline Values were calculated, with further analysis of observations by Urban and Rural and by Joint Monitoring Programme Improved and Unimproved categorization. 24%, 17%, and 31% of observations of Arsenic, Lead, and Manganese exceeded their respective WHO Guideline Values. Additionally, many urban centers and large portions of the region were geographically underrepresented in the literature. The synthesized data are sufficient to recommend primary prevention and progressive remediation efforts to prevent and minimize exposure to TMs in drinking water across East Africa. Nevertheless, substantive literature gaps remain, indicating a need for further research across much of the region.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Toxic Metals" }, { "word": "Drinking Water" }, { "word": "East Africa" }, { "word": "Arsenic" }, { "word": "Manganese" }, { "word": "Lead" }, { "word": "Cadmium" }, { "word": "Public Health" }, { "word": "Heavy Metals" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-25T17:00:15.350298-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-25T19:10:22.656470-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-25T19:10:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5X19J", "authors": [ { "pk": 133928, "first_name": "Clay", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Burgess", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0009-0004-7649-9044" }, { "pk": 133929, "first_name": "Sophia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "McReynolds", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0009-0008-4043-9110" }, { "pk": 133930, "first_name": "Cash", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mendenhall", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 110395, "first_name": "Timothy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Purvis", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0009-0009-2223-4899" }, { "pk": 133931, "first_name": "Argaw", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ambelu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 85251, "first_name": "Ryan D.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cronk", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-0157-4447" }, { "pk": 133546, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fisher", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-0159-8238" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "PWAT-D-26-00048.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12336/download/22053/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11136, "title": "Influence of sea surface temperature patterns and mean warming on past and future Atlantic hurricane activity", "abstract": "<p>This study investigates the relative contributions of large-scale thermodynamic and dynamic processes to multidecadal changes in Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) activity, spanning the historical record since the late 19th century, and extending to 2100 projections. We employ a framework that decomposes TC counts into precursor disturbances that transition into fully developed storms, applied to multi-ensemble simulations of two TC-permitting atmospheric models forced with observationally-constrained and projected sea surface temperatures (SSTs). This design allows us to isolate the effects of patterns of SST change from global mean warming on Atlantic TC activity. Our results show that multidecadal trends in TC frequency are primarily governed by two thermodynamic variables: potential intensity and moist entropy deficit. In the historical record, these variables reinforced one another, producing more robust trends in TC activity. In contrast, future projections suggest opposing influences, with one variable (potential intensity) becoming more favorable for TCs while the other (moist entropy deficit) becomes less favorable, leading to increased uncertainty in TC projections. We trace this shift to differences in relative warming between the tropical Atlantic and the broader tropics, underscoring that regional SST patterns—rather than the global mean warming rate—control both past variability and projected future changes in TC activity. Constraining future patterns of warming is therefore essential for improving the reliability of TC projections.</p>", "license": { "name": "No Creative Commons license", "short_name": "No CC license", "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.", "url": "https://escholarship.org" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "tropical cyclones" }, { "word": "Climate modeling" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-11T16:56:22.818000-05:00", "date_accepted": "2025-12-11T18:44:33.123000-05:00", "date_published": "2025-12-11T18:44:00-05:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5FX8S", "authors": [ { "pk": 125724, "first_name": "Emma", "middle_name": "Lilly", "last_name": "Levin", "salutation": "Miss", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6390, "first_name": "Gabriel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vecchi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4193, "first_name": "Wenchang", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yang", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0003-0053-9527" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Jclim_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11136/download/20276/" }, { "original_filename": "Jclim_03_25.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11136/download/22054/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12335, "title": "Trade Openness, Monetary Policy Shocks, and Welfare in Malawi: A Structural VAR Approach.", "abstract": "Small open economies face complex interactions between external trade dynamics and domestic monetary policy. For Malawi, persistent inflation, exchange rate instability, and dependence on primary commodity exports raise important questions about the relative roles of trade openness and monetary policy in shaping welfare outcomes. This study examines how trade and monetary shocks affect welfare, proxied by GDP per capita, and identifies which source of disturbance dominates welfare fluctuations. Using annual data from 1981–2024 sourced from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators, the study employs a Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) framework. Variables include trade openness, inflation, real interest rates, and log GDP per capita. Stationarity is tested using Clemente-Montañés-Reyes and Augmented Dickey-Fuller procedures. A VAR (1) model is selected based on information criteria, and identification restrictions follow a recursive structure in which trade openness is treated as the most exogenous variable. Impulse response functions and forecast error variance decomposition (FEVD) are used to evaluate dynamic effects. The results show that trade openness shocks generate an initial positive response in welfare growth, followed by a short-lived negative adjustment before convergence to equilibrium. Monetary policy shocks exhibit negligible and statistically insignificant effects on welfare across horizons. Variance decomposition shows that trade shocks explain approximately 15-20% of welfare fluctuations, while monetary policy shocks account for less than 5%. In conclusion welfare dynamics in Malawi are predominantly driven by external trade disturbances rather than domestic monetary innovations. Strengthening export diversification and structural resilience may therefore yield greater welfare gains than reliance on conventional monetary policy tools alone.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Trade openness" }, { "word": "Monetary policy shocks" }, { "word": "Structural vector auto regression (SVAR)" }, { "word": "Welfare" }, { "word": "Malawi" }, { "word": "Impulse response functions" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-25T17:00:14.747690-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-25T19:09:38.114101-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-25T19:09:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X51R1P", "authors": [ { "pk": 133924, "first_name": "Redson", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mwandama", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133925, "first_name": "Martin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Munthali", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0009-0003-6591-0347" }, { "pk": 133926, "first_name": "Steven Henry", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dunga", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133927, "first_name": "Dadirai", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mkombe", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "International and Area Studies" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "PONE-D-26-14049.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12335/download/22052/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12463, "title": "A new diagnostic of air-sea interaction reveals ocean control of turbulent heat flux in the South Asian Summer Monsoon", "abstract": "Air-sea interaction plays a central role in the South Asian summer monsoon, with processes such as surface turbulent heat fluxes, upper ocean mechanical mixing, surface buoyancy forcing, and surface moisture fluxes providing bridges between the ocean and atmosphere. The air-sea heat flux responds to internal variability in the ocean and atmosphere, as well as feedbacks arising from their interaction. Depending on whether SST drives turbulent heat flux or vice-versa, one may diagnose the air-sea heat exchange as being in an ocean-controlled regime or an atmosphere-controlled regime. We develop a method to quantify the air-sea interaction regime at each location and yearday by analyzing lagged correlations between SST and turbulent heat flux records from satellite data or reanalysis. We apply this method to the northern Indian Ocean and find that the basin exhibits a coherent shift from atmosphere control to ocean control during the summer monsoon onset and a return to atmosphere control during the monsoon retreat. This finding emphasizes the importance of oceanic processes such as entrainment and advection in monsoon dynamics. The Arabian Sea exhibits a more pronounced shift between atmosphere and ocean control than the Bay of Bengal, suggesting the importance of upper-ocean stratification and mixing in determining the turbulent heat flux in response to the monsoon wind. We find good agreement between the regimes diagnosed from blended satellite products and reanalysis, showing robustness of the results across datasets. Our method may provide a useful diagnostic for verifying air-sea interaction within coupled models of the ocean and atmosphere.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "air-sea interaction" }, { "word": "monsoon" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-04-02T01:07:41.846049-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-04-02T09:50:58.912566-04:00", "date_published": "2026-04-02T09:50:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X56479", "authors": [ { "pk": 134423, "first_name": "Alex", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kinsella", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0003-3586-686X" }, { "pk": 130032, "first_name": "Amala", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mahadevan", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" }, { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Oceanography" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "ASTraL_ASI_Regimes_260401_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12463/download/22236/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 7752, "title": "VolFe: an open-source Python package for calculating melt-vapor equilibria including silicate melt, carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, and noble gases", "abstract": "<p>VolFe is an open-source flexible and adaptable thermodynamic framework in Python for calculating the equilibrium composition of melt and vapor. VolFe considers basaltic through rhyolitic melts including the volatiles carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, and the noble gases. VolFe models both reduced and oxidised systems due to the range of melt and vapor species included. Hence, VolFe is applicable to terrestrial (e.g., mid-ocean ridges to arcs) and extra-terrestrial (e.g., the Moon and Mars) systems. New parameterisations of “model-dependent variables” (e.g., volatile solubility functions, sulfide-saturation conditions, fugacity coefficients, etc.) can be added as new experimental studies come out, enhancing VolFe’s future applicability. The main calculations currently included in VolFe are the pressure of vapor-saturation based on the dissolved volatile content of melts; H<sub>2</sub>O-CO<sub>2</sub> isobars, open- and closed-system degassing and regassing; an oxybarometer based on the melt sulfur content; and uncertainty propagation of the input melt compositions on calculation outputs. As an example, we apply VolFe to melt inclusion and submarine pillow glass data from the Marianas arc.</p>", "license": { "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "volatiles" }, { "word": "thermodynamic" }, { "word": "" }, { "word": " degassing" }, { "word": " open-source" }, { "word": " melt" }, { "word": " vapor" }, { "word": "degassing" }, { "word": "Open-source" }, { "word": "Melt" }, { "word": "vapor" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-09-24T20:47:01.992000-04:00", "date_accepted": "2024-09-25T04:58:34.190000-04:00", "date_published": "2024-09-25T09:58:00-04:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.30909/vol/imvc1781", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X52X3G", "authors": [ { "pk": 4950, "first_name": "Ery", "middle_name": "Catherine", "last_name": "Hughes", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8156, "first_name": "Philippa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liggins", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 16819, "first_name": "Penny", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wieser", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9195, "first_name": "Edward", "middle_name": "M.", "last_name": "Stolper", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Hughes_VolFe_main_text_SM.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/7752/download/14680/" }, { "original_filename": "Hughes_VolFe_maintext_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/7752/download/17390/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://github.com/eryhughes/VolFe", "label": "Supplementary File" } ] }, { "pk": 12343, "title": "Analyzing Seasonal Variations in Air Quality with Google Earth Engine: A Case Study of Chattogram, Bangladesh", "abstract": "Air pollution is a serious environmental challenge in Bangladesh, significantly\naffecting public health and the ecosystem. This study considers analyzing the seasonal\nfluctuation of air quality in Chattogram by analyzing 13 significant areas near the industrial\nzone by using Google Earth Engine (GEE) to explore the SENTINEL-5P satellite data for key\npollutants, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO),\nand QGIS for mapping purposes. The datasets were assessed through four different seasons:\nwinter (December - February), pre-monsoon (March - June), monsoon (July - September), and\npost-monsoon (October - November). It is found that significant trends over the seasons—\nwhere the winter shows the maximum level of pollutant concentrations, i.e., NO2 shows\n0.000200 mol/m2 in Patiya and 0.000059 mol/m2 at Bayezid Bostami in the monsoon, and SO2\nshows 0.000394526 mol/m2 in Chittagong Port and 0.0000152 mol/m2 in the monsoon period\nin Bakalia. The variation intensely indicates the changes in concentrations of pollutants over\nthe season and has a strong negative correlation between precipitation, temperature, humidity,\nand wind velocity. The monsoon season enhances air quality, effectively dispersing rainfall and\nsignificantly lowering pollutant levels. Furthermore, the analysis highlights the hotspots or\nsources of the pollutant all over the year. This study enhances policymakers' understanding of\nurban air quality by providing actionable strategies to reduce air pollution.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Air Quality" }, { "word": "Seasonal Variation" }, { "word": "Google Earth Engine" }, { "word": "Sentinel-5P" }, { "word": "PM2.5" }, { "word": "TROPOMI" }, { "word": "Remote Sensing" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-26T07:00:07.080241-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-26T09:55:07.786189-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-26T09:55:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5S767", "authors": [ { "pk": 133943, "first_name": "MD. Minaruzzaman", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shovon", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0009-0002-6914-9797" }, { "pk": 133953, "first_name": "Md.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tamim", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "ANALYZING SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN AIR QUALITY WITH GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12343/download/22066/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12344, "title": "Seasonal Anomaly Detection in the Halda River Using a Multivariate Deep Learning Framework", "abstract": "Monitoring river water quality is essential to preserving \necological integrity, especially in ecologically significant \nrivers like the Halda, which is renowned for its natural \nfreshwater carp spawning. This study presents a deep \nlearning-based approach using a deep autoencoder neural \nnetwork for unsupervised anomaly detection in water quality \ndata. Two-year time-series data including daily measurements \nof pH, turbidity, alkalinity, and chloride concentration was \nutilized. The autoencoder learns compressed representations \nof normal water behavior and flags anomalies based on \nelevated reconstruction errors. Temporal features such as \nmonth and climate-based seasons (Dry, Pre-Monsoon, Monsoon, \nand Post-Monsoon) were added to enhance interpretability. \nThe model successfully detected nine anomalous days, with \n78% occurring during the dry season due to low freshwater \ndischarge and salinity intrusion. The developed model enables \nearly detection of abnormal shifts in water quality and \nprovides actionable insights for stakeholders and \npolicymakers for timely environmental interventions.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Halda River" }, { "word": "Anomaly Detection" }, { "word": "Water Quality" }, { "word": "Unsupervised Deep Learning" }, { "word": "Seasonal Analysis" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-26T07:35:20.871662-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-27T03:52:46.847617-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-27T03:52:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5C186", "authors": [ { "pk": 133943, "first_name": "MD. Minaruzzaman", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shovon", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0009-0002-6914-9797" }, { "pk": 133954, "first_name": "H A", "middle_name": "Hossain", "last_name": "Tamjid", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0009-0004-9021-7146" }, { "pk": 133953, "first_name": "Md.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tamim", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Mechanical Engineering" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Seasonal Anomaly Detection in the Halda River Using a MultivariateDeep Learning Framework.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12344/download/22068/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 9522, "title": "Multi-component Rayleigh wave dispersion analysis for Vs-depth profiling of Glaciers", "abstract": "<p> <!-- [if gte mso 9]&amp;gt;&amp;lt;xml&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;o:OfficeDocumentSettings&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;o:AllowPNG/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;/o:OfficeDocumentSettings&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;/xml&amp;gt;&amp;lt;![endif]--> <!-- [if gte mso 9]&amp;gt;&amp;lt;xml&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:WordDocument&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:View&amp;gt;Normal&amp;lt;/w:View&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:Zoom&amp;gt;0&amp;lt;/w:Zoom&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:TrackMoves&amp;gt;false&amp;lt;/w:TrackMoves&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:TrackFormatting/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&amp;gt;false&amp;lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&amp;gt;false&amp;lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&amp;gt;false&amp;lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LidThemeOther&amp;gt;EN-US&amp;lt;/w:LidThemeOther&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LidThemeAsian&amp;gt;X-NONE&amp;lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&amp;gt;X-NONE&amp;lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:Compatibility&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:OverrideTableStyleHps/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;/w:Compatibility&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;m:mathPr&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;m:mathFont m:val=&amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;m:brkBin m:val=&amp;quot;before&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;m:brkBinSub m:val=&amp;quot;&amp;amp;#45;-&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;m:smallFrac m:val=&amp;quot;off&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;m:dispDef/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;m:lMargin m:val=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;m:rMargin m:val=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;m:defJc m:val=&amp;quot;centerGroup&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;m:wrapIndent m:val=&amp;quot;1440&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;m:intLim m:val=&amp;quot;subSup&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;m:naryLim m:val=&amp;quot;undOvr&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;/m:mathPr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/w:WordDocument&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;/xml&amp;gt;&amp;lt;![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]&amp;gt;&amp;lt;xml&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; 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UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;index 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;index 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;index 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;index 7&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;index 8&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;index 9&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;39&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;toc 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;39&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;toc 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;39&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;toc 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;39&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;toc 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;39&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;toc 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;39&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;toc 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;39&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;toc 7&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;39&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;toc 8&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;39&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;toc 9&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Normal Indent&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;footnote text&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;annotation text&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;header&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;footer&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;index heading&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;35&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;caption&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;table of figures&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;envelope address&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;envelope return&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;footnote reference&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;annotation reference&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;line number&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;page number&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;endnote reference&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;endnote text&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;table of authorities&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;macro&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;toa heading&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Bullet&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Number&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Bullet 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Bullet 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Bullet 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Bullet 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Number 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Number 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Number 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Number 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Title&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Closing&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Signature&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Default Paragraph Font&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Body Text&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Body Text Indent&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Continue&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Continue 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Continue 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Continue 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Continue 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Message Header&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;11&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Subtitle&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Salutation&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Date&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Body Text First Indent&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Body Text First Indent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Note Heading&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Body Text 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Body Text 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Body Text Indent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Body Text Indent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Block Text&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Hyperlink&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;FollowedHyperlink&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;22&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Strong&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;20&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Emphasis&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Document Map&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Plain Text&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;E-mail Signature&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;HTML Top of Form&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;HTML Bottom of Form&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Normal (Web)&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;HTML Acronym&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;HTML Address&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;HTML Cite&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;HTML Code&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;HTML Definition&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;HTML Keyboard&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;HTML Preformatted&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;HTML Sample&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;HTML Typewriter&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;HTML Variable&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Normal Table&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;annotation subject&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;No List&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Outline List 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Outline List 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Outline List 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Simple 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Simple 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Simple 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Classic 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Classic 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Classic 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Classic 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Colorful 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Colorful 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Colorful 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Columns 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Columns 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Columns 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Columns 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Columns 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Grid 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Grid 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Grid 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Grid 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Grid 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Grid 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Grid 7&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Grid 8&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table List 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table List 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table List 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table List 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table List 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table List 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table List 7&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table List 8&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table 3D effects 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table 3D effects 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table 3D effects 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Contemporary&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Elegant&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Professional&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Subtle 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Subtle 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Web 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Web 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Web 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Balloon Text&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;39&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Table Grid&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Theme&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Placeholder Text&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;No Spacing&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;60&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Shading&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;61&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light List&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;62&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Grid&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;63&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;64&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;65&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;66&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;67&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;68&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;69&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;70&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Dark List&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;71&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Shading&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;72&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful List&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;73&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Grid&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;60&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;61&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light List Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;62&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;63&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;64&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;65&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Revision&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;34&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Paragraph&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;29&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Quote&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;30&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Intense Quote&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;66&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;67&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;68&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;69&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;70&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Dark List Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;71&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;72&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;73&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;60&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;61&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light List Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;62&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;63&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;64&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;65&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;66&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;67&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;68&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;69&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;70&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Dark List Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;71&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;72&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;73&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;60&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;61&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light List Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;62&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;63&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;64&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;65&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;66&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;67&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;68&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;69&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;70&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Dark List Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;71&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;72&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;73&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;60&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;61&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light List Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;62&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;63&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;64&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;65&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;66&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;67&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;68&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;69&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;70&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Dark List Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;71&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;72&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;73&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;60&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;61&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light List Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;62&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;63&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;64&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;65&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;66&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;67&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;68&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;69&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;70&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Dark List Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;71&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;72&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;73&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;60&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;61&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light List Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;62&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;63&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;64&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;65&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;66&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;67&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;68&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;69&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;70&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Dark List Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;71&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;72&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;73&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;19&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Subtle Emphasis&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;21&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Intense Emphasis&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;31&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Subtle Reference&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;32&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Intense Reference&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;33&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Book Title&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;37&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Bibliography&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;39&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;TOC Heading&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;41&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Plain Table 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;42&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Plain Table 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;43&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Plain Table 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;44&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Plain Table 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;45&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Plain Table 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;40&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table Light&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;47&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;48&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;49&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;50&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;51&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;52&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;47&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;48&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;49&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;50&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;51&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;52&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;47&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;48&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;49&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;50&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;51&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;52&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;47&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;48&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;49&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;50&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;51&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;52&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;47&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;48&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;49&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;50&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;51&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;52&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;47&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;48&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;49&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;50&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;51&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;52&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;47&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;48&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;49&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;50&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;51&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;52&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 1 Light&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;47&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;48&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;49&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;50&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;51&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;52&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;47&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;48&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;49&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;50&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;51&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;52&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;47&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;48&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;49&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;50&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;51&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;52&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;47&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;48&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;49&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;50&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;51&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;52&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;47&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;48&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;49&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;50&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;51&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;52&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; 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SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Smart Hyperlink&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Hashtag&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Unresolved Mention&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Smart Link&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;/w:LatentStyles&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;/xml&amp;gt;&amp;lt;![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;style&amp;gt;\n /* Style Definitions */\n table.MsoNormalTable\n\t{mso-style-name:&amp;quot;Table Normal&amp;quot;;\n\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n\tmso-style-noshow:yes;\n\tmso-style-priority:99;\n\tmso-style-parent:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;;\n\tmso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n\tmso-para-margin-top:0in;\n\tmso-para-margin-right:0in;\n\tmso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt;\n\tmso-para-margin-left:0in;\n\tline-height:115%;\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\n\tfont-family:&amp;quot;Aptos&amp;quot;,sans-serif;\n\tmso-ascii-font-family:Aptos;\n\tmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n\tmso-hansi-font-family:Aptos;\n\tmso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n\tmso-font-kerning:1.0pt;\n\tmso-ligatures:standardcontextual;}\n&amp;lt;/style&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Seismic ice velocity estimates provide quantitative constraints on glacial systems, including ice thickness, englacial structure, and bedrock topography. Velocity modeling using active-source seismic is often challenged by sub-optimal surveys due to complex field logistics. This study provides a practical guide for leveraging three-component (3-C) receivers in glacial seismic surveys to constrain potentially heterogeneous ice velocities through Rayleigh-wave dispersion analysis. We combine vertical and horizontal-radial displacement information via a complex summation in the shot-gather domain, producing a combined-complex (CC) component. The CC dispersion panels improve the low-frequency picks in the positive-frequency range, where dispersion importantly reflects progradational particle motion interacting with the ice-bedrock interface. We demonstrate the CC approach on a limited-aperture 3-C dataset collected on the Saskatchewan Glacier in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, supported by a series of synthetic studies that provide data-conditioning guidance and methodological intuition. We model Rayleigh-wave behavior in glacial stratigraphy to illustrate the sensitivities of radial displacement compared to traditional vertical-component waveforms, and to provide a general understanding of glacial-ice Rayleigh-wave behavior, which has not been fully explored in the literature. Our work thus provides practical strategies that complement CC-component dispersion analysis on glacial ice with limited geophones, enabling improved depth constraints from logistically limited surveys.</p>\n<p><!--EndFragment--></p>", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Seismology" }, { "word": "multicomponent" }, { "word": "rayleigh" }, { "word": "glaciers" }, { "word": "Surface waves" }, { "word": "3-C" }, { "word": "firn aquifer" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-06-27T10:32:47.009000-04:00", "date_accepted": "2025-06-27T14:52:56.640000-04:00", "date_published": "2025-06-27T14:52:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5D15C", "authors": [ { "pk": 110790, "first_name": "Samara", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Garvey", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 25182, "first_name": "Matthew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Siegfried", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 12475, "first_name": "Jeffrey", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shragge", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 65561, "first_name": "Lucas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zoet", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 65560, "first_name": "Dougal", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hansen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 108271, "first_name": "Nathan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Stevens", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "JOG-2025-0090_Proof_hi.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/9522/download/17750/" }, { "original_filename": "JOG-2026-0029_Proof_hi (1).pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/9522/download/22243/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12349, "title": "InSARLite: An Open-Source GUI for Streamlined InSAR Time Series Processing", "abstract": "Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is a powerful technique for measuring surface deformation at high spatial resolution over large areas. Despite its demonstrated value across geohazards and Earth-surface processes, broader adoption is often limited by the complexity of end-to-end processing workflows and the technical overhead required to execute them. To reduce this barrier, we present InSARLite, an open-source Python graphical user interface that streamlines Sentinel-1 time-series processing while retaining user control over key processing decisions. InSARLite is designed to cover the complete processing chain, from software installation and project setup to raw SAR data ingestion and deformation time-series products, by wrapping the GMTSAR processing chain and guiding users through a stepwise interface. Rather than fully black-box automation, the workflow is designed to support interactive inspection and parameter selection based on outputs from preceding stages. The software automates routine tasks commonly handled through command-line scripting, including data querying and retrieval, orbit-file acquisition, baseline estimation and network design, interferogram generation, unwrapping, and time-series inversion using Small Baseline Subset approaches. InSARLite also introduces guided decision support features, including master-image selection based on baseline centrality, interactive network inspection and editing, and optional masking through an intuitive interface using mean-correlation thresholds, manual delineation, or a combination of both. Interferograms are unwrapped after defining a correlation threshold and the number of cores while respecting the optional mask if provided, and a user-defined reference point is used to normalize unwrapped interferograms prior to time-series analysis. InSARLite further integrates optional atmospheric correction using the Generic Atmospheric Correction Online Service and supports interactive visualization and export of deformation time series. We demonstrate the capabilities of InSARLite using a fatal rainfall-triggered landslide that occurred on 8 December 2024 in northeastern Türkiye, evaluating whether the failed hillslope exhibited detectable precursory deformation.", "license": { "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "InSAR" }, { "word": "GMTSAR" }, { "word": "GUI" }, { "word": "Python" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-26T13:40:23.972144-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-26T14:09:49.978619-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-26T14:09:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5RB5K", "authors": [ { "pk": 133982, "first_name": "Muhammad", "middle_name": "Badar", "last_name": "Munir", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6036, "first_name": "Hakan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tanyas", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-0609-2140" }, { "pk": 2019, "first_name": "Islam", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fadel", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 22021, "first_name": "Ling", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 16514, "first_name": "Amira", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ahmed", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 16487, "first_name": "Ashok", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dahal", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0000-0003-3269-5575" }, { "pk": 9261, "first_name": "Cees", "middle_name": "J.", "last_name": "van Westen", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-2992-902X" }, { "pk": 133983, "first_name": "Serkan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Girgin", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Graphics and Human Computer Interfaces" }, { "name": "Other Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Programming Languages and Compilers" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Munir_et_al_pre_print.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12349/download/22076/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12354, "title": "Spatiotemporal relationships, influencing factors and policy implications of coastal man–land system spatial resilience based on interpretable machine learning models: A case study of China’s southeastern coastal region", "abstract": "Spatial resilience, as a projection of system resilience at the landscape scale, offers a novel spatial interpretation for analyzing man–land interactions in coastal zones. This study builds an evaluation system from “element-landscape-system” levels, based on the conceptual framework of spatial resilience in coastal man–land systems. It examines the spatiotemporal evolutionary features of spatial resilience at various scales using multisource spatiotemporal big data. Interpretable machine learning techniques were used to construct SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) models and investigate influencing factors. Results yielded three main findings: First, spatial resilience of man–land systems in the southeastern coastal region exhibits significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity with a slow optimization trend, forming a multi-scale spatial pattern characterized by “higher resilience in the element layer in the north than in the south, higher resilience in the landscape layer along the coast than in bays, and stronger resilience in the system layer in the north than in the south.” Second, habitat quality, landscape connectivity index, and marine aquaculture area were the core factors influencing spatial resilience at the element, landscape, and system levels, contributing 35.17%, 29.24%, and 28.87%, respectively. Third, the variables with higher contribution rankings exhibited threshold effects on spatial resilience at different scales. To promote integrated land–sea management and optimize territorial spatial layout, this study, based on the advantages of regional resource endowments, formulates differentiated zonal management strategies and puts forward targeted policy recommendations.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Coastal man-land system" }, { "word": "Spatial resilience" }, { "word": "Interpretable machine learning" }, { "word": "Threshold" }, { "word": "Southeastern coastal region" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-03-26T17:00:23.204882-04:00", "date_accepted": "2026-03-26T17:21:18.278684-04:00", "date_published": "2026-03-26T17:21:00-04:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5GV0C", "authors": [ { "pk": 133998, "first_name": "Huan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Song", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 133999, "first_name": "Zeyu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Geography" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "PONE-D-26-14607.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12354/download/22081/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] } ] }