Preprint List

HTTP 200 OK
Allow: GET
Content-Type: application/json
Vary: Accept

{
    "count": 7180,
    "next": "https://eartharxiv.org/api/preprints/?format=api&limit=100&offset=6800",
    "previous": "https://eartharxiv.org/api/preprints/?format=api&limit=100&offset=6600",
    "results": [
        {
            "pk": 12979,
            "title": "Assembly areas as urban infrastructure: disaster governance, spatial equity, and the protection of public open space in seismically exposed cities",
            "abstract": "Disaster assembly areas - designated open spaces where populations gather following a major earthquake - represent a critical but neglected component of urban resilience infrastructure. Using Istanbul as a primary case study, this Perspective examines how assembly area provision has been systematically eroded through routine planning decisions made outside the disaster management apparatus. Our spatial analysis of 5,570 designated sites reveals a citywide per-capita provision of 2.98 m² - below the Sphere humanitarian minimum - with acute spatial inequality: districts carrying the oldest, most seismically vulnerable building stock simultaneously show the worst assembly provision, a double jeopardy condition affecting 31.7 per cent of Istanbul's 973 neighbourhoods. The pattern is not unique to Istanbul: comparative evidence from Kathmandu, Tehran, and Lima demonstrates that the commodification of urban open space under development pressure is a global phenomenon, consistently outpacing disaster governance frameworks. We argue that four shifts are required - statutory protection for designated sites, vulnerability-weighted spatial allocation, fitness-for-purpose verification, and community-level awareness - and that the fundamental barrier is not technical but institutional: the systematic disconnection between land-use planning and disaster management that allows assembly space to be quietly withdrawn from public use one planning amendment at a time.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "urban resilience"
                },
                {
                    "word": "disaster preparedness"
                },
                {
                    "word": "assembly areas"
                },
                {
                    "word": "seismic risk"
                },
                {
                    "word": "spatial equity"
                },
                {
                    "word": "open space"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Istanbul"
                },
                {
                    "word": "urban governance"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-05-11T15:32:32.839104+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-05-11T21:54:22.320101+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-05-11T21:54:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5R190",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 137159,
                    "first_name": "Busra",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Karagoz",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 137158,
                    "first_name": "Yasemin",
                    "middle_name": "Didem",
                    "last_name": "Aktas",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-6317-2673"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical and Environmental Geography"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Karagoz-Aktas preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12979/download/23013/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12261,
            "title": "Efficient continuous land change monitoring with pyxccd and S-CCD 2.0",
            "abstract": "<p>Continuous change detection from satellite time series requires algorithms that are robust to structural breaks, computationally efficient, and accessible for reproducible large-area processing. We present pyxccd, an open-source, cross-platform Python package for continuous land change monitoring based on dense satellite time series. This package provides high-performance implementations of the newly proposed S-CCD 2.0 and COLD (the latest version of CCDC), through C kernels wrapped by a user-facing Python API, with pixel- and tile-based workflows for operational mapping. Relative to earlier S-CCD implementations, S-CCD 2.0 introduces an anomaly-break hierarchical decision rule for coarse-resolution products and exposes latent state estimates for interpretable trend-seasonality decomposition. Using 6,488 independently interpreted Landsat disturbance plots, S-CCD 2.0 achieved disturbance-detection performance comparable to COLD, with maximum F1 scores of 0.653 for S-CCD 2.0 and 0.664 for COLD. S-CCD 2.0 reduced computation by 1.4-1.9x for retrospective processing and 3-6x for near-real-time updating, with larger gains as spectral dimensionality increased. Application examples across Landsat and coarse-resolution vegetation products demonstrate utilities of pyxccd for reproducible disturbance monitoring. This new tool lowers the technical barrier to scalable, near-real-time monitoring of land-surface change from dense satellite archives.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Time series analysis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Change detection"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Disturbance"
                },
                {
                    "word": "State-space"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Near-real-time"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-21T15:15:06.113443+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-21T22:14:03.126564+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-21T22:13:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5GX9G",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 1681,
                    "first_name": "Su",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ye",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-5910-1082"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133680,
                    "first_name": "Yingchu",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "pyxccd_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12261/download/21963/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "manuscript.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12261/download/24013/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "manuscript.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12261/download/24026/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12698,
            "title": "Late Holocene tsunami hydrodynamics, sediment provenance and chronology from Dury Voe, Shetland Islands (UK)",
            "abstract": "The Shetland Islands are one of the key sites in the Atlantic Ocean to study tsunami deposits, with three major events identified during the Holocene so far. Here, we aim to (i) reconstruct hydrodynamics of the late Holocene Dury Voe tsunami, (ii) constrain the sediment source area, and (iii) refine its age estimate. Onshore sandy deposits bracketed by thick dystrophic peat as well as marine sediment from the intertidal to offshore zone were sampled at Dury Voe and subjected to laser diffraction grain-size analysis, heavy mineral analysis using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and foraminiferal analysis. Furthermore, we present the first onshore luminescence dating for deposits on Shetland for quartz and feldspar. The combined results from grain-size and heavy mineral analyses indicate that at least two major tsunami waves entrained fine-grained sediment from the intertidal zone down to ~14 m water depth. The proximal deposit, close to the coast, is separated into a massive and an inversely graded subunit, characteristic of deposition in a very high energy, high-density suspension flow, whilst further inland it shows two fining-upward sequences, characteristic of a suspension grading and lower-energy, lower-density flow. Foraminiferal assemblages are diverse and abundant in the shallow-marine source deposits, but entirely missing in the tsunami deposits onshore, possibly due to post-sedimentary chemical dissolution in the very low-pH environment, which also affected the onshore heavy mineral composition. Data from Bayesian age modelling of the luminescence ages, in combination with pre-existing radiocarbon data, indicate tsunami impact at 470–630 CE. Our findings refine tsunami hydrodynamics at Dury Voe and the overall chronology in the Shetland region, and highlight the role of acidic post-depositional environments in modifying palaeotsunami signatures.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Coastal hazards"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Palaeotsunami"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Grain-size analysis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sediment provenance"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Heavy minerals"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Luminescence dating"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Foraminiferal analysis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Late Holocene"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Shetland Islands"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-20T21:52:15.846355+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-23T02:35:18.946908+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-23T02:35:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X55R3P",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 135477,
                    "first_name": "Nel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Nussberger",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0009-0007-8690-8595"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 4737,
                    "first_name": "Max",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Engel",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-2271-4229"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135479,
                    "first_name": "Tasnim",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Patel",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135480,
                    "first_name": "Alexander",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Varychev",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135484,
                    "first_name": "Hans-Peter",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Meyer",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135486,
                    "first_name": "Dominik",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Brill",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135487,
                    "first_name": "Anna",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Pint",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135488,
                    "first_name": "Philipp",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kempf",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 128254,
                    "first_name": "Katharina",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hess",
                    "salutation": "Mrs",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135489,
                    "first_name": "Isa",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Schön",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135492,
                    "first_name": "Vanessa M.A.",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Heyvaert",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135494,
                    "first_name": "Sue",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Dawson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Sedimentology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12698/download/22572/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12562,
            "title": "HydroScholar AI: A Collaborative Agent for End-to-End Automated Hydrological Research Lifecycle",
            "abstract": "Hydrological research relies on multi-stage computational workflows that are often slow, fragmented across disparate tools, and inconsistently documented, limiting reproducibility. This study presents HydroScholar AI, an agentic, human-in-the-loop platform that consolidates the plan-to-paper research lifecycle into a single interactive automated framework. From a natural-language prompt, the system proposes a stepwise research plan for researcher approval, translates it into executable Python files within an integrated editor, provides debugging and re-execution support, generates visualizations, and drafts a manuscript. The workflow includes an automated provenance framework that generates and records the entire human-AI decision path, including prompts, approvals, iterative code edits, model identifiers, execution events, and file diffs, to support transparency and auditability. The system is demonstrated through an author-conducted case study: a five-year (2019-2023) daily streamflow analysis for USGS station 05454500 (Iowa River at Iowa City), computing annual mean flow, 7-day low flow, and peak-flow dates and producing a baseline manuscript of the study. The case study shows that consolidating planning, coding, execution, and drafting in one workspace enables progression from an initial prompt to a runnable analysis and baseline manuscript within a single auditable session, while the provenance framework renders the human-AI decision path fully traceable. Expert review remained essential for methodological choices, such as validation beyond missing-value checks, and for hydrologic interpretation of results. HydroScholar AI illustrates how agentic large language models can handle routine analytical tasks without displacing expert judgment, and how capturing the provenance of human-AI collaboration can strengthen reproducibility in computational hydrology.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Agentic AI"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Large language models"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Hydrology workflows"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Provenance"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Human-in-the-loop"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Integrated research environment"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Computational reproducibility"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-10T06:19:20.553648+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-10T06:20:37.496318+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-10T06:20:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5SV05",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 91554,
                    "first_name": "Vinay",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Pursnani",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 127204,
                    "first_name": "Yusuf",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sermet",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 96548,
                    "first_name": "Ibrahim",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Demir",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Computer Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "HydroScholar_AI_EarthArxiv_Submission.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12562/download/22387/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 13062,
            "title": "Metabarcoding supports regional ocean acidification monitoring and identifies novel bioindicators in the Southern California Bight",
            "abstract": "The impacts of ocean acidification (OA) on marine communities are a growing concern for coastal upwelling ecosystems, such as the Southern California Bight (Bight). Successful management of coastal resources in the face of OA requires accurate assessment tools to understand the status and trends of OA impacts on biological communities. Current methods often rely on the condition of individual organisms (e.g., shell dissolution) and are resource- and labor-intensive. As a result, they are difficult to scale to population-level effects or to impacts on the community as a whole, which limits impact assessments and hinders implementation by coastal resource managers. DNA-based monitoring methods can address these gaps, and represent a scalable and cost-effective complement to traditional OA biomonitoring efforts. We applied a DNA metabarcoding approach to analyze mesozooplankton (&gt;200 µm) samples in the Bight to investigate novel OA biomonitoring approaches and target organisms. We sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene and analyzed mesozooplankton community composition across 20 locations and four seasons. We found communities largely structured by seasonal gradients and dominated by copepods and krill. A subset of taxa corresponded strongly to carbonate chemistry variability; taxa in the Order Cheilostomatida (encrusting bryozoans), along with the copepod species Clausocalanus furcatus and Oncaea scottodicarloi corresponded to high aragonite saturation state values. In contrast, other species like Calanus pacificus (calanoid copepod) and Euphausia pacifica (krill) corresponded with low aragonite saturation state. We also investigated the ubiquity and relative abundance of routine target organisms (pteropods and larval crabs) versus alternative targets. Pteropods were rare and only found in the wintertime, while other larval stages of benthic calcifiers were more relatively abundant and ubiquitous. Our findings highlight the utility of DNA-based methods to guide OA biomonitoring and lay the groundwork for future research on OA indicators in this region.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Metabarcoding"
                },
                {
                    "word": "bioindicators"
                },
                {
                    "word": "indicators"
                },
                {
                    "word": "marine monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "word": "marine management"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ocean acidification"
                },
                {
                    "word": "calcifiers"
                },
                {
                    "word": "pteropods"
                },
                {
                    "word": "eDNA"
                },
                {
                    "word": "climate change"
                },
                {
                    "word": "COI"
                },
                {
                    "word": "CO1"
                },
                {
                    "word": "biomonitoring"
                },
                {
                    "word": "regional monitoring"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-05-17T05:00:18.128658+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-05-17T05:48:08.887066+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-05-17T05:48:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5CN24",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 137576,
                    "first_name": "Ashton",
                    "middle_name": "Margaret",
                    "last_name": "Bandy",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-3971-8189"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 13607,
                    "first_name": "Christina",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Frieder",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 137577,
                    "first_name": "Susanna",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Theroux",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 137578,
                    "first_name": "Zachary",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Gold",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-0490-7630"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 137579,
                    "first_name": "Sean  M.",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "McAllister",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-6654-3495"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 137580,
                    "first_name": "Katherine  R. M.",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mackey",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 137581,
                    "first_name": "Karen",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "McLaughlin",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 137582,
                    "first_name": "Nataly",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Pineda",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 137583,
                    "first_name": "Melissa",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Brock",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 129851,
                    "first_name": "Martha",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sutula",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 109217,
                    "first_name": "Adam",
                    "middle_name": "C",
                    "last_name": "Martiny",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PONE-D-26-23798.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/13062/download/23146/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://bight.sccwrp.org/pages/0ae7c88b8ba44176861714d08dd0955c",
                    "label": "Public data"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://ashtobashto.github.io/BightRMP-Metabarcoding-Data-2018/KronaPlot.html",
                    "label": "Public data"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 12272,
            "title": "Urbanisation driven spectral–structural divergence in forest extent: threshold-based validation using GEDI LiDAR in Ekiti State, Nigeria",
            "abstract": "<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;'>Forest degradation in rapidly urbanising tropical regions is often underestimated due to reliance on two-dimensional spectral indicators that inadequately capture vertical forest structure. This study evaluates the reliability of satellite-derived forest extent in Ekiti State, Nigeria, by integrating multi-sensor remote sensing data with spaceborne LiDAR from the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation.</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;'>Land use/land cover (LULC) dynamics between 2007 and 2024 were mapped using a fusion of Synthetic Aperture Radar (Sentinel-1 and ALOS PALSAR) and optical datasets (Landsat and Sentinel-2). Results indicate a decline in forest cover of 540.10 km² (−25.34%) alongside a 266.42% increase in built-up area, corresponding to an Urban Land Consumption Ratio (ULCR) of 3.12, reflecting spatially inefficient urban expansion and increasing anthropogenic pressure on forest landscapes.</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;'>To assess classification reliability, LULC-derived forest extent was validated against GEDI-derived canopy height using two structural thresholds (≥5 m and ≥10 m). At the 5 m threshold, agreement was consistently low (F1 = 0.581 in 2020; 0.497 in 2025), driven by very low recall (&lt;0.41), indicating substantial omission of structurally defined forest. In contrast, the 10 m threshold yielded higher agreement (F1 = 0.745 in 2020; 0.662 in 2025), suggesting improved alignment with spectrally derived forest extent. However, a consistent decline in F1-score across both thresholds demonstrates increasing divergence between spectral classification and structural forest definition over time.</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;'>A moderate reduction in mean canopy height (10.6 m in 2020 to 9.34 m in 2025) further indicates ongoing structural degradation. Analysis of anthropogenic drivers reveals that urbanisation intensity, rather than population growth, is the dominant driver of both vegetation decline and structural change. These findings provide empirical evidence of threshold-dependent and temporally evolving spectral–structural decoupling, highlighting the need to integrate LiDAR-derived structural metrics into forest monitoring frameworks.</span></p>\n<p><!--EndFragment--></p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Multi-sensor fusion"
                },
                {
                    "word": " GEDI LiDAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Deforestation monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Urban Land Consumption Ratio (ULCR)"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Canopy height model (CHM)."
                },
                {
                    "word": "GEDI LiDAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Deforestation monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Urban Land Consumption Ratio (ULCR)"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Canopy height model (CHM)"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-23T02:54:09.979386+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-23T05:54:28.856120+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-23T05:54:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5FZ03",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 133715,
                    "first_name": "Oluwafemi",
                    "middle_name": "David",
                    "last_name": "Bejide",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0009-0002-4588-0315"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133716,
                    "first_name": "Kunle",
                    "middle_name": "David",
                    "last_name": "Emiola",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133717,
                    "first_name": "Ojo",
                    "middle_name": "Davies",
                    "last_name": "Ajewole",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133718,
                    "first_name": "Hezekiah",
                    "middle_name": "Daramola",
                    "last_name": "Olaniran",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "MANUSCRIPT.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12272/download/21977/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "manuscript1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12272/download/21980/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Urbanisation and forest.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12272/download/22675/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Urbanisation and forest.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12272/download/22678/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12275,
            "title": "Atsusa samusa mo higan made: Statistical validation of a Japanese weather proverb across eight stations over 76 years",
            "abstract": "Background: Weather proverbs encode centuries of observational knowledge, yet few have been subjected to rigorous statistical testing. The Japanese proverb atsusa samusa mo higan made (\"heat and cold last only until the equinox\") asserts that seasonal temperature transitions coincide with the vernal and autumnal equinoxes. Despite growing international interest in weather folklore verification, no formal study has examined this widely known Japanese proverb.\n\nMethods: We analyzed daily mean temperature data from eight Japan Meteorological Agency stations spanning latitudes 26.3-43.1°N over 76 years (1950-2025). Temperature transition points were identified using the Pruned Exact Linear Time (PELT) change point detection algorithm and segmented regression with bootstrap confidence intervals. Temporal trends were assessed via Mann-Kendall tests, and spring-autumn asymmetry was evaluated using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. All tests used a two-sided significance threshold of α = 0.05.\n\nResults: The proverb showed approximate consistency with autumn temperature patterns but not spring. Autumn PELT-detected transition points occurred close to the autumnal equinox (median offset: +4.0 days; interquartile range [IQR]: -2.0 to +14.0; Cohen's d = 0.25-0.51), whereas spring transitions lagged substantially behind the vernal equinox (median offset: +10.0 days; IQR: 0.0 to +16.0; d = 0.26-0.76). This spring-autumn asymmetry was statistically significant at four of eight stations after Benjamini-Hochberg correction (q ＜ 0.05). Mann-Kendall tests revealed significant increasing trends in autumn offsets at four stations (+0.12 to +0.18 days/year, q ＜ 0.05), suggesting that autumn cooling is progressively delayed. Sensitivity analyses (unrestricted PELT, block bootstrap, modified Mann-Kendall) confirmed the robustness of all primary findings. Naha (26.3°N) exhibited distinctly large offsets in both seasons, consistent with subtropical thermal inertia.\n\nConclusions: The proverb atsusa samusa mo higan made is approximately consistent with autumn temperature patterns but not spring, and the correspondence for autumn appears to be declining over time—a trend consistent with climate warming. These findings parallel international studies showing that traditional weather knowledge, while rooted in genuine climatic patterns, requires reinterpretation as temperatures rise.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "weather proverb"
                },
                {
                    "word": "equinox"
                },
                {
                    "word": "change point detection"
                },
                {
                    "word": "PELT"
                },
                {
                    "word": "climate change"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Japan"
                },
                {
                    "word": "seasonal transition"
                },
                {
                    "word": "folklore verification"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-23T15:14:12.535047+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-23T20:54:26.749096+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-23T20:54:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5XZ0F",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 133726,
                    "first_name": "MIZUKI",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "SHIRAI",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0009-0005-3615-0670"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "manuscript.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12275/download/21982/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 13108,
            "title": "Multi-Modal Unsupervised Change Detection of Urban Vegetation in Birmingham, UK: A Cross-Method Comparison under 2022 Drought Conditions",
            "abstract": "As the climate changes, cities are increasingly exposed to extreme weather events such as droughts, further amplified by the urban heat island effect. Urban vegetation, a key Nature-based Solution for cooling and climate resilience, is vulnerable to water stress. Therefore, it is increasingly important to understand how urban vegetation responds during drought years, particularly where ground-truth data are limited. This study investigates vegetation change across Birmingham, UK, using three unsupervised change detection techniques that require neither labeled nor ground-truth data. A multi-modal dataset was leveraged by combining optical (Sentinel-2) and C-band radar (Sentinel-1) observations through decision-level fusion. Three approaches were applied to the bitemporal composites from July 2021 (non-drought year) and July 2022 (drought year): (i) baseline image differencing with k-means clustering; (ii) floating references; and (iii) pre-trained representation learning via the Clay foundation autoencoder. Three methods demonstrated complementary strengths. Baseline differencing provided simplicity, speed, and reliable performance for fine-scale urban analysis at 10 m, although single-sensor detections were more susceptible to misclassifications of vegetation change due to rooftop-driven artefacts. The floating references method, operating at 10 m, reduced bias from inter-scene drift and illumination differences, proving particularly effective for detecting agricultural sensitivity; however, it required greater computational demand. Meanwhile, the Clay-derived binary change map, generated through principal component analysis and Otsu’s thresholding, produced spatially coherent and semantically rich vegetation change patterns, though its coarser effective resolution (~80 m) likely smoothed fine-scale artefacts and contributed to higher spatial coherence, limiting direct comparison with the 10 m methods. Overall, the resulting change maps offer valuable and complementary insights for urban vegetation management under a changing climate, thereby supporting the use of unsupervised multi-sensor approaches for vegetation monitoring in data-scarce urban environments. Future work should explore the incorporation of L-band radar, the generation of a consensus agreement map for species-level change analysis, the examination of soft clustering algorithms, and an expansion of the regional scope to quantify drought-associated vegetation change across broader regions.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "change detection"
                },
                {
                    "word": "unsupervised machine learning"
                },
                {
                    "word": "urban vegetation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "geospatial analysis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "multi-modal remote sensing"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-05-20T18:29:22.057503+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-05-20T21:46:09.126638+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-05-20T21:46:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5BR1G",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 137675,
                    "first_name": "Naya",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Desai",
                    "salutation": "Ms",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 137799,
                    "first_name": "Emma",
                    "middle_name": "J.S.",
                    "last_name": "Ferranti",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 137800,
                    "first_name": "Sarah",
                    "middle_name": "V.",
                    "last_name": "Greenham",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 137801,
                    "first_name": "Joshua",
                    "middle_name": "D.",
                    "last_name": "Vande Hey",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 137802,
                    "first_name": "Andrew",
                    "middle_name": "D.",
                    "last_name": "Quinn",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 137803,
                    "first_name": "Stef",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "De Sabbata",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "EarthArXiv_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/13108/download/23219/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "EarthArXiv_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/13108/download/23220/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "EarthArXiv_preprint_manuscript.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/13108/download/23221/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 9328,
            "title": "Future tales from ancient reefs: fundamental differences between Last Interglacial and modern coral reef community changes on the island of Curaçao (lower Caribbean)",
            "abstract": "<p>Coral reefs have experienced widespread and accelerated decline in the last decades, that was driven by a combination of global and local anthropogenic stressors. To contextualize these changes, we compared the composition of coral reef communities on Curaçao between 1973 and 2023 with that of corals preserved in fossil reefs from the Last Interglacial period (128–116 ka), the last geological period of the Earth’s history when global climate was warmer than pre-industrial. These fossil reefs, exposed along the island’s leeward coast, provide a multi-millennial baseline of ecological variability. Our analyses show that the ecological transformation observed on modern reefs over the past five decades exceeds the magnitude and persistence of community variability maintained for more than 12,000 years during the Last Interglacial. This unprecedented transformation, likely driven by accelerating anthropogenic impacts, marks an ecological shift unmatched in the long-term history of Caribbean reef systems and may represent a striking signal of coral community change in the Anthropocene.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Coral reef decline"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Last Interglacial"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Anthropocene"
                },
                {
                    "word": "paleoecology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Caribbean reefs"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-06-02T17:45:23.721000+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-06-05T22:30:47.711000+08:00",
            "date_published": "2025-06-05T22:30:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5414H",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 1726,
                    "first_name": "Alessio",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rovere",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-5575-1168"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 109531,
                    "first_name": "Patrick",
                    "middle_name": "T.",
                    "last_name": "Boyden",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 109532,
                    "first_name": "Andreas",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Haas",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 109533,
                    "first_name": "Benjamin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mueller",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 109534,
                    "first_name": "Yusuf",
                    "middle_name": "C.",
                    "last_name": "El-Khaled",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 109535,
                    "first_name": "Sonia",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bejarano",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 109536,
                    "first_name": "Christian",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wild",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 109537,
                    "first_name": "Eric",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mijts",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 108516,
                    "first_name": "Giovanni",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Scicchitano",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 108518,
                    "first_name": "Giovanni",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Scardino",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 24329,
                    "first_name": "Denovan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Chauveau",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-6013-4113"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 109538,
                    "first_name": "Paolo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Stocchi",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 109539,
                    "first_name": "Mark",
                    "middle_name": "J.A.",
                    "last_name": "Vermeij",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Stratigraphy"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9328/download/17401/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9328/download/19949/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9328/download/22356/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15570498",
                    "label": "Supplementary File"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 9445,
            "title": "Instantaneous State InSAR: Estimation and Prediction for Near Real-Time Displacement Monitoring",
            "abstract": "<p>Urban resilience and decision-making rely on continuous monitoring of key safety indicators. The increasing availability of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) observations offers a valuable opportunity for near real-time stability monitoring, particularly in the built environment. Traditional InSAR time series methods use batch processing of all available data at a particular moment in time to estimate static and global displacement parameters, describing the motion of the effective scatterer over the entire evaluated time period. This batch approach limits the agility of the method to adapt to a changing temporal behavior, early anomaly detection, computational efficiency, and the systematic inclusion of newly acquired SAR data.</p>\n<p>Here we introduce a new method to capture complex dynamic behavior of a scatterer by estimating its instantaneous state instead of using a time-invariant parametric description. The instantaneous state (IS) estimation and prediction model uses single new SAR acquisitions to provide time updates and measurement updates using a Kalman-filter methodology. It imposes smoothness constraints on the displacement signal by modeling the velocity as an exponentially correlated, mean-reverting Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, thereby enhancing the practicality of the method, and employs the normalized median amplitude dispersion as a proxy for phase quality. The results demonstrate that IS-InSAR matches the estimation quality of batch methods in non-dynamic circumstances while more effectively capturing dynamic behavior. Updating instantaneous parameters with single observations enables near real-time monitoring, and the explicit specification of smoothness parameters facilitates implicit phase unwrapping.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "InSAR point scatterers"
                },
                {
                    "word": "dynamic parameter estimation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "recursive least squares"
                },
                {
                    "word": ""
                },
                {
                    "word": "smoothness constraints"
                },
                {
                    "word": "near real-time monitoring"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-06-18T17:36:14.411000+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-06-18T21:16:03.443000+08:00",
            "date_published": "2025-06-18T21:15:00+08:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2026.3681072",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5X73B",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 110344,
                    "first_name": "Yuqing",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wang",
                    "salutation": "Ms",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-7663-7468"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 21928,
                    "first_name": "Wietske",
                    "middle_name": "S",
                    "last_name": "Brouwer",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 110346,
                    "first_name": "Freek",
                    "middle_name": "J.",
                    "last_name": "van Leijen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 4080,
                    "first_name": "Ramon",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hanssen",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-6067-7561"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Smoothness_constrained_Dynamic_Parameter_Estimation_for_InSAR_Time_Series.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9445/download/17608/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Smoothness_constrained_Dynamic_Parameter_Estimation_for_InSAR_Time_Series.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9445/download/17609/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Smoothness_constrained_Dynamic_Parameter_Estimation_for_InSAR_Time_Series.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9445/download/17614/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Instantaneous_State_InSAR.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9445/download/20530/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Instantaneous_State_InSAR.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9445/download/20538/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 10943,
            "title": "Foreshock Behaviors and Mainshock Rupture Properties Associated with the 2025 Mw 8.8 Kamchatka Earthquake Sequence",
            "abstract": "<p>The July 29 2025 Mw 8.8 Kamchatka earthquake ruptured the plate interface off the east coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula along the Kuril-Kamchatka subduction zone. Following the mainshock, tsunamis were recorded in multiple countries along the Pacific Ocean boundary and its islands, along with the eruption of several volcanoes in Kamchatka. The mainshock was preceded by a strong foreshock sequence that began with a Mw 7.4 event on July 20, located near the mainshock hypocenter. However, the physical mechanisms driving this foreshock sequence is not completely clear. Here, we present a detailed seismological and geodetic analysis of the sequence, combining teleseismic back projection, a single-station template matching detection for foreshocks and aftershocks, a statistical analysis of the entire sequence, and the GNSS and InSAR data for aseismic deformation. We find that the mainshock ruptured predominantly to the southwest direction with a total source duration of ~220 s. The M7.4 foreshock sequence triggered afterslip along the plate interface, which likely drove an expanding aftershock of its own and eventually triggered the mainshock nucleation. The aftershock productivity of the M7.4 event is also several times higher than several M7+ events before and after the M8.8 mainshock, which increases the probability of triggering a larger mainshock. We also find possible segmentation of the megathrust rupture zone along the Kuril-Kamchatka subduction zone that is separated by higher topography in the upper plate. The integrated approach provides an improved understanding of the physical mechanisms of foreshocks and segmentation of mainshock ruptures along major subduction zones, which is directly relevant to short-term forecasting and seismic hazard assessment of megathrust earthquakes in this and other regions.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Kamchatka"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Foreshock"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Aftershock"
                },
                {
                    "word": "back projection"
                },
                {
                    "word": "afterslip"
                },
                {
                    "word": "megathrust earthquake"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-11-27T05:01:56.077000+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-11-28T00:36:00.767000+08:00",
            "date_published": "2025-11-28T00:35:00+08:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2026.100457",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5K169",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 109268,
                    "first_name": "Phuc",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mach",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 109267,
                    "first_name": "Xu",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Si",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 109266,
                    "first_name": "Dun",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 125147,
                    "first_name": "Robert",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Shcherbakov",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 125148,
                    "first_name": "Ping",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "He",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 22955,
                    "first_name": "Tuncay",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Taymaz",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 109270,
                    "first_name": "Chang",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ding",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 55914,
                    "first_name": "Zhigang",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Peng",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-0019-9860"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Mach_Kamchatka_earthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/10943/download/20012/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Mach_Kamchatka_earthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/10943/download/20013/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "1-s2.0-S277246702600014X-main (2).pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/10943/download/23143/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11104,
            "title": "Multi-Planar Hierarchy in Pan-American Seismic Fractality: A Bayesian Resolution to the Projection Paradox",
            "abstract": "<p>Earthquake catalogs worldwide exhibit an enduring paradox: seismicity appears confined to planar faults (correlation dimension D2≈ 2.0), yet operates within volumetric lithospheric deformation. We resolve this paradox through Bayesian fractal analysis of 50,010 earthquakes across seven Pan-American tectonic regimes (2010–2025), revealing that apparent planarity reflects instrumental projection bias—not physical confinement. Correlation dimension D2 ranges 2.08–2.57, with hierarchical Rényi spectrum analysis identifying multi-planar architecture (hierarchical index H = D1 − D0 &gt; 0) in four of six regions. Topological graph structure confirms 29–125 discrete seismogenic communities, with graph fractal dimension (Dgraph = 1.40–1.83) systematically lower than Euclidean D2. Bayesian scale transformation reveals intrinsic volumetric structure (D3= 3.00) in five of six regions, establishing a projectiondominated observation regime where USGS catalog location uncertainty (∼5–10 km) systematically reduces apparent dimensionality by ∆D ≈ 0.4–0.9 despite true 3D seismogenic volumes. This finding exhibits remarkable mathematical isomorphism (not physical equivalence) with the cosmic web paradox in large-scale structure formation, where intrinsically volumetric matter distribution appears filamentary due to observational projection—suggesting universal principles of the projection operator under incomplete sampling across disparate physical systems. Methodological sensitivity analysis demonstrates core conclusions persist across magnitude completeness strategies, scaling region detection algorithms, and coordinate systems. Results challenge pure planar confinement hypotheses, supporting a multi-planar “deck of cards” model where seismicity organizes along discrete reactivated planes embedded in volumetric deformation fields.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Fractal dimension · Rényi spectrum · Hierarchical organization · Subduction zones · Bayesian inference · Topological graph structure · Projection bias · Cosmic web analogy · Spatial clustering statist"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Fractal dimension"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Rényi spectrum"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Hierarchical organization"
                },
                {
                    "word": " subduction zones"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Bayesian inference"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Topological graph structure"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Projection bias"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Cosmic web analogy"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Spatial clustering statistics"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Earthquake catalogs"
                },
                {
                    "word": " USGS ComCat."
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-12-10T19:55:16.433000+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-12-10T21:59:18.468000+08:00",
            "date_published": "2025-12-10T21:59:00+08:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17875888",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5RF3V",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 124306,
                    "first_name": "Facundo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Firmenich",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0009-0002-6578-3811"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 126259,
                    "first_name": "Pau",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Firmenich",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 126260,
                    "first_name": "León",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Firmenich",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Applied Statistics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Statistics and Probability"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Firmenich_et_al_2025_PanAmerican_Seismic_Fractality_EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11104/download/20241/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/FacundoFirmenich/fractal_analysis_of_seismics",
                    "label": "GitHub Repository \\ Complete Code and Data"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.17875888",
                    "label": "Zenodo Archive \\ Permanent DOI"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 12278,
            "title": "Geospatial Modelling of Vegetation Dynamics and Carbon Sequestration Capacity in Ekiti State, Nigeria Using MODIS Data and CASA Models.",
            "abstract": "Accurate estimation of terrestrial carbon sequestration capacity is fundamental to national climate mitigation efforts and achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study assessed vegetation dynamics and modelled Net Primary Productivity (NPP) a proxy for carbon sequestration capacity in Ekiti State, Nigeria, over the 11-year period (2014–2024). The study deployed the seasonal and annual Carnegie Ames Standard Approach (CASA) model which is driven by high-resolution Landsat 8 Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), derived APAR ERA5 climate data, and Terraclimate moisture data, all resampled to 30m spatial resolution. The outputs were analysed using the Mann-Kendall trend test and validated against the coarser MODIS (MOD17) NPP product. The NPP estimated byT the CASA model and MODIS product were 482.61 ± 38.95gC m-2y- and 474.63 ± 35.89 gCm⁻² yr⁻¹ respectively. Temporally, the findings revealed a critical discrepancy: the MODIS NPP trend showed a statistically significant decline (tau = -0.491, p=0.041) over the decade, while the higher-resolution CASA NPP showed only a weak, insignificant decline (tau = -0.127, p=0.648). Seasonal driver analysis resolved this contradiction, exposing divergent ecosystem controls: the Wet season was found to be light-limited, where NPP showed a strong negative correlation with the Wetness Index (rho = -0.773, p=0.005) suggesting cloud-cover limitation and a positive correlation with (PAR). In other word, the Dry season was purely water-limited, confirmed by a strong positive correlation between NPP and the Wetness Index (rho = 0.800, p=0.003). These results underscore that local carbon sequestration is controlled by seasonally antagonistic climate factors. The pronounced divergence between the MODIS and CASA estimates emphasizes the necessity of using locally calibrated, high-spatial resolution Light Use Efficiency models for reliably monitoring carbon budgets and informing forest conservation strategies in complex ecological transition zones like Ekiti State.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Net Primary Productivity (NPP)"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Enhanced Vegetation index (EVI)"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Carbon Budget"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Light Use Efficiency (LUE)"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-23T17:06:07.683004+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-23T20:52:52.087662+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-23T20:52:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X52R2C",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 133715,
                    "first_name": "Oluwafemi",
                    "middle_name": "David",
                    "last_name": "Bejide",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0009-0002-4588-0315"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133745,
                    "first_name": "Hezekiah",
                    "middle_name": "Daramola",
                    "last_name": "Olaniran",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geographic Information Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Natural Resources and Conservation"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Natural Resources Management and Policy"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical and Environmental Geography"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Remote Sensing"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Spatial Science"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Sustainability"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Modelling of Carbon sequestration capacity.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12278/download/21984/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12446,
            "title": "Mercury",
            "abstract": "Data from the Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft, the Mariner 10 spacecraft, and decades of ground-based observations have revealed a wealth of information about the geochemistry of Mercury, the inner most planet in our Solar system. These data indicate that Mercury is an endmember among the terrestrial planets with a core mass fraction of ~71–78% of the planet’s mass, a surface that is low in Fe and rich in S, and a surface that is darkened by 1–4% graphitic carbon that may have been sourced from an ancient primary flotation crust. Mercury has an interior oxygen fugacity (fO2) that is more reduced than the other terrestrial planets. In fact, the interior of Mercury is so reduced, the geochemical behavior of the elements on Mercury deviates from the expected behavior based on studies of Earth, Moon, and Mars. Moreover, Mercury is a volatile-rich planet with moderately volatile element abundances similar to Mars and possibly enriched relative to Earth. The origin of Mercury’s endmember status is still an open question, but there are two broad classes of hypotheses for the origin of Mercury, including 1) impact erosion models consisting of either a single giant mantle-stripping impact or series of smaller impacts that preferentially removed silicate material from Mercury without re-accretion; and 2) formation of Mercury from highly reduced and broadly chondritic metal-rich precursor materials that are not well represented by chondritic meteorites. Both of these formation models have highly contrasting implications for the thermochemical evolution of Mercury and its bulk composition. However, from the data available, both models remain viable. Many open questions about Mercury’s geochemistry remain unanswered. These questions require additional experimental and modeling work that can be completed today, but they also require the continued exploration of planet Mercury. The European Space Agency’s BepiColombo spacecraft will reach orbital insertion around Mercury in late 2025, and it has a suite of geochemical instruments that will gather data from across the surface of Mercury. Looking beyond BepiColombo, a Mercury lander could provide detailed insights into the surface of Mercury that are not possible from orbit, and studies of samples, either through the identification of a meteorite from Mercury or from a Mercury sample return mission would revolutionize our understanding of Mercury’s geochemistry.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "MESSENGER"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Hermean Geochemistry"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Bulk composition"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Oxygen fugacity"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-01T14:17:47.034238+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-01T21:38:00.625927+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-01T21:37:00+08:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-99762-1.00109-1",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X50N33",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134358,
                    "first_name": "Francis",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "McCubbin",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-2101-4431"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134359,
                    "first_name": "Brendan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Anzures",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Mercury Book Chapter Final_postprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12446/download/22213/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12501,
            "title": "The 2025 𝑀𝑤 7.1 Tingri (South Tibet) Earthquake: Rupture of Normal Conjugate Optimally Oriented Faults, Shallow Coseismic Slip Deficit, and Early Afterslip",
            "abstract": "On 7 January 2025, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake struck Tingri County at the south of the Tibetan Plateau, China, producing widespread damage in the Lhatse-Sa'gya-Tingri region and adjacent areas. The earthquake ruptured a pair of conjugate north-south striking normal faults in the Dengmecuo graben, and was the largest normal earthquake instrumentally recorded in the region. We use Interferometric Synthetic Aperture (InSAR) observations from Sentinel-1A, ALOS-2, and Lutan-1 satellites to investigate coseismic and early postseismic deformation due to the 2025 Tingri earthquake. We invert line of sight (LOS) displacements and pixel offsets for the fault geometry and slip distribution using an iterative scheme that incorporates a 3-D curved fault geometry and layered rigidity structure constrained by seismic tomography. The ruptured faults are modeled using a triangular mesh with a linear variation in slip between the nodes. The preferred model suggests average dip angles of 60-70$^\\circ$ for both the main (west-dipping) rupture, and the subsidiary (east-dipping) conjugate fault, indicating optimal fault orientations consistent with Byerlee's law and coefficient of friction of 0.6-0.7. The best-fit model has a variance reduction of 91\\%, and an equivalent moment magnitude of 7.0. The modeled coseismic slip exhibits a large ($\\sim$60\\%) shallow slip deficit, only a small fraction of which is relieved by shallow afterslip in the first $\\sim$8 months following the earthquake. The observed coseismic and postseismic deformation suggest velocity-strengthening friction, as well as extensive off-fault damage in the top several kilometers of the Earth's crust. Contributions from the early viscoelastic and poroelastic relaxation are found to be negligible. Continued geodetic observations will help quantify the evolving roles of afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation, provide tighter constraints on the effective rheology of the lower crust, and illuminate the mechanisms of the ongoing E--W extension in the Southern Tibetan Rift Zone.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Tibet"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Tingri"
                },
                {
                    "word": "earthquake"
                },
                {
                    "word": "InSAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "faults"
                },
                {
                    "word": "conjugate"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-05T06:08:39.585708+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-05T06:41:20.360694+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-05T06:41:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5HF5F",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134591,
                    "first_name": "Xiaoyu",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zou",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 5262,
                    "first_name": "Yuri",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Fialko",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-6161-8467"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Tingri_26.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12501/download/22297/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12451,
            "title": "A Global Catalogue of Lunar Topographic Prominence ≥ 1 km",
            "abstract": "We present the Lunar Ribus Database, a global catalogue of lunar summits with topographic prominence ≥1 km derived from the highest-resolution global and regional digital elevation models currently available. Each summit in the catalogue is reported with summit and key col elevations relative to the global minimum, prominence, key col elevation, and geographic coordinates of both summit and key col. Prominence was computed using the divide-tree algorithm of Andrew Kirmse (\"mountains\").\n\nSummits with prominence ≥1 km, called Ribus, provide a formal measure of morphometric independence. By linking each summit to its key col, the Lunar Ribus Database establishes a globally consistent hierarchy of kilometre-scale positive-relief landforms on the Moon. This framework enables terrain segmentation, analysis of impact- and volcanism-related edifices, and comparative prominence-based morphometry across planetary bodies. ",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "moon"
                },
                {
                    "word": "topographic prominence"
                },
                {
                    "word": "lunar topography"
                },
                {
                    "word": "planetary geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "digital elevation models"
                },
                {
                    "word": "lunar mountains"
                },
                {
                    "word": "central peaks"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Ribus"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-01T20:25:53.114621+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-01T21:42:34.639613+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-01T21:42:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5MF40",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 122580,
                    "first_name": "Jim",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Singh",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134367,
                    "first_name": "Daniel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Quinn",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134376,
                    "first_name": "Oscar",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Argudo",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Planetary Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Planetary Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Lunar_TopographicProminence_1km.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12451/download/22217/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19363869",
                    "label": "Lunar Ribus Database (Academic Release)"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 12450,
            "title": "k G as a Passive Lithological Compliance Index Derivation from Independent Spectral Residuals and Validation across Seven Lithologies",
            "abstract": "We present k\nG\n= π × f₀ / (Q × V\ns\n) as a passive lithological compliance index measurable from\nambient seismic noise without drilling or active sources. The fundamental frequency f₀ is\nextracted from spectral residuals after subtraction of the common seismic mode (oceanic\nmicroseism), while V\ns\nand Q are drawn from published borehole measurements. Using this\nthree-source independent framework across nine broadband seismic stations spanning seven\nlithological classes — granite, ophiolite, basalt, limestone, marl, alluvium, and soft sediment —\nwe find a near-perfect Spearman correlation between k\nG\nand Q × V\ns\n(ρ = −0.941, p = 0.0002, N\n= 9). The lithological ordering granite &lt; ophiolite &lt; basalt &lt; limestone &lt; marl &lt; alluvium &lt;\nsediment is recovered consistently across six spectral window lengths (5 min to 2 h), with\ncoefficient of variation below 3% at five of nine stations. A formal independence test confirms\nthat f₀ carries no information about Q × V\ns\n(ρ = −0.008, p = 0.98), ruling out algebraic\ncircularity. In Theban limestone, the empirically calibrated value k\nG\n= 23.1 /km (Gasque, 2026;\nρ = 0.786, p = 0.021, N = 8 tombs) exceeds the borehole-derived compliance value of 0.055\n/km by a factor of 420, encoding cavity resonance amplification. We propose k\nG\nas a\nsingle-station, equipment-agnostic site-characterization parameter complementary to V\ns30\n,\nrequiring no instrument deployment beyond existing network infrastructure. All data, methods,\nand results are fully reproducible from public seismic archives.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "passive seismic"
                },
                {
                    "word": "lithological compliance index"
                },
                {
                    "word": "seismic site characterization"
                },
                {
                    "word": "quality factor Q"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ambient noise"
                },
                {
                    "word": "HVSR · k_G detectability · Theban limestone · FDSN open data · spectral residuals · common-mode subtraction"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-01T17:57:11.585787+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-01T23:36:32.603019+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-01T23:36:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5GN22",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134203,
                    "first_name": "benjamin",
                    "middle_name": "gasque",
                    "last_name": "gasque",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0009-0003-7018-5813"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Article-10-k_G-Compliance.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12450/download/22216/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12299,
            "title": "SIM4Action: An Interactive Platform for Social-Environmental Systems Mapping and Causal Analysis",
            "abstract": "SIM4Action is an open-source, browser-based platform for participatory analysis of complex socio-environmental systems through interactive causal network graphs. Existing systems mapping tools require practitioners to combine separate software for map construction, network analysis, and causal simulation; none provides an integrated workflow accessible to non-technical stakeholders. SIM4Action addresses this gap through a three-stage adaptive management workflow—Understand, Intervene, Monitor—implemented as dedicated analytical laboratories offering feedback loop detection, community detection, token-based causal diffusion simulation (probabilistic and deterministic modes with forward and backward propagation), multiple centrality metrics for leverage point identification, and a genetic algorithm optimiser for intervention resource allocation. Python’s scientific stack runs\nin-browser via Pyodide/WebAssembly, enabling zero-installation deployment. A domain-agnostic, configuration-driven architecture serves multiple system maps, each defined by a Google Sheets data source and a JSON configuration file; core analytical libraries are independently importable for scripted research pipelines. Co-designed with stakeholders over six years across seven\nfunded projects spanning Australia, Chile, Peru, Finland, and the Western Indian Ocean region, the platform currently hosts over ten deployed system maps spanning fisheries, water governance, lithium extraction, and social welfare domains. This growing, standardised collection of causal models lays the groundwork for a broader research programme: from domain-specific case studies through cross-system structural comparisons toward a Systems Atlas—a large-scale repository enabling comparative analysis of socio-environmental complexity across domains, geographies, and scales. A public version is hosted at https://sim4action.io",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "systems mapping"
                },
                {
                    "word": " causal analysis"
                },
                {
                    "word": " socio-environmental systems"
                },
                {
                    "word": " network analysis"
                },
                {
                    "word": " participatory modelling"
                },
                {
                    "word": " adaptive management"
                },
                {
                    "word": "participatory modelling"
                },
                {
                    "word": "causal systems mapping"
                },
                {
                    "word": "adaptive management"
                },
                {
                    "word": "socio-environmental systems"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-24T08:42:30.869236+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-25T21:19:41.399959+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-25T21:19:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5976W",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 2922,
                    "first_name": "Juan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Castilla-Rho",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-8468-8636"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Studies"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydraulic Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Life Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "eartharxiv-preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12299/download/22002/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12929,
            "title": "Comparative Machine Learning approach to seasonal ENSO Forecasting with Time-Series Performance Evaluation",
            "abstract": "The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the most important climate phenomena that affects weather conditions worldwide. It influences monsoon seasons, droughts, and crop productivity. Forecasting of ENSO processes is rather difficult since the system is inherently nonlinear. Moreover, the Spring Predictability Barrier limits the predictive capacity of forecasters during the boreal spring period.\n\nIn this paper, four machine learning algorithms – Ridge Regression, Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) are considered. Training was performed on the historical data of the Niño 3.4 and Oceanic Niño Index indices collected over decades. The quality of predictions was evaluated using several lead times from 1 to 15 months with RMSE, MAE, and Pearson correlation coefficient being utilized as metrics.\n\nThis paper evaluates and compares the abilities of four machine learning methods in predicting ENSO processes. Although simpler methods give relatively good forecasts on a short term, LSTM shows better results with a longer horizon due to its ability to temporal dependencies. Besides, the influence of the Spring Predictability Barrier on the predictability of ENSO events is evaluated.",
            "license": {
                "name": "No Creative Commons license",
                "short_name": "No CC license",
                "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.",
                "url": "https://escholarship.org"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "ENSO"
                },
                {
                    "word": "El Niño"
                },
                {
                    "word": "La Niña"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Machine Learning"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Time-Series Forecasting"
                },
                {
                    "word": "LSTM"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Random Forest"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Support Vector Regression"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Ridge Regression"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Spring Predictability Barrier"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Climate Prediction"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-05-06T13:45:14.759703+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-05-08T01:23:49.922146+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-05-08T01:23:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5GR3G",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 136650,
                    "first_name": "Deeksha",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sudheer",
                    "salutation": "Miss",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 136654,
                    "first_name": "Charuvi",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Suresh",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 136655,
                    "first_name": "Abhilash",
                    "middle_name": "M",
                    "last_name": "Bairy",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 136657,
                    "first_name": "Arjit",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Praveen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Education"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Bairy_et_al_2026_ENSO_ML_Forecasting.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12929/download/22921/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 10674,
            "title": "ForestCast: Forecasting Deforestation Risk at Scale with Deep Learning",
            "abstract": "<p>Deforestation is a major threat to biodiversity and the stability of the climate. Current monitoring solutions provide reactive alerts only after deforestation has occurred, rendering them inadequate for prevention. Proactive deforestation prevention necessitates forecasting at-risk areas; however, previous forecasting efforts have been constrained by their reliance on simple statistical models and limited feature sets. This paper introduces the ForestCast dataset, the first publicly available dataset dedicated to training deep learning models for the task of deforestation risk forecasting. We benchmark several deep learning models from the literature, as well as a Random Forest Decision Tree model, and find that the deep learning models perform the best. Furthermore, we test the relative importance of three classes of input data: 1) satellite imagery, 2) derived feature layers such as slope and distance to roads, and 3) change history, an image summarizing past deforestation. We find that change history is important, but the most flexible models perform well with satellite imagery (or embeddings derived from imagery) alone.  Lastly, we present a preliminary assessment of the ethics of using deforestation risk models in practice.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "deforestation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Forecasting"
                },
                {
                    "word": "remote-sensing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "deep-learning"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-10-31T02:30:50.727000+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-10-31T22:47:40.414000+08:00",
            "date_published": "2025-10-31T22:47:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5Q757",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 122703,
                    "first_name": "Matthew",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Overlan",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 94394,
                    "first_name": "Charlotte",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Stanton",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 94385,
                    "first_name": "Maxim",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Neumann",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 122777,
                    "first_name": "Arianna",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Manzini",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 122778,
                    "first_name": "Julia",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Haas",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 122775,
                    "first_name": "Michelangelo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Conserva",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 107511,
                    "first_name": "Melanie",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rey",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 122779,
                    "first_name": "Kira",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Prabhu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 122780,
                    "first_name": "Youngin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Shin",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 122781,
                    "first_name": "Kuan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 94397,
                    "first_name": "Drew",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Purves",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Artificial Intelligence and Robotics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Monitoring"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "ForestCast__Forecasting_deforestation_risk_at_scale_with_deep_learning v6.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/10674/download/19620/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "ForestCast__Forecasting_deforestation_risk_at_scale_with_deep_learning 7.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/10674/download/19690/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "ForestCast_pan_tropical (1).pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/10674/download/22049/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 13428,
            "title": "High-resolution pavement material data can improve estimates of water supply from precipitation to street trees",
            "abstract": "Impervious surfaces in urban landscapes strongly influence how precipitation supplies water to trees. Most data on imperviousness are satellite derived restricting our ability to analyze impacts of imperviousness at the scale of single tree catchments: the area covering tree roots. To address this challenge, we compiled a high-resolution dataset for Berlin, Germany, that specifies pavement materials, complementing it with hydrologic properties from the literature. Our approach aims to assess the accuracy of satellite-derived imperviousness in 71,311 tree catchments and analyze infiltration reduction due to the presence of pavement at the local, fine scale. We found substantial disagreement with satellite-derived imperviousness for ≈ 99 % of tree catchments and that satellite-derived data on average underestimates imperviousness by 13.1 %. High-resolution imperviousness correlated with reduced infiltration, yet catchments with similar imperviousness exhibited high variability and even bimodal distributions. These patterns can be explained by the dominant pavement material, highlighting the importance of high-resolution imperviousness data that capture pavement materials when assessing urban stormwater dynamics. In Berlin the mean annual infiltration reduction was 45.9 %, sometimes limiting water availability for Tilia below transpiration demand during the growing season. These results indicate that street trees in paved environments might experience modified climatic and hydraulic regimes decoupled from those dictated by regional climates. Our findings can help refine predictions of tree drought stress and stimulate field studies along imperviousness gradients. The outcomes can inform practice, e.g. tree water management, and climate adaptation strategies in urban planning, such as pavement removal or retrofitting of tree planting sites.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Street trees"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Imperviousness"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Pavement"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Stormwater infiltration"
                },
                {
                    "word": ""
                },
                {
                    "word": " Water management"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Open data"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Water management"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Open data"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-06-09T20:58:05.323285+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-06-09T21:30:25.675782+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-06-09T21:30:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X58B6M",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 138978,
                    "first_name": "Moreen",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Willaredt",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 138980,
                    "first_name": "Dagmar",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Haase",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 26621,
                    "first_name": "Alessandro",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ossola",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Willaredt et al 2026 High-resolution pavement material data.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/13428/download/23653/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12930,
            "title": "Diagnosing subseasonal and seasonal drivers of European and North African winter extremes using information theory",
            "abstract": "Diagnosing subseasonal and seasonal drivers of European and North African winter extremes using information theory",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Teleconnections"
                },
                {
                    "word": "extreme events"
                },
                {
                    "word": "information theory"
                },
                {
                    "word": "causal networks"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-05-06T15:47:37.992696+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-05-08T23:09:27.473615+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-05-08T23:09:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5FR01",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 85340,
                    "first_name": "Marlene",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kretschmer",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 136661,
                    "first_name": "Fiona",
                    "middle_name": "R.",
                    "last_name": "Spuler",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 136662,
                    "first_name": "Lluís",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Palma",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 136663,
                    "first_name": "Franscisco",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Doblas Reyes",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 26196,
                    "first_name": "Markus",
                    "middle_name": "G.",
                    "last_name": "Donat",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 136664,
                    "first_name": "Llorenc",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lledo",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 136665,
                    "first_name": "Christopher",
                    "middle_name": "D.",
                    "last_name": "Roberts",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7666,
                    "first_name": "Antje",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Weisheimer",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8807,
                    "first_name": "Theodore",
                    "middle_name": "G",
                    "last_name": "Shepherd",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Woo_manuscript_final_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12930/download/22922/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 9912,
            "title": "The effectiveness and potential cost-savings of operator select to manage brush and thin longleaf pine stands",
            "abstract": "<p>We present a case study where loggers thinned and managed brush in longleaf pine stands that went unmanaged for a lengthy period in Trinity County, Texas, USA. Stands were overstocked and had a dense, shrubby understory from years of fire exclusion. Our main objectives were to compare the outcomes and cost-savings of loggers selecting trees to thin, or “operator select”, versus timber marking, and whether they were different when attempting to restore longleaf pine stands to an open structure. We also worked closely with loggers to manage brush in place of conventional forestry mulching as a source of additional cost-savings. Twenty-one inventory plots were sampled during prethinning and post-thinning treatment stages, with half marked and the other half left unmarked. The location of unmarked plots was undisclosed to loggers and harvested by operator select methods. We measured no significant difference in forest inventory metrics at marked and unmarked plots following thinning. There was, however, better retention of longleaf pine and removal of loblolly pine in marked areas, and overall precision was higher in marked areas. QMD increased across all plots, woody vegetation decreased significantly, and reestablishment of herbaceous groundcover increased after following thinning with prescribed burning. Using this approach, an estimated $197.53 US per hectare cost for timber marking and $879.34 US per hectare for conventional mulching services was saved. This amounted to an estimated $876.35 US per hectare reduction in project cost to create open longleaf pine structure. When implementing operator select in longleaf pine stands, our results indicate that providing feedback to well qualified loggers can create comparable results to timber marking at a discounted cost, but with small tradeoffs in precision.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "No Creative Commons license",
                "short_name": "No CC license",
                "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.",
                "url": "https://escholarship.org"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "longleaf pine"
                },
                {
                    "word": "operator select"
                },
                {
                    "word": "southern pine"
                },
                {
                    "word": "timber marking"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-08-12T00:09:55.378000+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-08-12T00:58:16.360000+08:00",
            "date_published": "2025-08-12T00:58:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5WB4F",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 25854,
                    "first_name": "Brett",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lawrence",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-0419-0123"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 117677,
                    "first_name": "Jeremy",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Stovall",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 117678,
                    "first_name": "Matthew",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "McBroom",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Forest Management"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Forestry and Forest Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "thinning_manuscript_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9912/download/18371/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "thinning_manuscript_preprint.v2.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9912/download/18392/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "thinning_manuscript_v7_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9912/download/19808/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "thinning_manuscript_v9_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9912/download/22687/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 13673,
            "title": "Dust–Cloud Vertical Configurations Influence the Effective Radius of Low-Level Warm Clouds over Marine and Continental Environments",
            "abstract": "<p>Aerosol–cloud interactions remain a major source of uncertainty in climate forcing estimates, partly because cloud responses depend on the location of aerosols relative to clouds; yet for mineral dust, which accounting for about two-thirds of all aerosol mass, the effects of dust–cloud vertical configuration on cloud droplet effective radius remain unclear. Using multi-year observations from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement sites at the Eastern North Atlantic (ENA; marine) and Southern Great Plains (SGP; continental), we quantify the sensitivity of low-level warm-cloud effective radius to dust-layer optical depth—the dust aerosol–cloud interaction (dust-ACI) index—for dust located above (Top), within (Middle), and below (Bottom) clouds. These configurations modulate the sign and magnitude of the dust-ACI index. At ENA, the index is strongly positive for the Top configuration (0.130 ± 0.065), weakly positive for the Middle (0.080 ± 0.029), and slightly negative for the Bottom (−0.026 ± 0.021) configuration, whereas the Middle (−0.021 ± 0.057) and Bottom (0.086 ± 0.041) responses reversing signs at SGP. After controlling for meteorological covariability, dust-ACI indices become consistently positive across sites and configurations, revealing that thermodynamic changes associated with vertical configuration can mask an underlying dust microphysical brightening tendency. We propose potential mechanisms whereby dust-induced semi‑direct heating dominates in the Top configuration, enhancing stability and suppressing entrainment to yield smaller droplets, whereas the Middle and Bottom configurations reflect competing microphysical and semi‑direct pathways whose relative strengths differ between marine and continental regimes. These results show that dust effects on clouds cannot be inferred from dust loading alone, but require accurate representation of dust–cloud vertical configuration and environmental regime.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "date_submitted": "2026-06-25T13:06:55.808039+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-06-26T05:50:17.441859+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-06-26T05:50:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5XJ4T",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 139839,
                    "first_name": "Guoqing",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Gong",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 17197,
                    "first_name": "Adeyemi",
                    "middle_name": "A",
                    "last_name": "Adebiyi",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-7091-6872"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manucsript_vJGRA.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/13673/download/24014/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manucsript_vJGRA_merged.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/13673/download/24027/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12440,
            "title": "From Impact Chains to Decision-Support: Designing CRISP, a Climate Risk Planning Tool for Agri-Food Systems",
            "abstract": "Systematically integrating climate risk considerations into development planning remains a persistent challenge, particularly where a lot of information needs to be gathered and practical, accessible tools and databases are lacking. Existing climate risk assessment approaches are often complex, resource-intensive, or not designed for specific sectoral contexts. To address this gap, the Climate Risk Planning and Managing Tool (CRISP), a web-based platform designed to structure and present existing climate risk knowledge in a format accessible to practitioners for early-stage project design and decision-making was developed.\nCRISP is centred on a modular Impact Chain framework that visually plots how climate Hazards interact with Exposure and Vulnerability factors leading to cascading Impacts mitigated by Adaptation Options. Covering 23 agri-food systems, these expert-validated Impact Chains are embedded in a flexible, transparent and interactive platform designed for usability. Rather than generating new data, CRISP curates and organises dispersed information from scientific and policy sources, guiding users in formulating context-specific adaptation strategies.\nThe platform provides end users with interactive Impact Chain visualisations, featuring content selection, automated report generation, and embedded instructions, as well as a searchable repository of over 1200 additional resources for climate risk screening. In addition, the platform offers programmatic access to Impact Chain data through a CRISP knowledge graph built leveraging semantic technologies. This graph is structured according to the conceptual design, data structuring methodology, and technical architecture of CRISP illustrating how Impact Chains can serve as a bridge between high-level climate risk concepts and concrete planning needs. By improving access to structured climate risk knowledge, CRISP supports evidence-based and practicable climate adaptation planning in the agricultural sector.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "climate risk assessment"
                },
                {
                    "word": "impact chains"
                },
                {
                    "word": "agri-food systems"
                },
                {
                    "word": "decision-support tool"
                },
                {
                    "word": "knowledge graph"
                },
                {
                    "word": "farming systems"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-01T05:00:20.793246+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-01T21:40:05.443826+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-01T21:40:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5VX8H",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134326,
                    "first_name": "Kathrin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Renner",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-7757-799X"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 28788,
                    "first_name": "Massimiliano",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Pittore",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134327,
                    "first_name": "Piero",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Campalani",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-1032-9825"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134328,
                    "first_name": "Osana",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bonilla-Findji",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134329,
                    "first_name": "Laura",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Cramer",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-1559-3497"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134330,
                    "first_name": "Philip",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Thornton",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-1854-0182"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134331,
                    "first_name": "Alessandro",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mosca",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134332,
                    "first_name": "Amanda",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Gosling",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0009-0001-0953-2690"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134333,
                    "first_name": "Leah",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Gichuki",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134334,
                    "first_name": "Maike",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Voss",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0009-0001-2544-800X"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134335,
                    "first_name": "Marc",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zebisch",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-3530-7219"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Risk Analysis"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PCLM-D-26-00165.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12440/download/22204/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://gitlab.inf.unibz.it/crisp-kg",
                    "label": "Public data"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://crisp.eurac.edu",
                    "label": "Public data"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 12570,
            "title": "Climate variability introduces uncertainty into future emissions pathways",
            "abstract": "Uncertainty in long-term climate outcomes arises not only from physical processes but also from societal responses to climate variability and change. Here we embed a range of temperature anomalies into an empirically-informed, coupled climate–social model to investigate how natural temperature variability shapes global emissions trajectories. Using Monte Carlo ensembles spanning social, political, and technological parameters, we find that anomalous mid-century warmth accelerates the timing of net-zero emissions by several years, while anomalous cooling delays net-zero achievement. The response scales with the magnitude and persistence of variability with stronger and longer-lasting temperature anomalies producing larger shifts in mitigation timing. Across ensembles, high-variability climates are associated with higher emissions pathways and a greater likelihood of failing to reach net zero by 2100. Externally forced cooling events, such as volcanic eruptions, produce sharp impacts, delaying net zero by nearly a decade through temporary declines in public support for climate mitigation. These findings reveal that climate variability can cascade through perception, politics, and technology adoption to alter the pace of global mitigation, highlighting the sensitivity of emissions pathways to short-term climate signals.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "social-climate modeling"
                },
                {
                    "word": "social-climate interactions"
                },
                {
                    "word": "future emissions pathways"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-11T00:56:46.039069+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-11T06:17:18.115921+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-11T06:17:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5518B",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134933,
                    "first_name": "James",
                    "middle_name": "Gilroy",
                    "last_name": "Larson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-1458-7976"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 3595,
                    "first_name": "Patrick",
                    "middle_name": "W",
                    "last_name": "Keys",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-7250-1563"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 1753,
                    "first_name": "Frances",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Moore",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134934,
                    "first_name": "Jesse",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Burkhardt",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Atmospheric Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Climate"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Larson-etal-manuscript-EarthArXiv-4_10_26.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12570/download/22395/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Larson-etal-manuscript-EarthArXiv-4_10_26.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12570/download/22396/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12581,
            "title": "Learning-Based Methods and the Future of Numerical Ocean and Sea Ice Modeling",
            "abstract": "<p>The field of operational oceanography is undergoing a significant evolution with the increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) methods, which are complementing and, in some cases, redefining traditional numerical modeling approaches. This review explores how AI methods—particularly model-based autoregressive emulators, hybrid modeling, and end-to-end model-free approaches—are reshaping the representation of ocean and sea-ice dynamics in operational systems. We focus on three key objects: sea-ice parameters, near-surface ocean properties, and the 3D ocean state, each characterized by distinct observational and dynamical challenges. While AI-driven innovations offer new opportunities for improved monitoring, forecasting, and uncer- tainty quantification, their long-term impact on operational systems remains uncertain, especially given the sparsity of subsurface observations and the complexity of ocean dynamics. By synthesizing recent advances and identifying open questions, this paper aims to guide the ocean modeling community toward a future where AI and physics-based approaches coexist synergistically.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "ocean modeling"
                },
                {
                    "word": "sea-ice modeling"
                },
                {
                    "word": " sea-ice modeling"
                },
                {
                    "word": " operational oceanography"
                },
                {
                    "word": " machine learning"
                },
                {
                    "word": " deep learning"
                },
                {
                    "word": " artificial intelligence"
                },
                {
                    "word": "operational oceanography"
                },
                {
                    "word": "machine learning"
                },
                {
                    "word": "artificial intelligence"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-11T16:55:49.579770+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-11T22:23:29.551890+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-11T22:23:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5HB6S",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 135009,
                    "first_name": "Charlotte",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Durand",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135010,
                    "first_name": "Daria",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Botvynko",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135011,
                    "first_name": "Hugo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Frezat",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135012,
                    "first_name": "Davide",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Grande",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135013,
                    "first_name": "Andrea",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Storto",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135014,
                    "first_name": "David",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Greenberg",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135015,
                    "first_name": "Ronan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Fablet",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135016,
                    "first_name": "Said",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ouala",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 13137,
                    "first_name": "Julien",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Le Sommer",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "2026_annual_review_marine_science_models_v2.1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12581/download/22410/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/IGE-OPERA/ocean-sea-ice-emulators-living-review/",
                    "label": "Supplementary File"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 9531,
            "title": "AI-Assisted Voice Enabled Computing Framework for Hydrological Analysis",
            "abstract": "This work presents a web-based, voice-enabled, no-code platform for AI-assisted hydrological analysis. The system allows users to interact through natural language—via both text and speech—to retrieve data, utilize hydrological functions, and visualize spatial and analytical outputs. Core components include a conversational AI assistant utilizing Large Language Models, a modular analysis engine based on HydroSuite, and direct integration with hydrological data from federal agencies using HydroShare and other data and web services. Structured intent parsing, persistent session state, and dynamic map-layer control support multi-turn interactions and reproducible workflows. A case study over the Mississippi River Delta demonstrates how the platform enables guided exploration, layered data integration, and low-latency execution with minimal technical overhead. The platform lowers barriers for research, education, and decision-making in hydrology by combining AI reasoning with a transparent, accessible user interface. By enabling natural language interaction, data integration, and reproducible, multi-turn task processing, this system lays the foundation for automated hydrological research and operational workflows.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "large language models"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Map Dashboard"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Voice Recognition"
                },
                {
                    "word": "hydroinformatics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "No-Code"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-06-29T08:14:40.535000+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-07-01T21:01:22.130000+08:00",
            "date_published": "2025-07-01T21:01:00+08:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106833",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5C44Q",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 17139,
                    "first_name": "Carlos",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Erazo Ramirez",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-4337-2325"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 96548,
                    "first_name": "Ibrahim",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Demir",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Civil Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Computer and Systems Architecture"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Higher Education"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "HydroSuite-AI Assistant.EarthArxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9531/download/17768/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 8876,
            "title": "Origin of Silicic Magmas at Kibblewhite Volcano: Implications for Bimodal Volcanism in the Kermadec Arc",
            "abstract": "<p>Bimodal volcanism of basaltic and rhyolitic magmas in the Kermadec Arc has been attributed to the fractional crystallization of basaltic sources. However, new evidence from the Kibblewhite Volcano reveals two distinct differentiation pathways originating from mantle-derived basaltic and andesitic primary magmas. Here we employ geothermobarometric estimations, mass-balance calculations, and thermodynamic modeling to demonstrate that rhyolitic magmas in the Kibblewhite Volcano are derived from andesitic primary magmas through ~70% fractional crystallization. The andesite differentiation model provides a more efficient pathway for rhyolite generation than the basalt differentiation model, supported by rare earth element compositions and differentiation modelling. We propose a new hypothesis that bimodal volcanism in the Kermadec Arc arises from parallel differentiation of basaltic and andesitic primary magmas, a process facilitated by the thin crust in this arc and varied mantle melting conditions. This study challenges conventional basalt-centric paradigms of silicic magma genesis and highlights the importance of mantle-derived andesitic magmas in shaping oceanic arc volcanism.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "date_submitted": "2025-03-29T23:19:11.079000+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-03-29T23:55:38.669000+08:00",
            "date_published": "2025-03-29T23:55:00+08:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/iar.70043",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5WM7B",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 106274,
                    "first_name": "Yasuhiro",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hirai",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0009-0003-7566-1700"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 12291,
                    "first_name": "Yoshihiko",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Tamura",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Geochemistry"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Volcanology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "01_Manuscript_Silicic_Magma_Eartharxiv用.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/8876/download/16569/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Hirai and Tamura (2026).pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/8876/download/22222/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 13022,
            "title": "Geodynamic Model Description for Ptolemy’s Germania Magna",
            "abstract": "<p>This model proposes that the well-documented geodynamic and climatic disruption of the 6th century AD involved a reactivation of the ancient Caledonian Deformation Front (CDF) and the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ), most likely triggered by cosmic events in the form of impacts or airbursts. Large-scale inversion tectonics, driven by Alpine compressive forces, are argued to have caused substantial crustal deformation throughout Germania Magna during this period. Old extensional basins and zones of weakness were uplifted, folded, and shortened; with the Lausitz Block functioning as a rigid tectonic anchor, neighbouring crustal blocks — including the Fläming, Harz, and Thuringian Forest — underwent characteristic rotations and lateral displacements.</p>\n<p>The proposed consequences of this deformation cascade include catastrophic flooding, regional firestorms, and the widespread deposition of a distinctive Event-Dark-Earth (ED-E) sediment horizon. Concurrently, the Oceanus Germanicus (North Sea) experienced a significant northward regression, fundamentally altering the coastline geometry and decoupling the ancient, more compact shape of Germania Magna from its presentday configuration. This geodynamic transformation is advanced as an explanation for the abrupt collapse of ancient settlement structures documented in the archaeological record.</p>\n<p>The cartometric foundation of the model is a strictly affine transformation of Ptolemy’s Geographike Hyphegesis (c. 150 AD), anchored on the invariant Rhine–Elbe baseline and yielding a fixed global scaling factor of ≈28 km per Ptolemaic degree of longitude. Residual analysis of the gazetteer reveals a statistically significant eastward displacement of the Elster-Lusatia Cluster (Δλ = −93.1 km, t = −13.7, p &lt; 0.001, df = 3), which is incompatible with uniform cartographic measurement error and is interpreted as requiring a geodynamic, tectonic-block explanation. The extended evidence analysis and the Saale-Unstrut Fragment Impact Hypothesis develop these foundations in quantitative depth across Parts II–IV of this work.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Ptolemy"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Germania Magna"
                },
                {
                    "word": " geodynamics"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Caledonian Deformation Front"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Trans-European Suture Zone"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Germania Magna"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Caledonian Deformation Front"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Rectification Model"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Residual Analysis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Geographike Hyphegesis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Donnus Nicolaus Germanus"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Ancient Cartography"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Medieval Cartography"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Event-Dark-Earth (ED-E)"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Cartometric Transformation Model"
                },
                {
                    "word": "RMSE Analysis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Eastward Offset of the Elster Cluster"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Elster Cluster"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Vistula Fluvius"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Halley's Comet"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Schwarze Elster"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Black Elster"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Český Crater"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Model"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Working Hypothesis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Elster-Lusatia Cluster"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Kaolin Genesis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Storegga Slide"
                },
                {
                    "word": "anthracite stress metamorphism anomaly of Doberlug-Kirchhain"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Evidence Analysis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Doggerland"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-05-13T22:19:09.524648+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-05-13T23:35:35.000803+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-05-13T23:35:00+08:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.31223/X5KB51",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5KB51",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 96476,
                    "first_name": "Sven",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mildner",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0009-0005-8248-4866"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Analysis"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Astrophysics and Astronomy"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Dynamical Systems"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Dynamic Systems"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Applied Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Astrophysics and Astronomy"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Planetary Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Planetary Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Planetary Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Statistical Models"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Statistics and Probability"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Stratigraphy"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                },
                {
                    "name": "The Sun and the Solar System"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Volcanology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Geodynamic_Model_Description_for_Ptolemys_Germania_Magna__Fulltext___EarthArXiV__.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/13022/download/23080/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Geodynamic_Model_Description_for_Ptolemys_Germania_Magna___EarthArXiV__.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/13022/download/23086/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Geodynamic_Model_Description_for_Ptolemys_Germania_Magna___EarthArXiV__3.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/13022/download/23122/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Geodynamic_Model_Description_for_Ptolemys_Germania_Magna___EarthArXiV__4.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/13022/download/23148/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "geodynamic_model_description_for_ptolemys_germania_magna___eartharxiv__5.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/13022/download/23280/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.germania-magna.de/kartenoverlay-mit-den-geografischen-einheiten-der-germania-magna/",
                    "label": "Geospatial Features of Germania Magna (KML download for Google Earth)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.ancientmaps-geography.com/mildners-geodynamic-rectification-model-of-germania-magna-gazetteer#table",
                    "label": "Full Gazetteer with All Used Coordinates"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10968193",
                    "label": "A substantially expanded and revised version of this work (internal version 7.3), including a formal out-of-sample blind test, is available at Zenodo: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10968193"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 8228,
            "title": "On the assessment of sinking particle fluxes from in situ particle size distributions",
            "abstract": "<p>The biological carbon pump is a vital component of the global carbon cycle, particularly through sinking of particulate organic carbon (POC) to the ocean interior. Particle size distribution (PSD) observations from the Underwater Vision Profiler (UVP) have been widely used to quantify sinking POC fluxes. This approach assumes that the sinking POC flux is a function of the PSD multiplied by a power law relating particle size to sinking rates and carbon content. The coefficients of the power law are quantified by regressing UVP data against sediment trap flux observations. Here, we systematically assess the performance of this approach using a large UVP dataset of co-located and coincident sediment trap and thorium-234 flux observations from the North Pacific (50°N, 145°W, August 2018) and the North Atlantic (49°N, 16.5°W, May 2021) sampled during the EXPORTS (EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing) field campaign, which span both diverse environmental conditions and sinking flux values. Globally, when power law coefficients are evaluated over all sites and depths, the UVP flux method explains 80% of the variance in POC flux. However, when coefficients are determined using regional subsets of the EXPORTS dataset, the method performs poorly. Reasons include lack of knowledge of particle characteristics beyond PSD; undersampling of rare large particles; spatial and temporal scales mismatches between UVPs and flux observations; and difficulties arising from non-steady state conditions. To improve UVP-based sinking POC flux estimates regionally, additional data on particle characteristics such as transparency and morphology are needed.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Biological carbon pump"
                },
                {
                    "word": " particulate organic carbon"
                },
                {
                    "word": " particle imaging"
                },
                {
                    "word": " sediment traps"
                },
                {
                    "word": " thorium-234"
                },
                {
                    "word": " ocean carbon cycle"
                },
                {
                    "word": " sinking carbon export fluxes"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2024-12-17T04:54:29.136000+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2024-12-17T10:50:53.510000+08:00",
            "date_published": "2024-12-17T05:52:00+08:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JG008861",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5899D",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 94095,
                    "first_name": "Elena",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ceballos Romero",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-4622-8866"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 26094,
                    "first_name": "Ken",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Buesseler",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 26083,
                    "first_name": "Erik",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Fields",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 94097,
                    "first_name": "Rainer",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kiko",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 23183,
                    "first_name": "Margaret",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Estapa",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-8000-8517"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 94098,
                    "first_name": "Lee",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Karp-Boss",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 94099,
                    "first_name": "Samantha",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Clevenger",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 94100,
                    "first_name": "Laetitia",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Drago",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 35815,
                    "first_name": "David",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Siegel",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Biogeochemistry"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Earth Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "EarthArvix_EXPORTS-UVP.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/8228/download/15459/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "EarthArvix_EXPORTS-UVP.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/8228/download/15460/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "EarthArvix_EXPORTS-UVP_v2.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/8228/download/19829/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "EarthArvix_EXPORTS-UVP_v3.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/8228/download/20396/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Ceballos-et-al_MS_resubmission_3_final.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/8228/download/22162/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "EarthArvix_EXPORTS-UVP_v4.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/8228/download/22223/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28410668",
                    "label": "Supplementary File"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 12319,
            "title": "Sustainable Design from Waste Up: Irradiated Graphite Disposal Assessments to Inform Reactor Design and Operation",
            "abstract": "As Gen IV graphite-moderated reactor technologies advance to demonstration and deployment, the question must be answered of how, where, and when to dispose of the irradiated graphite waste produced from the operation of these facilities. This work presents an integrated assessment involving the entire graphite lifecycle in nuclear power production: impurity measurement of graphite grades, reactor simulations for source-term characterization, and repository simulations for subsurface radionuclide transport from a hypothetical near-surface low-level waste repository. This integration enables the feedback from the disposal assessment to evaluate the engineering design parameters. We demonstrate our approach based on a hypothetical repository with hydrogeological parameters representative of the arid western region in the US. Our results show that mobile carbon-14 is the largest contributor to radioactivity and offsite groundwater concentrations, and that crediting a graphite waste form reduces the concentrations significantly, since it limits the radionuclide release. The sensitivity analysis then shows the dominant impact of release rates from the waste forms compared to sorption and other transport parameters. In addition, reduced-order models are developed separately for the reactor model and repository model to combine two models in a modular structure, and to explore the acceptable nitrogen impurity and operational period for satisfying the repository criteria. The framework developed in this study enables us to quantify the risks associated with the disposal of major radioactive waste streams from advanced reactors, and to consider such characteristics in the reactor engineering designs. ",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Low Level Radioactive Waste"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Waste Management"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Performance Assessment"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Irradiated Graphite"
                },
                {
                    "word": "High Temperature Gas Reactor"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sustainable Design"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-25T04:38:08.506994+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-25T05:09:05.580715+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-25T05:09:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5PJ38",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 128275,
                    "first_name": "Liam",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hines",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 126556,
                    "first_name": "Haruko",
                    "middle_name": "Murakami",
                    "last_name": "Wainwright",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133878,
                    "first_name": "Lance",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Snead",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 128277,
                    "first_name": "Craig",
                    "middle_name": "H",
                    "last_name": "Benson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133879,
                    "first_name": "Anthony",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wickham",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Graphite Repository Paper EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12319/download/22025/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12764,
            "title": "Statistics of curvature in the submesoscale surface ocean",
            "abstract": "Ocean submesoscale (1--10\\,km) variability is hypothesised to contribute substantially to upper-ocean vertical exchange and heat fluxes, but the three-dimensional turbulent nature of the variability makes it difficult to interpret submesoscale variability dynamically. Statistics of velocity gradients are often analyzed to characterize the nature of submesoscale dynamics. Previous analyses show that intense convergence is concentrated in strain-dominated regions and have commonly associated these regions with fronts; however, straining can have many different forms, so strain dominance is not uniquely diagnostic of frontogenesis. Here, we introduce a flow-following (natural-coordinate) decomposition of the horizontal velocity gradients that separates vorticity and divergence into four components: shearing, curving, extension, and confluence/diffluence. We apply this decomposition to airborne Doppler scatterometer surface velocities, surface drifter trajectories, and a data-assimilating Navy Coastal Ocean Model simulation from the Submesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE). Across these datasets we find a pronounced cyclonic asymmetry not only in vorticity but also in its shearing and curving, implying that submesoscale strain asymmetry reflects both shear-dominant and curvature-dominant kinematics. Using idealised representations of surface quasi-geostrophic dynamics, Garrett--Munk internal waves, and wind-driven inertial oscillations, we show that these processes occupy distinct regions of the joint distributions, providing a conceptual dynamical basis for interpreting observed velocity-gradient statistics.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Submesoscale ocean dynamics"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-24T19:46:40.966611+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-25T06:27:41.657780+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-25T06:27:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5RJ5N",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 135811,
                    "first_name": "Leo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Middleton",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-2821-6992"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7141,
                    "first_name": "Andrey",
                    "middle_name": "Y.",
                    "last_name": "Shcherbina",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-4246-487X"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 89703,
                    "first_name": "J. Thomas",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Farrar",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "preprint_version.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12764/download/22676/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12421,
            "title": "Variation in Dissolved Oxygen Levels Between Agricultural and Protected Streams in Loudoun County, Virginia",
            "abstract": "Agricultural runoff can reduce dissolved oxygen (DO) in streams and increase the risk of hypoxia for aquatic organisms. We monitored four streams in Loudoun County, Virginia for four weeks to compare DO dynamics between two agricultural sites and two protected forested sites, and to observe the response to a 1.3 inch storm event. Sites were sampled twice daily for DO and related water quality parameters, with weekly nutrient samples. Agricultural streams had substantially lower mean DO than protected streams and a larger share of measurements below the 5.0 mg/L stress threshold. After the storm, DO in agricultural streams dropped sharply while protected sites remained within healthy ranges, suggesting reduced resilience to runoff pulses. These results indicate that agricultural land use is associated with chronic DO impairment and greater vulnerability to storm-driven hypoxia, and they support management strategies such as riparian buffer restoration and nutrient and runoff control",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nBY-NC-SA Compatible License means a license listed at creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicense Elements means the license attributes listed in the name of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this Public License are Attribution, NonCommercial, and ShareAlike.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nAdditional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material. Every recipient of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions of the Adapter’s License You apply.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nShareAlike.\r\nIn addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.\r\n\r\nThe Adapter’s License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-NC-SA Compatible License.\r\nYou must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "dissolved oxygen"
                },
                {
                    "word": "hypoxia"
                },
                {
                    "word": "agricultural runoff"
                },
                {
                    "word": "eutrophication"
                },
                {
                    "word": "nitrite toxicity"
                },
                {
                    "word": "nitrate pollution"
                },
                {
                    "word": "freshwater ecosystems"
                },
                {
                    "word": "oxidative stress"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-31T08:40:01.283205+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-02T01:30:34.448460+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-02T01:30:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X57467",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134284,
                    "first_name": "Shray",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Vij",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134281,
                    "first_name": "Ryan",
                    "middle_name": "Seunoy",
                    "last_name": "Nisay",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0009-0009-9348-8087"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "merged (pdf.io)-2.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12421/download/22181/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12322,
            "title": "Accuracy, Robustness and Comprehensibility – Challenges in bottom-up energy system models",
            "abstract": "This work provides a comprehensive framework for addressing key research gaps in bottom-up energy system modeling. While the field has experienced significant advancements in recent decades, largely due to improvements in computational capabilities and data availability, current models face persistent challenges in accuracy, robustness, and comprehensibility. While numerous review papers have examined specific aspects of energy system modeling challenges, no comprehensive framework exists that synthesizes all major challenges facing bottom-up energy system models under a unified structure. We propose a novel classification system that organizes these challenges into three fundamental categories, offering a structured approach to understanding and addressing them. Our conceptual framework, based on literature synthesis, proposes a thematic classification based on accuracy, robustness and comprehensibility as three pillars to map the challenges faced by bottom-up energy system models. For accuracy, we analyze the critical dimensions of temporal, spatial, techno-economic, and sector-coupling resolution, along with the importance of sector disaggregation. For robustness, we examine methods for addressing uncertainty and comparing frameworks, models, and scenario results. For comprehensibility, we discuss the importance of transparency, participatory processes, behavioral integration, environmental impact assessment, and multi-level modeling alignment. This holistic framework not only synthesizes existing knowledge but also offers a new perspective on advancing the methodological frontier of decarbonization modeling. The result is a clear roadmap of the overall challenges facing energy system models, along with a mapping of the current state-of-the-art including innovative methods for addressing specific issues within each pillar. By addressing these interrelated challenges, researchers can develop more accurate, reliable, and policy-relevant models to better guide the global energy transition and decarbonization efforts, ultimately enhancing the field's contribution to sustainable energy development at multiple scales.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Energy Systems"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Energy Modeling"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Energy Scenarios"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Energy Planning"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Policies"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Technologies"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-25T05:00:16.234299+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-25T05:10:00.198533+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-25T05:09:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5JR1B",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 133880,
                    "first_name": "Matteo Giacomo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Prina",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-3240-9156"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133881,
                    "first_name": "Michel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Noussan",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-4926-8369"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Electrical and Computer Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PCLM-D-26-00117.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12322/download/22027/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12323,
            "title": "An assessment of small rural and micro-enterprises as pathways out of poverty. Insights from KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa",
            "abstract": "Rural poverty continues to pose a significant development challenge in South Africa, marked by pronounced inequality, persistent unemployment, and substantial dependence on social grants. The present study investigates whether household-level micro and small enterprises (MSEs) function as effective pathways out of poverty or primarily as coping mechanisms for survival in the Izingolweni area of KwaZulu-Natal. Employing a community-level cross-sectional design within a positivist paradigm, data were collected from 759 purposively selected household heads engaged in MSEs across sectors such as poultry, petty trade, and vending. Descriptive results show that 60.4% of participants receive government grants; however, formal savings (13.4%) and active product sales (13.9%) remain low. Multinomial logistic regression analysis demonstrates that education has a significant positive effect on participation in higher-potential sectors such as poultry and petty trading. The findings also reveal gender disparities, with male participants being four times more likely to engage in vending and showing significantly greater involvement of women in catering. Moreover, a prolonged investment duration was determined to enhance the probability of participation across nearly all enterprise categories. The results show that MSEs are important for survival, but they can't do much to help people get out of poverty because of structural problems like bad infrastructure and limited access to capital. The study concludes that focused business training and improved market access are essential to convert these survivalist enterprises into enduring catalysts for rural economic development.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Rural entrepreneurship"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Micro and small enterprises (MSEs)"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Poverty alleviation"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Livelihood strategies"
                },
                {
                    "word": " KwaZulu-Natal"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-25T05:00:17.318950+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-25T21:17:50.247897+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-25T21:17:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5F18T",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 133882,
                    "first_name": "Onismo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Muzah",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133883,
                    "first_name": "Liboster",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mwadzingeni",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "International and Area Studies"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PSTR-D-26-00073.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12323/download/22028/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 7535,
            "title": "Rapid Fault Leakage Modelling for CO2 Storage in Saline Aquifers",
            "abstract": "<p>Simulating the fluid flow along fault zones at different scales is essential for predicting the CO2 leakage and containment during injection and storage. However, this can be challenging, especially in the early stages of a storage project when knowledge of the reservoir and caprock is limited and the cost of obtaining the relevant data is high. This study proposes a tool for fast screening of fault leakage at the site screening stage. The tool uses a vertically integrated reservoir model coupled with an upscaled fault leakage function based on source/sink relations. The fault is conceptualized as an increased vertical permeability through the caprock due to the presence of a fracture network in the damage zone and a reduced horizontal permeability in the reservoir due to fault throw and presence of a low-permeability fault core. Simulation results of various CO2 injection scenarios in a reservoir with potential for fault leakage demonstrate that the tool can produce physically consistent leakage predictions. The computationally efficient model presented in this study is a valuable tool for quantifying uncertainties in key fault parameters, and other constitutive relations that affect the behavior of the storage reservoir and potential fault leakage. By incorporating this tool into the site screening stage, stakeholders can quickly screen the risk of CO2 leakage along faults across a range of possible storage sites and subsequently design targeted data acquisition campaigns to better characterize and model the faults. Overall, the proposed tool is a cost-effective and efficient method for screening fault leakage risk during CO2 injection and storage, helping to ensure safe and effective carbon storage.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "CO2 Leakage"
                },
                {
                    "word": "faults"
                },
                {
                    "word": "CCS"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Vertical Equilibrium Modelling"
                },
                {
                    "word": "MRST"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2024-08-12T23:07:52.864000+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2024-08-12T23:16:22.067000+08:00",
            "date_published": "2024-08-12T19:16:00+08:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2025WR041074",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5S12N",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 47512,
                    "first_name": "Hariharan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ramachandran",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-5979-0930"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 35573,
                    "first_name": "Iain",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "de Jonge-Anderson",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-9438-8194"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 84907,
                    "first_name": "Ikhwanul",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hafizi Musa",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 12335,
                    "first_name": "Uisdean",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Nicholson",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 84908,
                    "first_name": "Chee Phuat",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Tan",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 47513,
                    "first_name": "Sebastian",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Geiger",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 37008,
                    "first_name": "Florian",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Doster",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Chemical Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Petroleum Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Risk Analysis"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manuscript_RapidFaultLeakageModeling_Final_PrePrint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/7535/download/14341/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manuscript_RapidFaultLeakageModeling_ProofReadingVersion.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/7535/download/22322/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manuscript_RapidFaultLeakageModeling_ProofReadingVersion.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/7535/download/22333/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12459,
            "title": "Rethinking land take futures: A cellular automata-based spatial planning approach to model urban expansion and densification under divergent growth scenarios",
            "abstract": "Land take - the conversion of greenfield land into built-up areas - poses critical challenges for sustainable urban development. Addressing this issue requires understanding the balance between outward urban expansion and inward urban densification. This study employs a Multinomial Logistic Regression-based Cellular Automata (MNL-CA) model to simulate two different future scenarios of urban development till 2050 in Wallonia, Belgium - a region experiencing rapid urbanisation.\nThe model simulates two contrasting built-up demand scenarios. The first scenario is density-based, which follows a linear extrapolation of historical trends in built-up demand into the future. Conceptually, this scenario represents a gradual slowdown of urban expansion, indicating a shift to densification. The second applies a stress-test scenario in which urban expansion continues steadily through 2050.\nThe results reveal that under the density-based scenario referred to as Business-As-Usual (BAU), expansion rates decrease sharply, stabilising at approximately 0 hectares per day by 2040. This indicates a shift toward compact urban forms, albeit accompanied by a continuous decline in overall demand. By contrast, the growth-based scenario or Growth-As-Usual (GAU) produces ongoing expansion at around 2.5 hectares per day in 2050, highlighting the risks of uncontrolled land consumption. Spatial metrics further demonstrate that the density-based scenario fosters compact and contiguous development, whereas the growth-based scenario results in fragmented urban forms that challenge the resilience of spatial planning policies.\nBy evaluating both scenarios, our model provides a framework for stress-testing long-term development strategies, enabling more robust assessments for sustainable land-use policy.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Business-As-Usual"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Scenario Modelling"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Cellular Automata"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Spatial Planning"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Sustainable Cities and Communities"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Scenario Modelling"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Cellular Automata"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Spatial Planning"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sustainable Cities and Communities"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-02T00:30:24.545719+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-02T01:38:24.949173+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-02T01:38:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5ZN11",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 133691,
                    "first_name": "Anasua",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Chakraborty",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-2901-6324"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134403,
                    "first_name": "Ahmed",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mustafa",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134404,
                    "first_name": "Lien",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Poelmans",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134405,
                    "first_name": "Jacques",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Teller",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Studies"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geographic Information Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Spatial Science"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "EarthArXiv_Manuscript.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12459/download/22226/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 10628,
            "title": "Reversal of extreme precipitation trends over the Northeast US in response to aggressive climate mitigation in GFDL SPEAR",
            "abstract": "<p>Rapid reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations are increasingly included in mitigation strategies, yet the response of regional climate extremes to such reductions remain highly uncertain. Here, we assess projected changes in extreme precipitation over the Northeast US under an aggressive overshoot mitigation pathway (SSP5-3.4OS), simulated by the fully coupled 25-km GFDL SPEAR climate model. In this scenario, hypothetical mitigation efforts are introduced starting in 2041, with net-negative GHG emissions achieved by the late 21st century. The frequency of extreme precipitation over the Northeast US increases through mid-century under higher radiative forcing but begins to decline following the sharp reductions in GHG concentrations. However, the rate of decrease exhibits pronounced seasonality. In the warm season, extreme precipitation frequency begins to decline shortly after GHG drawdown begins, returning by 2100 to levels comparable to those of the early 21st century. In the cold season, on the other hand, the response is delayed; the frequency of extreme precipitation continues rising for roughly a decade after the peak global mean warming and exhibits hysteresis behavior. By 2100, cold-season extremes only then return to mid-century levels. This delayed response in the cold season is spatially heterogeneous, suggesting that major metropolitan areas in the Northeast – with dense populations and vulnerable infrastructure – may experience different seasonal changes in response to the same climate migration efforts. These results highlight the benefit of climate mitigation in reducing extreme precipitation events, but also the complexity of regional climate responses, which can be modulated by seasonality, local-scale effects, and other factors.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "extreme precipitation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Climate variability"
                },
                {
                    "word": "climate change"
                },
                {
                    "word": "overshoot"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Climate Mitigation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Reversibility"
                },
                {
                    "word": "climate impacts"
                },
                {
                    "word": "climate models"
                },
                {
                    "word": "large ensembles"
                },
                {
                    "word": "future scenarios"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Northeast US"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-10-25T00:19:41.733000+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-10-25T05:13:36.282000+08:00",
            "date_published": "2025-10-24T09:20:00+08:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae51a6",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X59443",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 122249,
                    "first_name": "Bor-Ting",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Jong",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 16938,
                    "first_name": "Zachary",
                    "middle_name": "Michael",
                    "last_name": "Labe",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-6394-7651"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 105697,
                    "first_name": "Thomas",
                    "middle_name": "L.",
                    "last_name": "Delworth",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 105701,
                    "first_name": "William",
                    "middle_name": "F.",
                    "last_name": "Cooke",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "NEUS_extreme_preicp_mitigation_Jong_etal_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/10628/download/19509/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12456,
            "title": "Platinum-Group Element systematics in the North Atlantic Igneous Province: new insights from Northern Irish and Irish magmatism",
            "abstract": "The North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP) is one of the most prospective regions for Ni-Cu-Platinum-Group Element (PGE) mineralisation in Europe, and recent studies have discovered elevated PGE concentrations within its early lavas and minor intrusions comprising the British and Irish Palaeogene Igneous Province (BIPIP).  This study presents an extended digital map of the regional mafic dyke swarms associated with the BIPIP in Northern Ireland and Ireland and a comprehensive new geochemical dataset of these magma conduits, the Antrim Lava Group and associated minor intrusions, including PGE and Au analyses. Digital mapping using aerial electromagnetic data reveals a high density of dyke-related anomalies on the island of Ireland. Dyke density and orientation indicate at least one swarm originating from an onshore Palaeogene igneous centre (Slieve Gullion, Carlingford, possibly Dromore High), whilst others are likely propagating from submarine igneous centres in the North Atlantic. The origins and evolution of dyke swarms provide context for interpreting variations in PGE abundances. Previous authors have highlighted that early NAIP magmatic rocks (e.g., Greenland and Scotland) had high Pt/Pd ratios (~1.9), while younger sequences (e.g., Iceland) trend towards lower ratios (~0.4). Our data reveal that Irish BIPIP centres record a similar transition with an average Pt/Pd ratio of 1.6 ± 0.8, reflecting an evolving geodynamic setting where the magmatic conditions transitioned from intra-plate volcanism through to the inception of continental rifting and ocean opening. A close spatiotemporal association between variable Pt/Pd in BIPIP rocks in Ireland and high Pt/Pd in BIPIP rocks in Scotland suggests that the geodynamic transition occurred within a geologically short time interval (&lt;1 Myr). Results from our samples attest to widespread sulphide saturation, supporting the potential for orthomagmatic Ni-Cu-PGE mineralisation within related central complexes or magmatic feeder networks.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "North Atlantic Igneous Province"
                },
                {
                    "word": " British and Irish Palaeogene Igneous Province"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Icelandic plume"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Platinum Group Elements"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Dykes"
                },
                {
                    "word": "British and Irish Palaeogene Igneous Province"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Icelandic plume"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Platinum Group Elements"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Dykes"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-01T23:40:48.775279+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-02T01:49:07.910363+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-02T01:49:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5KF52",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134396,
                    "first_name": "Anna",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Morrison",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133413,
                    "first_name": "Michael",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Stock",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-7208-4301"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133415,
                    "first_name": "Mark",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Cooper",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133416,
                    "first_name": "Jens",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Andersen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134397,
                    "first_name": "Hannah",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hughes",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 111617,
                    "first_name": "Elliot",
                    "middle_name": "J",
                    "last_name": "Carter",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133279,
                    "first_name": "Jack",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Beckwith",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 16396,
                    "first_name": "Iain",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "McDonald",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134398,
                    "first_name": "Andrew",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kerr",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134399,
                    "first_name": "Paul",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mohr",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Geochemistry"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Volcanology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "A_Morrison_PGE_manucript_SUBMITTED.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12456/download/22224/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12984,
            "title": "Spatiotemporal Evolution of Urban Thermal Conditions, Vegetation Dynamics, and Built-up Expansion in Ahmedabad, India (2000–2025) Using Multi-Temporal Landsat Analysis.",
            "abstract": "<p>Rapid urban expansion has substantially altered urban thermal conditions across many semi-arid cities. This study examined spatiotemporal variation in land surface temperature (LST), vegetation cover, and built-up intensity across Ahmedabad, India, between 2000 and 2025 using multi-temporal Landsat imagery and the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Spatial analysis revealed progressive expansion of high-temperature urban zones and increasing intra-urban thermal heterogeneity, particularly across densely urbanised eastern and central sectors of the city. Mean LST increased from 46.11°C in 2000 to 51.60°C in 2020 before declining during the 2025 acquisition period. Regression and correlation analyses indicated persistent negative relationships between vegetation cover and LST, whereas built-up intensity remained positively associated with elevated thermal conditions. Temporal analyses further suggested increasingly heterogeneous vegetation-temperature relationships through time, with later years exhibiting broader thermal variability across comparable NDVI ranges despite localised increases in vegetation cover. The final multivariate regression model explained substantial variation in LST (Adjusted R² = 0.690). Overall, the findings indicate that continued urban expansion in Ahmedabad was associated with increasingly heterogeneous urban thermal conditions and changing vegetation-temperature relationships across the metropolitan region, highlighting the importance of ecological continuity and spatial vegetation distribution in climate-sensitive urban planning within rapidly urbanising semi-arid cities.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Urban Heat Island"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Land Surface Temperature"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Ahmedabad"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Remote Sensing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Google Earth Engine"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Urban Expansion"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Urban Thermal Heterogeneity"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Semi-arid Cities"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-05-11T18:46:53.685101+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-05-11T21:41:38.617951+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-05-11T21:41:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5HJ3Q",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 137178,
                    "first_name": "Stephen",
                    "middle_name": "Antheny",
                    "last_name": "Mekwan",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-5249-3167"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Climate"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Sustainability"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Mekwan_Ahmedabad_LST_Remote_Sensing_2025.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12984/download/23021/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Mekwan_Ahmedabad_LST_Remote_Sensing_2025_v2.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12984/download/23030/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12964,
            "title": "EGMSpy: an open-source Python toolkit for scalable data handling, classification, clustering, and visualisation of Copernicus EGMS InSAR data",
            "abstract": "<p>The Copernicus European Ground Motion Service (EGMS) provides millimetre-accuracy line-of-sight displacement measurements for over five billion coherent scatterers across Europe, derived from Sentinel-1 SAR interferometry over the period 2015--2023. Despite the unprecedented spatial coverage and measurement density of this dataset, no open-source integrated toolchain exists for processing, classifying, clustering, and interactively visualising EGMS data at the regional to continental scale without resorting to subsampling or proprietary software. In this paper, we introduce EGMSpy, a fully open-source Python pipeline that ingests raw EGMS L2b CSV tiles, compresses them into a federated split-GeoParquet database (metadata and time series stored separately, linked by a unique point identifier), applies a physics-informed hybrid rule/GMM time series classifier to assign each point to a geophysical deformation class, groups spatially and dynamically coherent deforming areas using a velocity-weighted three-dimensional DBSCAN algorithm, and serves the entire dataset to an interactive Leaflet.js web viewer via a Flask/DuckDB REST bridge capable of sub-100\\,ms viewport queries over hundreds of millions of points. The pipeline is demonstrated on the northern Italy EGMS L2b dataset (2019--2023), comprising 433 tile pairs (approx. 300 million coherent scatterers, 104GB on disk), processed on a single workstation. Internal quality control confirms that the toolkit's OLS-derived velocity features are consistent with the official EGMS pre-computed velocities (RMSE=0.096mm\\yr^-1, bias=-0.001mmyr^-1, r$=0.9993, n$=99,751). All code is released under the MIT licence and is available at https://github.com/fcatani/EGMSpy (repository in beta v1.0).</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nBY-NC-SA Compatible License means a license listed at creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicense Elements means the license attributes listed in the name of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this Public License are Attribution, NonCommercial, and ShareAlike.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nAdditional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material. Every recipient of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions of the Adapter’s License You apply.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nShareAlike.\r\nIn addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.\r\n\r\nThe Adapter’s License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-NC-SA Compatible License.\r\nYou must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "InSAR monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "word": "EGMS"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Big data analysis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Ground displacements"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Natural hazards"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-05-08T22:25:58.435215+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-05-09T09:46:04.584560+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-05-08T14:50:00+08:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.31223/X55B59",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X55B59",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 16691,
                    "first_name": "Filippo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Catani",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-5185-4725"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 16690,
                    "first_name": "Mario",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Floris",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 16689,
                    "first_name": "Lorenzo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Nava",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-2327-8721"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 137047,
                    "first_name": "Caterina",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Palmieri",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 137048,
                    "first_name": "Rebecca",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Todde",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geomorphology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "EGMSpy_EarthXiv_v7.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12964/download/22984/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "EGMSpy_EarthXiv_v8.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12964/download/22985/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "EGMSpy_EarthXiv_Submission_May_2026 v.10.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12964/download/23032/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12460,
            "title": "First Empirical Measurement of k G on Mars via InSight/ELYSE Seismic Data: A Two-Planet Validation of the Gasque Compliance",
            "abstract": "We present the first empirical measurement of the Gasque compliance index k\nG\n= π × f₀ / (Q ×\nV\ns\n) on Mars, using 8.3 GB of InSight/ELYSE broadband seismic data (XB network, 2019–2022)\nprocessed with the Harmonic Matched Filter (HMF) pipeline. From 4,645,686 stacked PSD\nwindows and 91 candidate frequencies tested via permutation (N = 1,000), five spectral\nfeatures are recovered at p &lt; 0.05, including a harmonic series at f₀ = 0.95, 1.90, and 3.80 Hz\n(ratio 1:2:4) consistent with a resonant crustal structure at approximately 315 m depth. The\nempirical k\nG\nfor Martian basalt at Elysium Planitia is k\nG\n= 0.00455 ± 0.00199 /km, within 30.5%\nof the theoretical prediction k\nG\n= π × 1.0 Hz / (400 × 1.2 km/s) = 0.00654 /km. Combined with\nthe terrestrial validation across 23 FDSN stations (Gasque, 2026a, 2026b), the master curve k\nG\n∝ 1/Q now spans two planets and four orders of magnitude in k\nG\n, consistent with a power-law\nexponent β = 2.50 (r² = 0.228). These results demonstrate the cross-planetary transferability of\na single-station passive seismic compliance index derived entirely from public open-access\narchives.\nPlain Language Summary: We used NASA's InSight seismometer on Mars to measure a new\nindex — k\nG\n— that describes how seismic waves attenuate in rock. The same index was\npreviously measured on Earth using data from the Valley of the Kings in Egypt and other\ngeological sites. Our Mars measurement agrees with theoretical predictions to within 31%,\nconfirming that k\nG\nis a universal property of rock that holds across planets.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Mars seismology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "InSight"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ELYSE"
                },
                {
                    "word": "kG compliance index"
                },
                {
                    "word": "seismic attenuation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "HMF"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Elysium Planitia"
                },
                {
                    "word": "2-planet validation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "open data"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-02T03:55:23.694432+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-02T04:49:35.891867+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-02T04:49:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5FN34",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134203,
                    "first_name": "benjamin",
                    "middle_name": "gasque",
                    "last_name": "gasque",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0009-0003-7018-5813"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Planetary Geophysics and Seismology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Article-25-kG-Mars-InSight-GRL-3.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12460/download/22229/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12772,
            "title": "Overshoot pathways of 1.5°C: reversible biophysical change, irreversible socioeconomic impacts",
            "abstract": "<p>Exceedance of 1.5°C in the near term is now unavoidable. Among pathways consistent with the remaining carbon budget, an overshoot pathway, in which exceedance is followed by decline to or below 1.5°C through net-negative emissions, is the best case of what remains achievable. Permanent exceedance produces strictly worse outcomes, yet even an overshoot pathway leaves lasting legacies. We propose a three-layer analytical framework distinguishing the hazard (the four overshoot dimensions: magnitude, duration, rate of exceedance, and rate of decline), the biophysical response (reversible vs. persistent change), and the socioeconomic outcome (reversible vs. irreversible impact). We introduce the socioeconomic commitment threshold, an adaptation limit that is endogenous to the overshoot trajectory, beyond which cumulative overshoot effects commit socioeconomic losses that persist after temperatures decline, governed by three mechanisms: non-substitutability, threshold-crossing, and lock-in. A typology linking biophysical persistence with socioeconomic irreversibility illustrates that reversible biophysical change can produce irreversible socioeconomic loss, while persistent biophysical change need not produce irreversible outcomes where adaptive capacity is sufficient. Whether temporary exceedance produces permanent harm is determined primarily by socioeconomic factors, not biophysical ones. For systems and communities with low adaptive capacity, overshoot concentrates irreversible legacies even where temperatures subsequently decline, placing justice at the center of overshoot assessment.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Climate overshoot"
                },
                {
                    "word": "socioeconomic commitment threshold"
                },
                {
                    "word": "committed socioeconomic impacts"
                },
                {
                    "word": "losses and damages"
                },
                {
                    "word": "adaptation limits"
                },
                {
                    "word": "carbon dioxide removal."
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-25T06:49:10.249774+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-26T14:33:48.074219+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-26T14:33:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5KV1P",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 135842,
                    "first_name": "Alaa",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Al Khourdajie",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135843,
                    "first_name": "Marina",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Andrijevic",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 105955,
                    "first_name": "Edward",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Byers",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-0349-5742"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135844,
                    "first_name": "Minal",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Pathak",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135845,
                    "first_name": "Anaa",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Pirani",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 105988,
                    "first_name": "Carl-Friedrich",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Schleussner",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 74315,
                    "first_name": "Rupert",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Stuart-Smith",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "os_impacts_al_khourdajie_etal_-si_earxiv-EA.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12772/download/22706/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "OS_Impacts_Al_Khourdajie_etal_ SI_EArXiv_v1.1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12772/download/22721/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12321,
            "title": "Uncertainty-Aware Bayesian Machine Learning for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping: in the Chattogram Metropolitan Hill System, Bangladesh",
            "abstract": "Landslide-prone hilly regions experiencing rapid urban expansion need susceptibility models that provide both robust predictive performance and transparent uncertainty estimates. This study develops an uncertainty-aware probabilistic framework for landslide susceptibility mapping in Bangladesh’s Chattogram metropolitan hill system, incorporating 14 conditioning factors: geomorphological, hydrological, environmental, and anthropogenic. Multicollinearity analysis, i.e., VIF and tolerance, verified the statistical stability of the predictors. We compared four classifiers, Bayesian Logistic Regression, Gaussian Process Classifier, L2-regularized Logistic Regression, and Random Forest, within a standardized preprocessing pipeline. Models were evaluated using cross-validation, holdout testing, and spatial block validation, with metrics for discrimination, robustness, and calibration. Random Forest had the strongest discrimination (ROC-AUC = 0.866; MCC = 0.611) on the holdout set, while the Gaussian Process Classifier showed better probability calibration (ECE = 0.084) with competitive discrimination (ROC-AUC = 0.821) among Bayesian models. Susceptibility and uncertainty were combined in a 3×3 scheme to visualize hazard and confidence. Mapping showed that 78.71% of landslides were in the Very High class, covering only 9.47% of the area (SCAI = 0.12). These results show that uncertainty-aware Bayesian modeling with bivariate spatial integration enhances interpretability and provides transparent hazard assessments in data-limited urban hill areas.[",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Landslide susceptibility; Bayesian inference; Gaussian processes; Uncertainty quantification; SCAI."
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-26T02:19:22.080081+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-26T02:43:10.387943+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-26T02:42:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X55J40",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 133877,
                    "first_name": "Golam",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Murad",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0009-0006-7232-1788"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133913,
                    "first_name": "Md. Aftabur",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rahman",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133914,
                    "first_name": "Shotabdy",
                    "middle_name": "Chowdhury",
                    "last_name": "Srabony",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133915,
                    "first_name": "Shafiq",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mahmud",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Bayesian LSM_CMA.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12321/download/22047/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/murad-geoAi/LSM_ChittagongMetropolitonArea",
                    "label": "GitHub Repository"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 12991,
            "title": "Can Hyperscale Data Centers Alter Local Meteorology in the Kathmandu Valley? A Simulation-Based Assessment",
            "abstract": "There is growing interest in Nepal in hosting large data centers inside the Kathmandu Valley, but how the valley’s atmosphere would respond to substantial additional heat emissions remains uncertain. The Kathmandu Valley is a closed bowl-shaped basin surrounded by mountains, with persistent nocturnal cold pools and weak boundary-layer winds that limit the dispersal of pollutants and heat from the basin. These features make it a difficult receiving environment for a large data center, whose operation produces huge quantities of waste heat that must be released into the local atmosphere. This study presents a scientific assessment of whether siting such a facility in the valley would cause measurable temperature changes in the city, intended to scientifically inform the ongoing public discussion. We use publicly available satellite and reanalysis datasets, including ERA5-Land, MODIS, Sentinel-2, ESA WorldCover, GHSL built-up, and SRTM elevation data, to estimate the additional heat that a hypothetical 50, 150, or 500 megawatt data center would inject into the valley atmosphere if placed on the southern valley floor. The analytical results show that the temperature impact during daytime would be small, because afternoon up-valley winds advect the heat plume away from the urban core. At night, however, drainage flow reverses the wind direction and carries the plume toward central Kathmandu, raising local temperatures by approximately 0.1 to 0.5 °C for a medium-sized facility and 0.4 to 2.0 °C for a very large one. Based on these results, a small data center on the order of 50 megawatts is of limited meteorological concern under the valley's regime, while larger facilities produce a temperature signature that becomes measurable at the urban core. While this study evaluates atmospheric implications, the broader environmental feasibility of hyperscale data-center deployment depends heavily on freshwater use and wastewater management. It remains unclear how such demand, along with cooling-related wastewater discharge, would be managed. These hydrological implications therefore require dedicated assessment before any large-scale data-center development is approved.\n",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Simulation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Data Center"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Data center"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Data"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Kathmandu"
                },
                {
                    "word": "DataCenter"
                },
                {
                    "word": "datacenter"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-05-11T23:40:59.099865+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-05-12T02:21:29.416174+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-05-12T02:21:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5MB6Q",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 133289,
                    "first_name": "Sujan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bhattarai",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0009-0002-6642-2241"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 137195,
                    "first_name": "Saroj",
                    "middle_name": "Prasad",
                    "last_name": "Mainali",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 137196,
                    "first_name": "Suman",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bhattarai",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Bhattarai_DC_Kathmandu_Valley_FINAL (2).pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12991/download/23031/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 13384,
            "title": "Impacts of short-term weather on communicable enteric infectious diseases in western Europe: A case study of the Republic of Ireland, 2009–2020",
            "abstract": "The incidence of sporadic enteric infections at temperate latitudes, including much of western Europe, vary seasonally, and as such are forecasted to shift in response to global climate changes. Understanding the associations between weather patterns and infection incidence is crucial to focus future surveillance efforts and minimise disease transmission. Accordingly, the relationship between antecedent mean ambient temperature, cumulative rainfall and weekly de-seasonalised incidence rates of three communicable pathogens, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, and Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC), delineated by five distinct settlement type classifications across the Republic of Ireland were investigated. A two-phase modelling strategy was employed, initiated via seasonal decomposition and followed by Bayesian structural time-series (BSTS) modelling of infection incidence using 0–20-week distributed temperature and rainfall lags. Models indicate that STEC enteritis is the most “climate driven” infection studied (R2=0.577), followed by cryptosporidiosis (R2=0.355) and campylobacteriosis (R2=0.207). Associations between antecedent local weather variables and infection differed significantly with respect to settlement type: national-scale patterns of campylobacteriosis reflected a combination of i) urban incidence characterised by an association with short-term (0-4 weeks) antecedent temperature (suggesting shifting social behaviours e.g., food consumption), and ii) rural incidence driven by long-term temperatures (10-18 weeks) and short-term precipitation (1-2 weeks) (indicating bimodal transmission mechanisms). Conversely, STEC enteritis exhibited high levels of variance with respect to antecedent hydrometeorological variables across both urban commuter (R2=0.495) and rural commuter (R2=0.407) areas, settlement types often characterised by high concurrent reliance on private water supplies, domestic wastewater treatment systems, and livestock grazing across much of Western Europe. Study findings may be used to inform development of risk-based, pathogen-specific surveillance strategies based on observed and future weather conditions to mitigate the human health impacts of climate change across temperate high-income regions.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "STEC Infection"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Cryptosporidiosis"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Campylobacteriosis"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Epidemiology"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Bayesian Time Series"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-06-06T05:00:21.319551+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-06-06T05:54:47.328820+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-06-06T05:54:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5ZZ14",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 138834,
                    "first_name": "Martin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Boudou",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 138835,
                    "first_name": "Jean",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "O’Dwyer",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 138836,
                    "first_name": "Patricia",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Garvey",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 138837,
                    "first_name": "Coilin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "O'hAiseadha",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 138838,
                    "first_name": "Paul",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hynds",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Public Health"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PCLM-D-26-00272.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/13384/download/23586/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12336,
            "title": "A Systematic Review of Arsenic, Lead, and Manganese Occurrence through Drinking Water in East Africa",
            "abstract": "Toxic metals (TMs) harm human health, causing cancers, irreversible neurocognitive impairment, and cardiovascular disease. Drinking water is an important source of exposure to TMs. However, current peer-reviewed literature does not adequately capture or synthesize the extent of TM occurrence in drinking water in East Africa. The goal of this systematic review is to report and synthesize available evidence on the occurrence of TMs in drinking water across the region.\nA global systematic review of TMs in drinking water was recently conducted by Fisher et al., and data from East Africa were used for this analysis. A search of studies from PubMed, EBSCO Global Health, and Web of Science was conducted in 2019, with a search update in March 2025. We included studies published in English after 1968 that included a primary measurement of at least one TM of interest in drinking water in the region.\nIn total, 111 studies (of the 3,993 reported in the larger systematic review) met these criteria. Among TMs of health concern, sufficient East African observations were available for Arsenic, Lead, and Manganese, making these the focus of this regional review. For each metal, average concentrations and the percentage of observations exceeding World Health Organization Guideline Values were calculated, with further analysis of observations by Urban and Rural and by Joint Monitoring Programme Improved and Unimproved categorization. 24%, 17%, and 31% of observations of Arsenic, Lead, and Manganese exceeded their respective WHO Guideline Values. Additionally, many urban centers and large portions of the region were geographically underrepresented in the literature. The synthesized data are sufficient to recommend primary prevention and progressive remediation efforts to prevent and minimize exposure to TMs in drinking water across East Africa. Nevertheless, substantive literature gaps remain, indicating a need for further research across much of the region.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Toxic Metals"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Drinking Water"
                },
                {
                    "word": "East Africa"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Arsenic"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Manganese"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Lead"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Cadmium"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Public Health"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Heavy Metals"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-26T05:00:15.350298+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-26T07:10:22.656470+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-26T07:10:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5X19J",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 133928,
                    "first_name": "Clay",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Burgess",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0009-0004-7649-9044"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133929,
                    "first_name": "Sophia",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "McReynolds",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0009-0008-4043-9110"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133930,
                    "first_name": "Cash",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mendenhall",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 110395,
                    "first_name": "Timothy",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Purvis",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0009-0009-2223-4899"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133931,
                    "first_name": "Argaw",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ambelu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 85251,
                    "first_name": "Ryan  D.",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Cronk",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-0157-4447"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133546,
                    "first_name": "Michael",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Fisher",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-0159-8238"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PWAT-D-26-00048.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12336/download/22053/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11136,
            "title": "Influence of sea surface temperature patterns and mean warming on past and future Atlantic hurricane activity",
            "abstract": "<p>This study investigates the relative contributions of large-scale thermodynamic and dynamic processes to multidecadal changes in Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) activity, spanning the historical record since the late 19th century, and extending to 2100 projections. We employ a framework that decomposes TC counts into precursor disturbances that transition into fully developed storms, applied to multi-ensemble simulations of two TC-permitting atmospheric models forced with observationally-constrained and projected sea surface temperatures (SSTs). This design allows us to isolate the effects of patterns of SST change from global mean warming on Atlantic TC activity. Our results show that multidecadal trends in TC frequency are primarily governed by two thermodynamic variables: potential intensity and moist entropy deficit. In the historical record, these variables reinforced one another, producing more robust trends in TC activity. In contrast, future projections suggest opposing influences, with one variable (potential intensity) becoming more favorable for TCs while the other (moist entropy deficit) becomes less favorable, leading to increased uncertainty in TC projections. We trace this shift to differences in relative warming between the tropical Atlantic and the broader tropics, underscoring that regional SST patterns—rather than the global mean warming rate—control both past variability and projected future changes in TC activity. Constraining future patterns of warming is therefore essential for improving the reliability of TC projections.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "No Creative Commons license",
                "short_name": "No CC license",
                "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.",
                "url": "https://escholarship.org"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "tropical cyclones"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Climate modeling"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-12-12T05:56:22.818000+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-12-12T07:44:33.123000+08:00",
            "date_published": "2025-12-12T07:44:00+08:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-25-0635.1",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5FX8S",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 125724,
                    "first_name": "Emma",
                    "middle_name": "Lilly",
                    "last_name": "Levin",
                    "salutation": "Miss",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6390,
                    "first_name": "Gabriel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Vecchi",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 4193,
                    "first_name": "Wenchang",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Yang",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-0053-9527"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Jclim_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11136/download/20276/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Jclim_03_25.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11136/download/22054/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Jclim_03_25.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11136/download/22536/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12335,
            "title": "Trade Openness, Monetary Policy Shocks, and Welfare in Malawi: A Structural VAR Approach.",
            "abstract": "Small open economies face complex interactions between external trade dynamics and domestic monetary policy. For Malawi, persistent inflation, exchange rate instability, and dependence on primary commodity exports raise important questions about the relative roles of trade openness and monetary policy in shaping welfare outcomes. This study examines how trade and monetary shocks affect welfare, proxied by GDP per capita, and identifies which source of disturbance dominates welfare fluctuations. Using annual data from 1981–2024 sourced from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators, the study employs a Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) framework. Variables include trade openness, inflation, real interest rates, and log GDP per capita. Stationarity is tested using Clemente-Montañés-Reyes and Augmented Dickey-Fuller procedures. A VAR (1) model is selected based on information criteria, and identification restrictions follow a recursive structure in which trade openness is treated as the most exogenous variable. Impulse response functions and forecast error variance decomposition (FEVD) are used to evaluate dynamic effects. The results show that trade openness shocks generate an initial positive response in welfare growth, followed by a short-lived negative adjustment before convergence to equilibrium. Monetary policy shocks exhibit negligible and statistically insignificant effects on welfare across horizons. Variance decomposition shows that trade shocks explain approximately 15-20% of welfare fluctuations, while monetary policy shocks account for less than 5%. In conclusion welfare dynamics in Malawi are predominantly driven by external trade disturbances rather than domestic monetary innovations. Strengthening export diversification and structural resilience may therefore yield greater welfare gains than reliance on conventional monetary policy tools alone.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Trade openness"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Monetary policy shocks"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Structural vector auto regression (SVAR)"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Welfare"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Malawi"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Impulse response functions"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-26T05:00:14.747690+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-26T07:09:38.114101+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-26T07:09:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X51R1P",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 133924,
                    "first_name": "Redson",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mwandama",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133925,
                    "first_name": "Martin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Munthali",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0009-0003-6591-0347"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133926,
                    "first_name": "Steven  Henry",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Dunga",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133927,
                    "first_name": "Dadirai",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mkombe",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "International and Area Studies"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PONE-D-26-14049.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12335/download/22052/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12463,
            "title": "A new diagnostic of air-sea interaction reveals ocean control of turbulent heat flux in the South Asian Summer Monsoon",
            "abstract": "Air-sea interaction plays a central role in the South Asian summer monsoon, with processes such as surface turbulent heat fluxes, upper ocean mechanical mixing, surface buoyancy forcing, and surface moisture fluxes providing bridges between the ocean and atmosphere. The air-sea heat flux responds to internal variability in the ocean and atmosphere, as well as feedbacks arising from their interaction. Depending on whether SST drives turbulent heat flux or vice-versa, one may diagnose the air-sea heat exchange as being in an ocean-controlled regime or an atmosphere-controlled regime. We develop a method to quantify the air-sea interaction regime at each location and yearday by analyzing lagged correlations between SST and turbulent heat flux records from satellite data or reanalysis. We apply this method to the northern Indian Ocean and find that the basin exhibits a coherent shift from atmosphere control to ocean control during the summer monsoon onset and a return to atmosphere control during the monsoon retreat. This finding emphasizes the importance of oceanic processes such as entrainment and advection in monsoon dynamics. The Arabian Sea exhibits a more pronounced shift between atmosphere and ocean control than the Bay of Bengal, suggesting the importance of upper-ocean stratification and mixing in determining the turbulent heat flux in response to the monsoon wind. We find good agreement between the regimes diagnosed from blended satellite products and reanalysis, showing robustness of the results across datasets. Our method may provide a useful diagnostic for verifying air-sea interaction within coupled models of the ocean and atmosphere.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "air-sea interaction"
                },
                {
                    "word": "monsoon"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-02T13:07:41.846049+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-02T21:50:58.912566+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-02T21:50:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X56479",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134423,
                    "first_name": "Alex",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kinsella",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-3586-686X"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130032,
                    "first_name": "Amala",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mahadevan",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Atmospheric Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Climate"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "ASTraL_ASI_Regimes_260401_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12463/download/22236/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 10601,
            "title": "Probabilistic interpolation of crowdsourced meteorological data for higher-resolution gridded estimates of surface air temperature",
            "abstract": "<p>Crowdsourced air temperature data from networks like Weather Underground offer dense spatial coverage and are increasingly used to study the canopy urban heat island (CUHI) effect. However, these observations are noisy: siting conditions, environmental interference, and sensor failures introduce spatially and temporally varying bias. This complicates interpolation, limiting our ability to estimate neighborhood-level air temperature. While interpolation techniques such as kriging account for uncertainty, they do so under the assumption of homoscedasticity. Moreover, they struggle to scale beyond a few thousand observations, limiting their utility on crowdsourced data. To overcome these limitations, we develop a sparse variational Gaussian process model that accounts for heteroscedasticity, allowing us to efficiently interpolate air temperature fields with calibrated uncertainty quantification. To test our approach, we apply our model to six years of hourly data across Durham County, North Carolina, and compare predictions at held-out sensor locations with linearly-interpolated ERA5-Land. Our method improves estimates at held-out locations (MAE=0.57°C versus ERA5-Land MAE=3.20°C) and enables high-resolution analysis of CUHI patterns over space and time. We illustrate this by visualizing (1) how CUHI patterns vary with synoptic conditions, (2) differential impacts on heating and cooling demand, and (3) annual hours exceeding 35°C by neighborhood. Our method provides a scalable and statistically rigorous framework for transforming crowdsourced climate data into a gridded reanalysis product. Using this product, we can better quantify urban heat exposure and its impact on health and energy.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "spatiotemporal modeling"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Urban Heat Island"
                },
                {
                    "word": "citizen-science"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Gaussian Process"
                },
                {
                    "word": "reanalysis"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-10-23T01:26:20.317000+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-10-24T08:30:26.040000+08:00",
            "date_published": "2025-10-23T12:31:00+08:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2026.102977",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5B45S",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 122391,
                    "first_name": "Zachary",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Calhoun",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 122418,
                    "first_name": "Michael",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bergin",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 122420,
                    "first_name": "David",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Carlson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Applied Statistics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Climate"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Statistical Models"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "urban_climate_submission.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/10601/download/19464/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "urban_climate_submission.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/10601/download/22581/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 7752,
            "title": "VolFe: an open-source Python package for calculating melt-vapor equilibria including silicate melt, carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, and noble gases",
            "abstract": "<p>VolFe is an open-source flexible and adaptable thermodynamic framework in Python for calculating the equilibrium composition of melt and vapor. VolFe considers basaltic through rhyolitic melts including the volatiles carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, and the noble gases. VolFe models both reduced and oxidised systems due to the range of melt and vapor species included. Hence, VolFe is applicable to terrestrial (e.g., mid-ocean ridges to arcs) and extra-terrestrial (e.g., the Moon and Mars) systems. New parameterisations of “model-dependent variables” (e.g., volatile solubility functions, sulfide-saturation conditions, fugacity coefficients, etc.) can be added as new experimental studies come out, enhancing VolFe’s future applicability. The main calculations currently included in VolFe are the pressure of vapor-saturation based on the dissolved volatile content of melts; H<sub>2</sub>O-CO<sub>2</sub> isobars, open- and closed-system degassing and regassing; an oxybarometer based on the melt sulfur content; and uncertainty propagation of the input melt compositions on calculation outputs. As an example, we apply VolFe to melt inclusion and submarine pillow glass data from the Marianas arc.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "volatiles"
                },
                {
                    "word": "thermodynamic"
                },
                {
                    "word": ""
                },
                {
                    "word": " degassing"
                },
                {
                    "word": " open-source"
                },
                {
                    "word": " melt"
                },
                {
                    "word": " vapor"
                },
                {
                    "word": "degassing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Open-source"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Melt"
                },
                {
                    "word": "vapor"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2024-09-25T08:47:01.992000+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2024-09-25T16:58:34.190000+08:00",
            "date_published": "2024-09-25T21:58:00+08:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.30909/vol/imvc1781",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X52X3G",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 4950,
                    "first_name": "Ery",
                    "middle_name": "Catherine",
                    "last_name": "Hughes",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8156,
                    "first_name": "Philippa",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Liggins",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 16819,
                    "first_name": "Penny",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wieser",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9195,
                    "first_name": "Edward",
                    "middle_name": "M.",
                    "last_name": "Stolper",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Hughes_VolFe_main_text_SM.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/7752/download/14680/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Hughes_VolFe_maintext_EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/7752/download/17390/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/eryhughes/VolFe",
                    "label": "Supplementary File"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 12708,
            "title": "Quantifying hydropower flexibility during extreme temperature events",
            "abstract": "Extreme weather events can impose substantial stress on the electrical grid. Hydropower offers unique operational flexibility, enhancing grid resilience and reliability. Despite this value of flexibility, systematic assessments of hydropower flexibility -- particularly during extreme events -- remain limited. This study is the first to quantify hydropower operational flexibility using 25 years' observed hydropower generation data during cold snaps and heat waves, across ten federally operated reservoirs (the ``Big-10'') in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Among the Big-10, the Upper Columbia reservoirs—Grand Coulee (GCL) and Chief Joseph (CHJ)—have the largest storage capacities and exhibit the greatest operational flexibility, followed by the Lower Columbia and Lower Snake reservoirs. Flexibility is generally higher during cold snaps than during heat waves; however, the relationship between installed capacity and exercised flexibility is statistically significant only during cold snaps. Heat wave events, however, exert a more pronounced marginal impact on excess hydropower production, as indicated by the steeper slope of excess generation with respect to event severity. Overall, this study not only quantifies the system’s flexibility under extreme conditions but also enhances understanding of how individual reservoirs respond to temperature-driven stressors, providing valuable insights for grid management and future hydropower planning.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-21T04:47:58.793491+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-21T05:23:02.427025+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-21T05:22:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5BF4H",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 135530,
                    "first_name": "Kyongho",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Son",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 26485,
                    "first_name": "Cameron",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bracken",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-1917-402X"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135531,
                    "first_name": "Erfaneh",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sharifi",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135532,
                    "first_name": "Sohom",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Datta",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135533,
                    "first_name": "Abhishek",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Somani",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Computational Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydraulic Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Power and Energy"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Systems Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Son_et_al_Quantifying_the_Flexibility_of_Reservoir_Operations_Extreme_Events_eartharxiv_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12708/download/22583/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12536,
            "title": "Balancing Food Production and Environmental Sustainability in Ethiopian Agriculture: A Systematic Review",
            "abstract": "Ethiopia faces the dual challenge of increasing food production for a rapidly growing population while preserving the natural resource base that sustains its agricultural systems. This systematic review synthesizes evidence from 130 peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2025 to examine the relationship between agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability in Ethiopia. Findings reveal that conventional agricultural expansion, deforestation, soil erosion, nutrient depletion, and inefficient water management continue to undermine long-term productivity and ecological resilience. At the same time, sustainable agricultural practices, including conservation agriculture, agroforestry, sustainable intensification, regenerative systems, climate-smart technologies, improved water management, and diversified farming demonstrate significant potential to enhance yields while restoring soil health, improving water efficiency, and strengthening climate resilience. However, adoption remains limited due to socioeconomic constraints, insecure land tenure, knowledge gaps, weak extension systems, fragmented policies, and climate-related risks. The review identifies critical trade-offs and synergies between production and environmental outcomes and highlights persistent gaps in integrated, large-scale evidence on the combined effects of multiple sustainable practices. Generally, this review underscores that balancing food production with environmental sustainability is not optional but essential for Ethiopia’s long-term food security and ecological stability. It recommends strengthening policy coherence, improving farmer support systems, leveraging indigenous knowledge, and expanding investment in climate-resilient and resource-efficient agricultural strategies.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Food production"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Environmental sustainability"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sustainable agriculture"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Land degradation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Soil fertility"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Climate-smart agriculture"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Ethiopia"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-08T05:00:14.191876+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-08T22:08:58.141352+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-08T22:08:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5R18M",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134737,
                    "first_name": "Alebachew  Destaw",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Destaw",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134738,
                    "first_name": "Tadsual  Asfaw",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Dessie",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Studies"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PSTR-D-26-00081.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12536/download/22343/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12529,
            "title": "Modeling PDC cutter-rock interactions using finite discrete element method for geothermal drilling applications",
            "abstract": "Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutters are used in geothermal energy drilling operations as they are exceptionally effective due to their strength and resistance to abrasion. It is important to understand the effect of downhole conditions to accurately model rock-cutter-rock interactions, as well as wear on the bit and drilling efficiency. Cutting efficiency is determined through the weight on the bit, rotational speeds, and other cutter and rock parameters in drilling, here we can comment on cutting efficiency through the cutting force. The ultimate goal of this research is to numerically model the PDC cutter–rock interaction in 3-D to find an optimal arrangement of parameters for efficient geothermal drilling. Using the combined finite discrete element method (FDEM), we model rock fracture and fragmentation for a single PDC cutter for both atmospheric and realistic well pressure conditions. We present the numerical analysis progression of PDC cutter-rock interaction in 2-D and 3-D for a range of cutting speeds, depth of cuts, and pressures using sandstone and granite as our rock materials. These parameters are varied to understand the optimal configuration to increase drilling performance as determined by cutting force, damage style, and fracture energy. Our models successfully reproduce laboratory values, which increases our understanding of rock fracture at downhole conditions.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "finite discrete element method"
                },
                {
                    "word": "polycrystalline diamond compact cutter"
                },
                {
                    "word": "numerical modeling"
                },
                {
                    "word": "fracture mechanics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "geothermal drilling"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-08T01:12:15.321382+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-09T14:14:11.209335+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-09T14:14:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5FJ4G",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134712,
                    "first_name": "Erin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Heilman",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-8215-1379"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134713,
                    "first_name": "Bryan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Euser",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134714,
                    "first_name": "Luke",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Frash",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134715,
                    "first_name": "Meng",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Meng",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134716,
                    "first_name": "Wenfeng",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Li",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134717,
                    "first_name": "Zhou",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lei",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134718,
                    "first_name": "Ryan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rhodes",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134719,
                    "first_name": "Allison",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kimbrough",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 14140,
                    "first_name": "Esteban",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rougier",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PDC_Paper_EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12529/download/22337/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12343,
            "title": "Analyzing Seasonal Variations in Air Quality with Google Earth Engine:  A Case Study of Chattogram, Bangladesh",
            "abstract": "Air pollution is a serious environmental challenge in Bangladesh, significantly\naffecting public health and the ecosystem. This study considers analyzing the seasonal\nfluctuation of air quality in Chattogram by analyzing 13 significant areas near the industrial\nzone by using Google Earth Engine (GEE) to explore the SENTINEL-5P satellite data for key\npollutants, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO),\nand QGIS for mapping purposes. The datasets were assessed through four different seasons:\nwinter (December - February), pre-monsoon (March - June), monsoon (July - September), and\npost-monsoon (October - November). It is found that significant trends over the seasons—\nwhere the winter shows the maximum level of pollutant concentrations, i.e., NO2 shows\n0.000200 mol/m2 in Patiya and 0.000059 mol/m2 at Bayezid Bostami in the monsoon, and SO2\nshows 0.000394526 mol/m2 in Chittagong Port and 0.0000152 mol/m2 in the monsoon period\nin Bakalia. The variation intensely indicates the changes in concentrations of pollutants over\nthe season and has a strong negative correlation between precipitation, temperature, humidity,\nand wind velocity. The monsoon season enhances air quality, effectively dispersing rainfall and\nsignificantly lowering pollutant levels. Furthermore, the analysis highlights the hotspots or\nsources of the pollutant all over the year. This study enhances policymakers' understanding of\nurban air quality by providing actionable strategies to reduce air pollution.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Air Quality"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Seasonal Variation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Google Earth Engine"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sentinel-5P"
                },
                {
                    "word": "PM2.5"
                },
                {
                    "word": "TROPOMI"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Remote Sensing"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-26T19:00:07.080241+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-26T21:55:07.786189+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-26T21:55:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5S767",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 133943,
                    "first_name": "MD. Minaruzzaman",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Shovon",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0009-0002-6914-9797"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133953,
                    "first_name": "Md.",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Tamim",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "ANALYZING SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN AIR QUALITY WITH GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12343/download/22066/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12527,
            "title": "Agent-based Modelling of Microbialite Formation through Sedimentation and Precipitation Dynamics",
            "abstract": "Fossil microbialites resulting from the interplay of sedimentation and microbially induced precipitation are among the oldest evidence of life on Earth and help geobiologists interpret many sedimentary environments. However, the factors governing their internal structure and external morphology are still poorly understood. Additionally, abiotic processes can mimic the morphology of some microbialites, complicating their use as \"biosignatures''. The presence and style of internal structures such as clots and laminations may help solve both problems, but existing models of microbialite growth address only external morphology and do not show explicitly how internal structures emerge. In this work, we present an agent-based model of microbialite formation using a fast, open-source, high-level microbialite modelling framework, written in Julia. We separate and label sedimentation and microbially induced precipitation, and allow external periodic forcing to control either or both. We qualitatively reproduce a wide range of internal and external morphologies found in real microbialites. Importantly, we find that microbialites with the same external morphology can differ greatly in their internal structure, a result that was impossible to observe with previous approaches. Further exploration and extension of our model may offer new approaches to resolving the ambiguity of potential microbialites in the rock record. Finally, we present the first interactive microbialite simulation, that enables live parameter updating through an accessible interface that can be used as a tool for both research and teaching. ",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Stromatolites"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Microbialites"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Agent-Based Modelling"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Morphological Biosignatures"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-13T18:24:10.363806+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-13T22:34:35.594013+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-13T22:34:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5M471",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134679,
                    "first_name": "Niall",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rodgers",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-3936-2709"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134701,
                    "first_name": "Laurane",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Fogret",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134702,
                    "first_name": "Mark",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Van Zuilen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134703,
                    "first_name": "H. James",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Cleaves",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134704,
                    "first_name": "Sudha",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rajamani",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134705,
                    "first_name": "Sean",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "McMahon",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Biogeochemistry"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geochemistry"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Paleobiology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Paleontology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Sedimentology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Stratigraphy"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Microbialite_paper_Earth_Arxiv_version.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12527/download/22433/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/nrodgers1/Microbialite_simulator",
                    "label": "Supplementary Files and Code"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 12344,
            "title": "Seasonal Anomaly Detection in the Halda River Using a  Multivariate Deep Learning Framework",
            "abstract": "Monitoring river water quality is essential to preserving \necological integrity, especially in ecologically significant \nrivers like the Halda, which is renowned for its natural \nfreshwater carp spawning. This study presents a deep \nlearning-based approach using a deep autoencoder neural \nnetwork for unsupervised anomaly detection in water quality \ndata. Two-year time-series data including daily measurements \nof pH, turbidity, alkalinity, and chloride concentration was \nutilized. The autoencoder learns compressed representations \nof normal water behavior and flags anomalies based on \nelevated reconstruction errors. Temporal features such as \nmonth and climate-based seasons (Dry, Pre-Monsoon, Monsoon, \nand Post-Monsoon) were added to enhance interpretability. \nThe model successfully detected nine anomalous days, with \n78% occurring during the dry season due to low freshwater \ndischarge and salinity intrusion. The developed model enables \nearly detection of abnormal shifts in water quality and \nprovides actionable insights for stakeholders and \npolicymakers for timely environmental interventions.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Halda River"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Anomaly Detection"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Water Quality"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Unsupervised Deep Learning"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Seasonal Analysis"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-26T19:35:20.871662+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-27T15:52:46.847617+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-27T15:52:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5C186",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 133943,
                    "first_name": "MD. Minaruzzaman",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Shovon",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0009-0002-6914-9797"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133954,
                    "first_name": "H A",
                    "middle_name": "Hossain",
                    "last_name": "Tamjid",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0009-0004-9021-7146"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133953,
                    "first_name": "Md.",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Tamim",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Mechanical Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Seasonal Anomaly Detection in the Halda River Using a MultivariateDeep Learning Framework.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12344/download/22068/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12805,
            "title": "Evaluating Sampling Bias and Model Uncertainty in Species Distribution Models of Marine Plankton Using Virtual Ecosystem Data",
            "abstract": "Understanding the biodiversity and biogeography of plankton in the ocean is essential for predicting responses to environmental changes and informing ocean conservation and management strategies. Species distribution models (SDMs) are a pivotal tool in this regard. This study used data from a global marine ecosystem model as a testbed to assess the reliability of various SDMs, including Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Generalized Additive Model (GAM),  Random Forest (RF), Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). We used artificial datasets to replicate the sampling patterns of three datasets: a compiled dataset of global scope, the Tara Ocean dataset, and the Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT) project. Our findings indicate that tree-based algorithms, RF and BRT, exhibit better predictive accuracy and stability compared to GLM, GAM, and ANN, especially when trained with more spatially resolved datasets. We highlight the significant influence of sampling bias on model performance, with models trained on more comprehensive global datasets outperforming those trained on more latitudinally and longitudinally biased data respectively (Tara and AMT). Furthermore, we demonstrate that broad spatial coverage is a more critical determinant of predictive skill than sample size alone, as simply increasing sampling density within a biased region is insufficient to overcome poor spatial representation. Overall, this research underscores the necessity of careful consideration of sampling strategies and model selection in plankton species distribution modelling.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Species distribution model"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ecosystem model"
                },
                {
                    "word": "model evaluation"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-28T23:33:42.323677+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-29T09:05:55.715565+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-29T09:05:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5HV0P",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 136024,
                    "first_name": "Zhibo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Shao",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-4168-2349"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134106,
                    "first_name": "B. B.",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Cael",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 136029,
                    "first_name": "Thelma",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Panaïotis",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 136027,
                    "first_name": "Anna",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hickman",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 21778,
                    "first_name": "Stephanie",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Dutkiewicz",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 136025,
                    "first_name": "Ben",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ward",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Life Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "paper#1_v7_clean_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12805/download/22741/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12507,
            "title": "Aerosol Removal and Solar Decline Drive Post-1980 Surface Warming Acceleration",
            "abstract": "<p>Standard climate models do not fully reproduce post-1980 surface warming acceleration. Two forcing pathways explain the gap: Western clean air legislation progressively removed industrial sulphate aerosols from 1980 onward, unmasking suppressed greenhouse warming; and the Sun's magnetic output declined secularly after 1980, partially offsetting that unmasking. We quantify both using MERRA-2 sulphate aerosol optical depth records for four industrial regions, a first-principles radiative transfer calculation of aerosol forcing efficiency (RE = −25 W/m²/AOD), and a PMOD/NNLSSI2 composite solar irradiance record with 11-year cycle smoothing. North American and European sulphate AOD fell 53% and 67% respectively over 1980–2020, contributing +0.162 W/m² of net warming. The solar secular decline contributed −0.169 W/m² of cooling. Together with greenhouse gas forcing (+1.500 W/m², validated against IPCC AR6 to within 1.3%), these terms form a five-term Resultant Radiative Imbalance Curve (RRIC) of +1.493 W/m² at 2020. The RRIC predicts +0.747°C of warming from 1980, matching HadCRUT5 observations of +0.740°C to within 0.007°C — a result that present GHG-only frameworks do not achieve at this temporal resolution. Extended to 2075 under SSP2-4.5 and SSP3-7.0, the framework projects Paris 1.5°C threshold crossings between 2030 and 2037. Models that ignore aerosol unmasking and solar secular decline do not simply underperform — they misread the physical structure of post-1980 warming.<br>Note: The JGR-Atmosphere submission referenced in earlier metadata was desk rejected in March 2026. The current submitted version is a substantially revised manuscript under consideration at a different journal. </p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Aerosol radiative forcing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Solar variability"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Aerosol optical depth"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Radiative forcing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Climate projections"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-06T19:57:36.424444+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-06T20:51:23.153127+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-06T20:51:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5CR25",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 132106,
                    "first_name": "Pochender",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Shenigarapu",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0009-0001-2810-5336"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "2026JD047085_Merged_PDF.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12507/download/22305/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "2026jd047085_merged_1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12507/download/22307/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 8484,
            "title": "A New Interpretation of Ptolemy's Germania Magna: Employing Computer-Assisted Image Distortion of a Medieval Map by Donnus Nicolaus Germanus to Examine Post-Glacial Geodynamics in Europe",
            "abstract": "<p>This paper revisits Claudius Ptolemy's depiction of Germania Magna through a multidisciplinary approach, integrating computer-aided distortion analysis of Donnus Nicolaus Germanus's medieval cartography with geological insights. The study proposes that the region underwent significant and complex transformations, likely influenced by tectonic activity, such as the reactivation of the Caledonian Deformation Front (CDF), a major geological structure in Europe that separates ancient orogenic belts, and possibly by cosmic events like the Chiemgau impact, a proposed meteorite impact in southern Germany. A reevaluation of Germanus's map, aligned with modern cartographic data, challenges long-held interpretations of Germania Magna's boundaries. The analysis suggests that Ptolemy's Vistula Fluvius corresponds more closely to the present-day Schwarze Elster in Germany rather than the Vistula River (Weichsel) in Poland. Building on this reinterpretation, the study further examines the potential regression of the Oceanus Germanicus, attributing it to tectonic shifts, volcanic activity, or changes in relative sea level. These environmental processes may have profoundly shaped settlement patterns and cultural development, influencing not only coastal areas but also extending to all regions of Germania Magna, as communities presumably adapted to substantial environmental changes. By situating Germania Magna within the broader framework of geological, cosmic, and climatic phenomena, this study offers new insights into pivotal events and processes that could have shaped the environmental and cultural landscape of Northern and Central Europe in antiquity. It aims to encourage further interdisciplinary research and a critical reassessment of historical and archaeological interpretations.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Tectonics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Celts"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Goths"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Vikings"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Iron Age"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Hallstatt Culture"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Merovingian dynasty"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Odergermanische Gruppe"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Thuringii"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Thuringians"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Thüringer Reich"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Baltic Sea"
                },
                {
                    "word": "North Sea"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Ziltendorfer Niederung"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "volcanism"
                },
                {
                    "word": "alpine orogeny"
                },
                {
                    "word": "climate change"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Iron Age Cold Period"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Volcanic Winter of 536"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Migration Period"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Little Ice Age"
                },
                {
                    "word": "tsunami"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Northern Europe"
                },
                {
                    "word": "central Europe"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Germany"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Calisia"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Claudius Ptolemy"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Geographike Hyphegesis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Nicolaus Donnus Germanus"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Vistula Fluvius"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Oceanus Germanicus"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Caledonian Deformation Front"
                },
                {
                    "word": "TESZ"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Avalonia"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Baltica"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Laurentia"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Albis Fluvii"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Budorigum"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Germania Magna"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Stragona"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Scandia"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Nomisterium"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sudete Monts"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Schwarze Elster"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Black Elster"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Halley's Comet"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Chiemgau Impact"
                },
                {
                    "word": "meteorite impact"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Oderbruch"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Fläming Heath"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-02-02T16:22:51.102000+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-02-02T22:50:41.732000+08:00",
            "date_published": "2025-02-02T14:50:00+08:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.31223/X5313T",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5313T",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 96476,
                    "first_name": "Sven",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mildner",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0009-0005-8248-4866"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Nature and Society Relations"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Astrophysics and Astronomy"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Geography"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Planetary Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Planetary Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Planetary Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Planetary Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Stratigraphy"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                },
                {
                    "name": "The Sun and the Solar System"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "The_Reinterpretation_of_Ptolemys_Germania_Magna_by_Sven_Mildner.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/8484/download/15873/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "The_Reinterpretation_of_Ptolemys_Germania_Magna_by_Sven_Mildner.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/8484/download/15875/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "The_Reinterpretation_of_Ptolemys_Germania_Magna_by_Sven_Mildner.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/8484/download/15876/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "The Reinterpretation of Ptolemy's Germania Magna by Sven Mildner-2025.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/8484/download/15877/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "The Reinterpretation of Ptolemy's Germania Magna by Sven Mildner-2026.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/8484/download/23185/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "The Reinterpretation of Ptolemy's Germania Magna by Sven Mildner-2026-v5.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/8484/download/23197/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.germania-magna.de/kartenoverlay-mit-den-geografischen-einheiten-der-germania-magna/",
                    "label": "Geospatial Features of Germania Magna (KML download for Google Earth)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.ancientmaps-geography.com/mildners-geodynamic-rectification-model-of-germania-magna-cartometric-foundations-residual-analysis-of-the-gazetteer-and-statistical-interpretation-of-the-systema",
                    "label": "Geodynamic Rectification Model"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.ancientmaps-geography.com/extended-evidence-analysis-of-mildners-rectification-model-caledonian-deformation-front-kaolin-genesis-radial-around-the-cesky-impact-crater",
                    "label": "Extended Evidence Analysis"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.ancientmaps-geography.com/the-saale-unstrut-fragment-impact-hypothesis-and-the-eastward-displacement-of-the-elster-lusatia-block",
                    "label": "Supplementary Analysis"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 9522,
            "title": "Multi-component Rayleigh wave dispersion analysis for Vs-depth profiling of Glaciers",
            "abstract": "<p> <!-- [if gte mso 9]&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;xml&amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;lt;o:OfficeDocumentSettings&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;o:AllowPNG/&amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;lt;/o:OfficeDocumentSettings&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;/xml&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;![endif]--> <!-- [if gte mso 9]&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;xml&amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;lt;w:WordDocument&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:View&amp;amp;gt;Normal&amp;amp;lt;/w:View&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:Zoom&amp;amp;gt;0&amp;amp;lt;/w:Zoom&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:TrackMoves&amp;amp;gt;false&amp;amp;lt;/w:TrackMoves&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:TrackFormatting/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&amp;amp;gt;false&amp;amp;lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&amp;amp;gt;false&amp;amp;lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&amp;amp;gt;false&amp;amp;lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LidThemeOther&amp;amp;gt;EN-US&amp;amp;lt;/w:LidThemeOther&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LidThemeAsian&amp;amp;gt;X-NONE&amp;amp;lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&amp;amp;gt;X-NONE&amp;amp;lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:Compatibility&amp;amp;gt;\n   &amp;amp;lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&amp;amp;gt;\n   &amp;amp;lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&amp;amp;gt;\n   &amp;amp;lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&amp;amp;gt;\n   &amp;amp;lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&amp;amp;gt;\n   &amp;amp;lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&amp;amp;gt;\n   &amp;amp;lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&amp;amp;gt;\n   &amp;amp;lt;w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/&amp;amp;gt;\n   &amp;amp;lt;w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/&amp;amp;gt;\n   &amp;amp;lt;w:OverrideTableStyleHps/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;/w:Compatibility&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;m:mathPr&amp;amp;gt;\n   &amp;amp;lt;m:mathFont m:val=&amp;amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n   &amp;amp;lt;m:brkBin m:val=&amp;amp;quot;before&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n   &amp;amp;lt;m:brkBinSub m:val=&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;amp;#45;-&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n   &amp;amp;lt;m:smallFrac m:val=&amp;amp;quot;off&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n   &amp;amp;lt;m:dispDef/&amp;amp;gt;\n   &amp;amp;lt;m:lMargin m:val=&amp;amp;quot;0&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n   &amp;amp;lt;m:rMargin m:val=&amp;amp;quot;0&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n   &amp;amp;lt;m:defJc m:val=&amp;amp;quot;centerGroup&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n   &amp;amp;lt;m:wrapIndent m:val=&amp;amp;quot;1440&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n   &amp;amp;lt;m:intLim m:val=&amp;amp;quot;subSup&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n   &amp;amp;lt;m:naryLim m:val=&amp;amp;quot;undOvr&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;/m:mathPr&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;/w:WordDocument&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;/xml&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;xml&amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; DefUnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot;\n  DefSemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; DefQFormat=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; DefPriority=&amp;amp;quot;99&amp;amp;quot;\n  LatentStyleCount=&amp;amp;quot;376&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;0&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Normal&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;heading 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;heading 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;heading 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;heading 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;heading 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;heading 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;heading 7&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;heading 8&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;heading 9&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;index 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;index 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;index 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;index 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;index 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;index 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;index 7&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;index 8&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;index 9&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;toc 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;toc 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;toc 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;toc 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;toc 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;toc 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;toc 7&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;toc 8&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;toc 9&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Normal Indent&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;footnote text&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;annotation text&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;header&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;footer&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;index heading&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;35&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;caption&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;table of figures&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;envelope address&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;envelope return&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;footnote reference&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;annotation reference&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;line number&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;page number&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;endnote reference&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;endnote text&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;table of authorities&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;macro&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;toa heading&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Bullet&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Number&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Bullet 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Bullet 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Bullet 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Bullet 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Number 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Number 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Number 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Number 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;10&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Title&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Closing&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Signature&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;1&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Default Paragraph Font&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Body Text&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Body Text Indent&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Continue&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Continue 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Continue 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Continue 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Continue 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Message Header&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;11&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Subtitle&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Salutation&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Date&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Body Text First Indent&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Body Text First Indent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Note Heading&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Body Text 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Body Text 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Body Text Indent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Body Text Indent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Block Text&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Hyperlink&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;FollowedHyperlink&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;22&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Strong&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;20&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Emphasis&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Document Map&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Plain Text&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;E-mail Signature&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;HTML Top of Form&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;HTML Bottom of Form&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Normal (Web)&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;HTML Acronym&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;HTML Address&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;HTML Cite&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;HTML Code&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;HTML Definition&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;HTML Keyboard&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;HTML Preformatted&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;HTML Sample&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;HTML Typewriter&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;HTML Variable&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Normal Table&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;annotation subject&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;No List&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Outline List 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Outline List 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Outline List 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Simple 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Simple 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Simple 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Classic 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Classic 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Classic 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Classic 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Colorful 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Colorful 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Colorful 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Columns 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Columns 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Columns 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Columns 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Columns 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 7&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 8&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table List 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table List 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table List 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table List 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table List 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table List 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table List 7&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table List 8&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table 3D effects 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table 3D effects 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table 3D effects 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Contemporary&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Elegant&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Professional&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Subtle 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Subtle 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Web 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Web 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Web 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Balloon Text&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Grid&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Theme&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Placeholder Text&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;1&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;No Spacing&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Shading&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light List&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Grid&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Dark List&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful List&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light List Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Revision&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;34&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Paragraph&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;29&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Quote&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Intense Quote&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Dark List Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light List Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Dark List Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light List Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Dark List Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light List Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Dark List Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light List Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Dark List Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light List Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Dark List Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;19&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Subtle Emphasis&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;21&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Intense Emphasis&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;31&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Subtle Reference&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;32&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Intense Reference&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;33&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Book Title&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;37&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Bibliography&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;TOC Heading&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;41&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Plain Table 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;42&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Plain Table 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;43&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Plain Table 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;44&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Plain Table 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;45&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Plain Table 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;40&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table Light&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Mention&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Smart Hyperlink&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Hashtag&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Unresolved Mention&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Smart Link&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;lt;/w:LatentStyles&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;/xml&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;style&amp;amp;gt;\n /* Style Definitions */\n table.MsoNormalTable\n\t{mso-style-name:&amp;amp;quot;Table Normal&amp;amp;quot;;\n\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n\tmso-style-noshow:yes;\n\tmso-style-priority:99;\n\tmso-style-parent:&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;quot;;\n\tmso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n\tmso-para-margin-top:0in;\n\tmso-para-margin-right:0in;\n\tmso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt;\n\tmso-para-margin-left:0in;\n\tline-height:115%;\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\n\tfont-family:&amp;amp;quot;Aptos&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;\n\tmso-ascii-font-family:Aptos;\n\tmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n\tmso-hansi-font-family:Aptos;\n\tmso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n\tmso-font-kerning:1.0pt;\n\tmso-ligatures:standardcontextual;}\n&amp;amp;lt;/style&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Seismic ice velocity estimates provide quantitative constraints on glacial systems, including ice thickness, englacial structure, and bedrock topography. Velocity modeling using active-source seismic is often challenged by sub-optimal surveys due to complex field logistics. This study provides a practical guide for leveraging three-component (3-C) receivers in glacial seismic surveys to constrain potentially heterogeneous ice velocities through Rayleigh-wave dispersion analysis. We combine vertical and horizontal-radial displacement information via a complex summation in the shot-gather domain, producing a combined-complex (CC) component. The CC dispersion panels improve the low-frequency picks in the positive-frequency range, where dispersion importantly reflects progradational particle motion interacting with the ice-bedrock interface. We demonstrate the CC approach on a limited-aperture 3-C dataset collected on the Saskatchewan Glacier in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, supported by a series of synthetic studies that provide data-conditioning guidance and methodological intuition. We model Rayleigh-wave behavior in glacial stratigraphy to illustrate the sensitivities of radial displacement compared to traditional vertical-component waveforms, and to provide a general understanding of glacial-ice Rayleigh-wave behavior, which has not been fully explored in the literature. Our work thus provides practical strategies that complement CC-component dispersion analysis on glacial ice with limited geophones, enabling improved depth constraints from logistically limited surveys.</p>\n<p><!--EndFragment--></p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "multicomponent"
                },
                {
                    "word": "rayleigh"
                },
                {
                    "word": "glaciers"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Surface waves"
                },
                {
                    "word": "3-C"
                },
                {
                    "word": "firn aquifer"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-06-27T22:32:47.009000+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-06-28T02:52:56.640000+08:00",
            "date_published": "2025-06-28T02:52:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5D15C",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 110790,
                    "first_name": "Samara",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Garvey",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 25182,
                    "first_name": "Matthew",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Siegfried",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 12475,
                    "first_name": "Jeffrey",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Shragge",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 65561,
                    "first_name": "Lucas",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zoet",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 65560,
                    "first_name": "Dougal",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hansen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 108271,
                    "first_name": "Nathan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Stevens",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "JOG-2025-0090_Proof_hi.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9522/download/17750/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "JOG-2026-0029_Proof_hi (1).pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9522/download/22243/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 13591,
            "title": "A Photogrammetric Method for Volume Correction of Soil Core Samples",
            "abstract": "Soil volume is an important reference value that is often determined through standardized sampling cylinders. Methods exist for measuring missing soil volume, but they either modify the sample or are time-consuming. Our new method uses structure-from-motion photogrammetry to create a 2.5D model of the soil-filled sampling cylinders from which the missing volume can be determined. We quantified the influence of different lighting conditions, the number of pictures taken, the type of camera, and of soil texture. This method provided reproducible and robust results, making it an effective alternative to previous methods. ",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Photogrammetry Structure-from-Motion Soil volume Bulk density Soil shrinkage"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Photogrammetry; Structure-from-Motion; Soil volume; Bulk density; Soil shrinkage"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Photogrammetry"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Structure-from-Motion"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Soil volume"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-06-18T18:08:46.353771+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-06-18T23:17:17.702607+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-06-18T23:17:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5P782",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 139506,
                    "first_name": "Jonas",
                    "middle_name": "Gregor",
                    "last_name": "Hahn",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0009-0009-8975-6210"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 139507,
                    "first_name": "Helmer",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Schack-Kirchner",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 139508,
                    "first_name": "Felix",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Nussbaum",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 139509,
                    "first_name": "Marc",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Tiefel",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 125783,
                    "first_name": "Freiderike",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 139511,
                    "first_name": "Kenton",
                    "middle_name": "Paul",
                    "last_name": "Stutz",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Forest Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Hahn_et_al_2026_A_Photogrammetric_Method_for_Volume_Correction_of_Soil_Core_Samples.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/13591/download/23868/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12349,
            "title": "InSARLite: An Open-Source GUI for Streamlined InSAR Time Series Processing",
            "abstract": "Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is a powerful technique for measuring surface deformation at high spatial resolution over large areas. Despite its demonstrated value across geohazards and Earth-surface processes, broader adoption is often limited by the complexity of end-to-end processing workflows and the technical overhead required to execute them. To reduce this barrier, we present InSARLite, an open-source Python graphical user interface that streamlines Sentinel-1 time-series processing while retaining user control over key processing decisions. InSARLite is designed to cover the complete processing chain, from software installation and project setup to raw SAR data ingestion and deformation time-series products, by wrapping the GMTSAR processing chain and guiding users through a stepwise interface. Rather than fully black-box automation, the workflow is designed to support interactive inspection and parameter selection based on outputs from preceding stages. The software automates routine tasks commonly handled through command-line scripting, including data querying and retrieval, orbit-file acquisition, baseline estimation and network design, interferogram generation, unwrapping, and time-series inversion using Small Baseline Subset approaches. InSARLite also introduces guided decision support features, including master-image selection based on baseline centrality, interactive network inspection and editing, and optional masking through an intuitive interface using mean-correlation thresholds, manual delineation, or a combination of both. Interferograms are unwrapped after defining a correlation threshold and the number of cores while respecting the optional mask if provided, and a user-defined reference point is used to normalize unwrapped interferograms prior to time-series analysis. InSARLite further integrates optional atmospheric correction using the Generic Atmospheric Correction Online Service and supports interactive visualization and export of deformation time series. We demonstrate the capabilities of InSARLite using a fatal rainfall-triggered landslide that occurred on 8 December 2024 in northeastern Türkiye, evaluating whether the failed hillslope exhibited detectable precursory deformation.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "InSAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "GMTSAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "GUI"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Python"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-27T01:40:23.972144+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-27T02:09:49.978619+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-27T02:09:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5RB5K",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 133982,
                    "first_name": "Muhammad",
                    "middle_name": "Badar",
                    "last_name": "Munir",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6036,
                    "first_name": "Hakan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Tanyas",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-0609-2140"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 2019,
                    "first_name": "Islam",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Fadel",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 22021,
                    "first_name": "Ling",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Chang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 16514,
                    "first_name": "Amira",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ahmed",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 16487,
                    "first_name": "Ashok",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Dahal",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-3269-5575"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9261,
                    "first_name": "Cees",
                    "middle_name": "J.",
                    "last_name": "van Westen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-2992-902X"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133983,
                    "first_name": "Serkan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Girgin",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Graphics and Human Computer Interfaces"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Programming Languages and Compilers"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Munir_et_al_pre_print.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12349/download/22076/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12354,
            "title": "Spatiotemporal relationships, influencing factors and policy implications of coastal man–land system spatial resilience based on interpretable machine learning models: A case study of China’s southeastern coastal region",
            "abstract": "Spatial resilience, as a projection of system resilience at the landscape scale, offers a novel spatial interpretation for analyzing man–land interactions in coastal zones. This study builds an evaluation system from “element-landscape-system” levels, based on the conceptual framework of spatial resilience in coastal man–land systems. It examines the spatiotemporal evolutionary features of spatial resilience at various scales using multisource spatiotemporal big data. Interpretable machine learning techniques were used to construct SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) models and investigate influencing factors. Results yielded three main findings: First, spatial resilience of man–land systems in the southeastern coastal region exhibits significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity with a slow optimization trend, forming a multi-scale spatial pattern characterized by “higher resilience in the element layer in the north than in the south, higher resilience in the landscape layer along the coast than in bays, and stronger resilience in the system layer in the north than in the south.” Second, habitat quality, landscape connectivity index, and marine aquaculture area were the core factors influencing spatial resilience at the element, landscape, and system levels, contributing 35.17%, 29.24%, and 28.87%, respectively. Third, the variables with higher contribution rankings exhibited threshold effects on spatial resilience at different scales. To promote integrated land–sea management and optimize territorial spatial layout, this study, based on the advantages of regional resource endowments, formulates differentiated zonal management strategies and puts forward targeted policy recommendations.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Coastal man-land system"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Spatial resilience"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Interpretable machine learning"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Threshold"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Southeastern coastal region"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-27T05:00:23.204882+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-27T05:21:18.278684+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-27T05:21:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5GV0C",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 133998,
                    "first_name": "Huan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Song",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133999,
                    "first_name": "Zeyu",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Geography"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PONE-D-26-14607.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12354/download/22081/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 8827,
            "title": "An Improved Methodology to Estimate Cross-Scale Kinetic Energy Transfers from Third-Order Structure Functions using Regularized Least-Squares",
            "abstract": "<p>Several methods exist for estimating cross-scale kinetic energy (KE) transfers; however, most are ill-adapted for sparse ocean observations, hindering the study of oceanic KE transfers. A newly developed third-order structure function, $D3(r)$, framework allows estimation of KE injections $\\xi_j(k)$ and spectral flux $F(k)$ across scales using sparse data. This approach requires inverse methods to convert between separation $r$ and wavenumber $k$ space. A previous study employed the structure-function framework to estimate $F(k)$ and $\\xi_j(k)$ using non-negative least squares (NNLS), assuming that the spectral flux is an increasing function of wavenumber, an assumption not always satisfied. Here, an improved methodology is presented to estimate $F(k)$ and $\\xi_j$ using regularized least-squares (RLS), where the inclusion of prior uncertainty in $D3(r)$ and $\\xi_j$ reduces overfitting. Moreover, the improved methodology allows for estimating both positive and negative injections without making assumptions about the shape of the spectral flux. As a proof of concept,  the improved methodology was implemented in an eddy-rich quasi-geostrophic simulation output. RLS quantitatively diagnoses the structure of $F(k)$, including both positive and negative $\\xi_j(k)$, an aspect unattainable with NNLS. The improved methodology was then applied to data from two drifter experiments in the Gulf of Mexico. The analysis reveals the presence of bidirectional energy transfers, with a KE inverse transfer at mesoscales in both seasons and a forward transfer at submesoscales that is stronger in winter than in summer. Unlike NNLS, RLS fits $D3(r)$ better as the method detects wavenumbers where $\\xi_j&lt;0$ while preserving smoothness. This improved methodology allows for a more refined analysis of KE transfers from sparse observations.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "third-order structure functions"
                },
                {
                    "word": "regularized least-squares"
                },
                {
                    "word": "energy transfer"
                },
                {
                    "word": "sparse data"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Error Analysis"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-03-25T07:45:35.347000+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-03-25T21:58:41.573000+08:00",
            "date_published": "2025-03-25T21:58:00+08:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-25-0025.1",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5M71S",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 105990,
                    "first_name": "Manuel",
                    "middle_name": "Othon",
                    "last_name": "Gutierrez-Villanueva",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-3636-7368"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 106001,
                    "first_name": "Bruce",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Cornuelle",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 49479,
                    "first_name": "Sarah",
                    "middle_name": "T.",
                    "last_name": "Gille",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-9144-4368"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 49483,
                    "first_name": "Matthew",
                    "middle_name": "R,",
                    "last_name": "Mazloff",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 106002,
                    "first_name": "Dhruv",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Balwada",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Analysis"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Applied Statistics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Fluid Dynamics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Longitudinal Data Analysis and Time Series"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Statistical Methodology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "mainmanuscript.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/8827/download/16474/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "main_manuscript2.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/8827/download/19114/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "main_manuscript_eartharxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/8827/download/20297/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 13385,
            "title": "Ecosystem accounting for social-ecological policy: an applied ecological economics research agenda from Guatemala",
            "abstract": "Economy and ecology are inseparable since economic decisions affect the natural systems that sustain them. Conventional economics still treats this dependence as an externality to be corrected through prices, even as ecosystems lose resilience and the economy presses against planetary boundaries. Ecological economics offers a more adequate framework, one that situates the economy within a finite biosphere and within limits set by biophysical criteria. This article synthesizes the foundations of the field and brings the Anglo-American and Latin American traditions together toward an applied ecological economics rooted in social metabolism, strong sustainability, and the critique of extractivism. It then systematizes the measurement instruments that make ecological dependence visible for policy, from valuation methods and multicriteria analysis to the ecological footprint, doughnut economics, and the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting. The argument is grounded in Guatemala, a megadiverse Mesoamerican country with a heavily extractive export structure and one of the longest national series of environmental-economic accounts (also called natural capital accounts) in Latin America. The Guatemalan accounts reveal a systematic depreciation of natural capital that conventional economic accounts, including their most well-known indicator (gross domestic product), fail to capture. Forest, water, soil, and wealth indicators all register losses that standard statistics fail to record, and they reshape what counts as economic growth once the depletion of the biophysical base is included. Building on this evidence, the article proposes an applied ecological economics research agenda. The agenda is organized into five interrelated work areas that connect ecosystem accounting, earth system science, and economics. Together they trace a concrete route from theory to public policy and territorial governance, toward transitions that are ecologically viable and socially fair, using Guatemala as a case study.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "ecological economics"
                },
                {
                    "word": " ecosystem services"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Guatemala"
                },
                {
                    "word": " natural capital accounting"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-06-06T05:00:22.117060+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-06-06T05:55:32.723180+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-06-06T05:55:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5V78M",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 138710,
                    "first_name": "Juan Pablo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Castañeda",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-9660-3193"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 138711,
                    "first_name": "Daniel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Pinillos",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Studies"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PSTR-D-26-00148.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/13385/download/23587/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12807,
            "title": "Large climate model ensembles reveal underdispersion in seasonal Atlantic tropical cyclone counts",
            "abstract": "<p>Seasonal Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) counts are commonly modeled as a conditional Poisson process, implying that the distribution of possible seasonal outcomes—the range of TC counts that could plausibly occur in a given year—exhibits equidispersion for a given climate state, with its variance equal to its mean. This assumption underlies many statistical frameworks used for seasonal TC prediction and risk assessment, yet to the best of our knowledge has not been extensively tested directly. Using large ensembles from physics-based climate models (AM2.5-C360 and HiRAM) and a deep learning-based climate emulator (ACE2; Ai2 Climate Emulator version 2), we examine the distributional properties of seasonal TC counts in a controlled modeling framework. Across all models and years, we find that the ensemble distribution of within-season TC counts is systematically underdispersed, with ensemble variances smaller than their corresponding means. This behavior violates the equidispersion implied by a Poisson process and is consistent with a finite opportunity or binomial framework. This interpretation of TC genesis suggests that storms arise from a limited number of precursor disturbances whose likelihood of development depends on large-scale environmental conditions. We fit seasonal TC count distributions from a 1,000-member ACE2 ensemble to the Poisson and binomial distributions and find statistical evidence that the binomial formulation provides a better fit to TC count distributions. The Poisson assumption is not supported by current climate model simulations, given that simulated seasonal TC counts are more constrained than implied by traditional Poisson-based frameworks.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "No Creative Commons license",
                "short_name": "No CC license",
                "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.",
                "url": "https://escholarship.org"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Tropical cyclones"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Climate model"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Seasonal variability"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-28T07:42:56.221561+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-29T08:58:50.735266+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-29T08:58:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X51V1Q",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 125724,
                    "first_name": "Emma",
                    "middle_name": "Lilly",
                    "last_name": "Levin",
                    "salutation": "Miss",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6390,
                    "first_name": "Gabriel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Vecchi",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 35723,
                    "first_name": "Gabriele",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Villarini",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Atmospheric Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Levin_dispersion_04_27.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12807/download/22743/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Levin_dispersion_04_27.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12807/download/22776/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 13275,
            "title": "Future Strengthening of North Atlantic Anthropogenic Carbon Transport Despite AMOC Weakening",
            "abstract": "The North Atlantic is a major hotspot for the uptake, accumulation, and storage of anthropogenic carbon (Canth), processes that are closely linked to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). However, the role of ocean transport in driving this accumulation remains poorly constrained, leading to uncertainty in future carbon uptake and circulation changes under climate forcing. CMIP6 models reasonably reproduce observed Canth transport at RAPID-MOCHA (26.5°N in the North Atlantic). Our results show that northward Canth transport increases under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5, despite a concomitant weakening of AMOC-related volume transport. This strengthening occurs because increases in Canth concentration outweigh reductions in circulation strength. The western boundary current serves as the primary pathway for northward Canth transport and is particularly sensitive to future change. A time-of-emergence analysis indicates that trends in Canth transport become detectable within approximately 25–35 years, with earlier emergence under higher-emission scenarios. The RAPID observational record, that began in 2004, is approaching the detectability threshold for Canth transport trends, but it remains too short to robustly resolve long-term changes in AMOC strength, whose emergence timescale is substantially longer.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Anthropogenic carbon;"
                },
                {
                    "word": "AMOC;"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Time of Emergence;"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Anthropogenic carbon"
                },
                {
                    "word": "AMOC"
                },
                {
                    "word": "North Atlantic"
                },
                {
                    "word": "CMIP6"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Time of Emergence"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-05-30T08:32:08.887492+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-05-30T21:10:44.744572+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-05-30T21:10:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5MV10",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 138374,
                    "first_name": "Ce",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bian",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0009-0003-7721-5552"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 106830,
                    "first_name": "Galen",
                    "middle_name": "A",
                    "last_name": "McKinley",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 138375,
                    "first_name": "Peter",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Brown",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 138376,
                    "first_name": "Elaine",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "McDonagh",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "jgr_oceans_manuscript1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/13275/download/23443/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "JGR_Oceans_manuscript.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/13275/download/23432/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 7881,
            "title": "Inferring Long-Term Tectonic Uplift Patterns from Bayesian Inversion of Fluvially-Incised Landscapes",
            "abstract": "<p>Earth surface processes encode the combined forcing of tectonics and climate in topography. Separating their contributions is essential for using landscapes as quantitative records of crustal deformation.  Here, we develop a method to invert non-dimensionalized, spatially variable fields of long-term rock uplift and rock erodibility from fluvially incised landscapes, using an extended χ-coordinate system that accounts for variability in uplift, erodibility, and precipitation (χ_UKQ) . We invert 170 synthetically-generated landscapes and demonstrate that our method accurately recovers the spatial variability of rock uplift and rock erodibility, even when applied to settings that deviate from the ideal model of equilibrated, detachment-limited channels, which underpins the χ_UKQ framework. We subsequently apply our inversion to six natural landscapes shaped by normal faults (half-grabens), and to a 200-km wide region of the central Himalayas. We show that our inversion can resolve the effect of climate and lithology while extracting uplift fields that are consistent with patterns expected from upper crustal flexure and previous estimates derived from geomorphological markers. The success of our method in recovering rock uplift patterns, isolated from the effects of climate and erodibility, highlights its applicability to settings where long-term uplift trends are unknown, paving the path to deciphering tectonic fingerprints recorded in landscapes over tens of thousands of years.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "date_submitted": "2024-10-15T09:38:39.346000+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2024-10-16T07:02:09.042000+08:00",
            "date_published": "2024-10-16T00:02:00+08:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB030819",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5T407",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 36328,
                    "first_name": "Bar",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Oryan",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-5000-5668"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 36331,
                    "first_name": "Boris",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Gailleton",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 36329,
                    "first_name": "Jean-Arthur",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Olive",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 36330,
                    "first_name": "Luca",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Malatesta",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 17546,
                    "first_name": "Romain",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Jolivet",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "inferring_long_term_uplift.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/7881/download/14871/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "manuscript_river_geodesy.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/7881/download/15177/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "manuscript_river_geodesy_JAO_orig_pdf.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/7881/download/19176/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "manuscript_river_geodesy_JAO_track_changes_orig.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/7881/download/19178/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12554,
            "title": "PharmGuard: A blockchain and LLM-integrated framework with provenance-aware anomaly scoring for securing pharmaceutical supply chains",
            "abstract": "Counterfeit and substandard medicines remain a major global health threat, underscoring the need for end-to-end traceability and proactive monitoring across pharmaceutical supply chains. This paper presents PharmGuard, a framework that combines a permissioned blockchain ledger (Hyperledger Fabric) for tamper-evident provenance with a large-language-model analytics layer for detecting anomalous event sequences and answering natural-language provenance queries. The core contribution of this research is Provenance-Aware Anomaly Scoring (PAAS), which fuses structured provenance features derived from on-chain custody records with LLM-based anomaly signals via a calibrated fusion model. A threat model is proposed that covers external counterfeit insertion, compromised insiders, and colluding actors, mapping each threat to corresponding provenance and behavioral indicators. On a large-scale simulated dataset of 120,000 supply chain events with 600 injected anomalies across five categories, PharmGuard achieves F1 0.941 and AUROC 0.976, outperforming rule-based validation, Isolation Forest, LSTM Autoencoder, Graph Deviation Network, and Anomaly Transformer. The system is further evaluated using a natural language query interface, achieving 94\\% accuracy on 50 provenance queries. Deployment cost trade-offs are analyzed, and privacy-preserving deployment options are considered, including on-premises LLM hosting and cryptographic techniques for selective disclosure. These results suggest that unifying immutable provenance with learned sequence analysis can improve detection coverage for both deterministic compliance violations and subtle multi-stage irregularities.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Blockchain"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Large Language Model"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Pharmaceutical Supply Chain"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Smart Contracts"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Anomaly Detection"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Provenance-Aware Scoring"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Drug Traceability"
                },
                {
                    "word": "DSCSA Compliance"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-09T05:00:17.014851+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-09T14:10:24.910683+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-09T14:10:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5Q19P",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134837,
                    "first_name": "Tahsinul Haque",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Dhrubo",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0009-0004-6576-0446"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134838,
                    "first_name": "Ayesha",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Siddika",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134839,
                    "first_name": "Zarin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Saima",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Computer Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PONE-D-26-16754.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12554/download/22373/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12765,
            "title": "Melt-dominated mid-crust in the 575–500 Ma Damara Orogen: Field constraints on an interconnected migmatite–granite system",
            "abstract": "<p>Modern thermomechanical models emphasise the role of partial melting and granite magmatism on the structural and tectonic evolution of orogenic belts. Partially molten mid-crust can trigger a change from localised deformation to distributed ductile flow, while also accommodating chemical differentiation of the crust. In the southern Central Zone of Namibia’s Damara Orogen, it is unclear whether high-temperature granulite-facies rocks consisted of relatively isolated zones of crustal melting within a predominantly rigid crust, or contained sufficiently widespread partially molten rocks such as to be capable of modifying mechanical behaviour during deformation. Here, we use extensive cross-cutting field relationships, remote sensing, and whole-rock geochemistry to investigate the composition, physical state, and magmatic architecture in the cores of two dome structures. The outcrop area is dominated by metatexite and diatexite migmatites, larger interconnected leucogranite dyke networks and pluton-like accumulations, and subordinate entrained metasedimentary rafts and schlieren. Migmatites and leucogranites intrude into and cross-cut the overlying ca. 870-590 Ma Damara Supergroup along a diffuse and intrusive contact. Geochemical data records similar major, trace, and REE-element patterns between leucosomes in the underlying migmatites and leucogranite dykes intruding into the overlying Damara Supergroup. Overlying leucogranite dykes are more evolved than underlying leucosomes, consistent with differentiation during magma extraction and ascent. Partially molten crust therefore formed a volumetrically dominant interconnected domain throughout deeper structural levels in the cores of these dome structures, providing a foundation for broader discussion on deformation mechanisms and the potential for distributed ductile flow in the Damaran mid-crust.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Migmatite"
                },
                {
                    "word": " leucogranite"
                },
                {
                    "word": " high-temperature metamorphism"
                },
                {
                    "word": " partial melting"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Damara Orogen"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Namibia"
                },
                {
                    "word": "migmatite"
                },
                {
                    "word": "leucogranite"
                },
                {
                    "word": "damara orogen"
                },
                {
                    "word": "partial melting"
                },
                {
                    "word": "high-temperature metamorphism"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-24T20:14:14.467802+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-25T21:46:52.769867+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-25T21:45:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5MR2B",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 135812,
                    "first_name": "Thomas",
                    "middle_name": "Lloyd",
                    "last_name": "Jones",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135813,
                    "first_name": "Alex",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Otto",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135814,
                    "first_name": "Ed",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Becker",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135815,
                    "first_name": "Andy",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wilde",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geochemistry"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Stratigraphy"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "JonesEtAl 2026 - EarthArXiv Preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12765/download/22680/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "JonesEtAl 2026 - EarthArXiv Preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12765/download/22681/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "JonesEtAl 2026 - Damara magmatic architecture.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12765/download/23608/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12523,
            "title": "Geochemical and granulometric fingerprints of 8,200-year Westerly variability recorded in inner-fjord lake sediments from Central Svalbard",
            "abstract": "<p>The Arctic is warming faster than any other region on Earth. As sea-ice diminishes, surface boundary conditions (roughness and air-sea coupling) change and open-water fetch increases, potentially strengthening the effective wind forcing on Arctic coasts. These changes can be recorded in lake sediments through the deposition of wind-blown grains and elements, offering insights into past wind and climate dynamics. We reconstruct ca. 8,200 yrs of wind-climate variability using laminated sediments from a closed-basin lake in the Central part of the High Arctic Svalbard archipelago. By integrating geochemical, visual, and granulometric fingerprints within a multiproxy geostatistical framework, we link wind-blown minerogenic input to specific catchment sources and show that iron (Fe)- and titanium (Ti)- enriched clasts originate from distinct dolerite outcrops West of the lake, upwind of the dominant summer Westerlies. These results reveal a locally filtered Westerly input, consistent with valley-fjord channelling. We identify four Mid- and Late Holocene phases of enhanced eolian activity that occurred during intervals when local boundary conditions favoured the entrainment and transport of sediment into the basin. Unit-scale sedimentation shifts can be placed at the end of the Holocene optimum and at the stepwise onset of the Neoglacial. However, the reconstructed wind signal shows comparatively stable long-term behaviour and no direct correspondence with paleoclimate records.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "No Creative Commons license",
                "short_name": "No CC license",
                "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.",
                "url": "https://escholarship.org"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Westerly winds"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Lake sediments"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Spitsbergen"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Holocene"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sediment provenance"
                },
                {
                    "word": "End Member Modelling"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-07T21:06:12.077524+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-09T06:11:41.172298+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-09T06:11:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5719B",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134687,
                    "first_name": "Zofia",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Stachowska",
                    "salutation": "Mrs",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-7124-9231"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134688,
                    "first_name": "Willem",
                    "middle_name": "G. M.",
                    "last_name": "van der Bilt",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134689,
                    "first_name": "Jan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kavan",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134690,
                    "first_name": "Mark",
                    "middle_name": "F. A.",
                    "last_name": "Furze",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134691,
                    "first_name": "Ingunn",
                    "middle_name": "H.",
                    "last_name": "Thorseth",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134692,
                    "first_name": "Mateusz",
                    "middle_name": "C.",
                    "last_name": "Strzelecki",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Stachowska et al., preprint_EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12523/download/22329/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Original Paper_preprint on Eartharixiv _Stachowska et al._10.04.2026.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12523/download/22392/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12539,
            "title": "Quantifying the Regional Dynamics and Redistribution of Physical Vulnerability in Least Developed Countries",
            "abstract": "<p>In the margins of the accelerating development of digital technology worldwide are the Least Developed Countries (LDCs), which continually face an exacerbated risk crisis at the intersection of rapid rural-urban growth, underlying physical vulnerability, and intensifying climate hazards. Despite decades of international development commitments, the rate of built-up expansion across LDCs has significantly outpaced efforts to transition equitably towards lower physical vulnerability alongside increasing physical, socio-economic, and environmental risks. To understand the evolution of physical vulnerability over the past five decades, this study presents a comprehensive, multi-decadal quantitative spatiotemporal analysis of regional building stock composition and its redistribution dynamics across LDCs, examining aggregate regional trends, cross-country variation, and context-specific dynamics in landlocked geographies, small island developing states, African sub-regions, and post-disaster settings. Using annualised and aggregate proportional change metrics, our findings reveal that compositional redistribution has shifted predominantly towards locally sourced materials for earthen construction, which are of high vulnerability. Varying rural and urban development patterns emerge as primary drivers of redistribution trajectories, while landlocked and island nations face uniquely compounding disadvantages due to material accessibility, affordability, and resource constraints. In post-disaster contexts, the persistent prevalence of unreinforced masonry confirms that disaster occurrence has a localised effect on reshaping construction practices without robust institutional governance. These findings provide the most granular spatiotemporal evidence to date on whether LDCs are achieving significant redistribution progress and offer a quantified, prospective basis for redesigning regional vulnerability management strategies and international risk reduction frameworks that are adaptive and sensitive to the diverse and challenging realities of the built environment in LDCs, both towards and beyond 2030.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nBY-NC-SA Compatible License means a license listed at creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicense Elements means the license attributes listed in the name of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this Public License are Attribution, NonCommercial, and ShareAlike.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nAdditional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material. Every recipient of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions of the Adapter’s License You apply.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nShareAlike.\r\nIn addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.\r\n\r\nThe Adapter’s License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-NC-SA Compatible License.\r\nYou must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "physical vulnerability"
                },
                {
                    "word": "probabilistic"
                },
                {
                    "word": "least developed countries"
                },
                {
                    "word": "remote sensing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "deep learning"
                },
                {
                    "word": "spatiotemporal"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-08T13:06:11.464414+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-09T14:06:53.607884+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-09T14:06:00+08:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.31223/X5ZJ44",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5ZJ44",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 117093,
                    "first_name": "Joshua",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Dimasaka",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-9618-9431"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 117094,
                    "first_name": "Christian",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Geiss",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 117095,
                    "first_name": "Emily",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "So",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Categorical Data Analysis"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Civil Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geographic Information Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Computer Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical and Environmental Geography"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Remote Sensing"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Spatial Science"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Structural Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "preprint_EarthArxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12539/download/22348/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "dimasaka2026LDCpreprintV2.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12539/download/22975/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16608380",
                    "label": "METEOR 2.5D: An Open Geospatial Dataset of Spatiotemporal Evolution of Physical Vulnerability in UN-recognized Least Developed Countries (as of 2020) at Five-year Intervals, 1975-2030 (Part 1 of 2)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16695059",
                    "label": "METEOR 2.5D: An Open Geospatial Dataset of Spatiotemporal Evolution of Physical Vulnerability in UN-recognized Least Developed Countries (as of 2020) at Five-year Intervals, 1975-2030 (Part 2 of 2)"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 12533,
            "title": "Automated Detection of Slow Slip Events from InSAR: Application to the North Anatolian Fault",
            "abstract": "The growing volume of InSAR time series offers new opportunities to systematically detect transient aseismic deformation, but identifying low-amplitude slow slip events (SSEs) remains challenging due to noise and limited temporal resolution. Here, we adapt the geodetic matched filter, originally developed for GNSS data, to InSAR displacement time series in the context of shallow strike-slip faults. The method relies on correlations between physics-based templates and relative displacement time series constructed between pixels located on either side of the fault, enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio and mitigating atmospheric artifacts. Using synthetic experiments with realistic noise, we quantify detection thresholds and show that SSEs with magnitudes as small as Mw 4–4.5 can be reliably detected at shallow depths. A validation strategy based on spatial coherence and weighted stacking of displacement time series significantly reduces false detections. We apply this approach to the Izmit and Ismetpasa segments of the North Anatolian Fault using multi-level processed InSAR datasets. The method successfully retrieves previously documented SSEs and shows that advanced post-processing improves detection capability. Detected events have magnitudes Mw 4.0–4.3, shallow depths (&lt; 2–4 km), and durations of days to weeks, consistent with independent geodetic observations. These results demonstrate that physics-based template matching provides a robust and scalable framework for automatic SSE detection in InSAR time series. ",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "slow slip events"
                },
                {
                    "word": "North Anatolian Fault"
                },
                {
                    "word": "SAR interferometry"
                },
                {
                    "word": "strike-slip fault"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-08T04:23:48.506757+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-09T14:11:36.265104+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-09T14:11:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5K77R",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134720,
                    "first_name": "Estelle",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Neyrinck",
                    "salutation": "Miss",
                    "orcid": "0009-0007-5195-329X"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 127871,
                    "first_name": "Baptiste",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rousset",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134734,
                    "first_name": "Cécile",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Doubre",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 11102,
                    "first_name": "Luis",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rivera",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-0726-5445"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "2026_Preprint_final.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12533/download/22341/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 9872,
            "title": "Technological Adaptation Outpaces Climate Impacts on Aviation: Evidence from Three Decades of Warming",
            "abstract": "<p>Climate impact assessments frequently prioritize projections over empirical validation of operational outcomes. We introduce and apply a generalizable empirical validation framework that (i) separates operational encounters from safety outcomes and (ii) tests climate → operations linkages via physical mechanism validation with explicit detectability bounds. Using 33 years (1991–2023) of U.S. aviation data (NTSB, ASRS) normalized by exposure and coupled with NASA GISTEMP and ERA5 reanalysis, we find: encounters with turbulence and convective weather increased, yet turbulence accident outcomes declined by approximately 85% (from ~0.32 to 0.05 per 100,000 flight hours). A mechanism test shows weak coupling between global temperature anomalies and North American winter vertical wind shear (r = 0.09, p = 0.316), within detectable limits given the sample size. Together, these results indicate that technological and operational improvements appear to outpace modest climate signals within the observed warming (+0.7 °C), constituting a surprising null result for safety outcomes during recent warming. The framework’s anti–p-hacking safeguards (pre-specification, full temporal coverage, stationarity discipline, and mechanism validation) provide standards for adaptation evidence. We discuss implications for prioritizing adaptation investments and aligning assessments with IPCC WGII risk framing. Limitations include U.S.-only scope and observational design; future work should test cross-region generalizability and higher-warming scenarios (+2–4 °C).</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "climate change"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Aviation safety"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Infrastructure resilience"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Empirical validation"
                },
                {
                    "word": " adaptation"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Risk assessment"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Technological innovation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Aviation Safety"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Infrastructure resilience"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Empirical Validation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "adaptation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "risk assessment"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Technological Innovation"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-08-08T13:35:18.145000+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-08-08T21:59:13.260000+08:00",
            "date_published": "2025-08-08T21:59:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X58J1S",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 117509,
                    "first_name": "M Mostagir",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bhuiyan",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0009-0004-1914-8184"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 117510,
                    "first_name": "Rifa",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rafia",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Studies"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Climate_Change_and_Aviation_Safety.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9872/download/18322/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Climate_Change_and_Aviation_Safety.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9872/download/18323/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "climate_change_and_aviation_safety1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9872/download/18326/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Climate_Change_and_Aviation_Safety_Revised_v2.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9872/download/22377/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Climate_Change_and_Aviation_Safety_Revised_v2.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9872/download/22381/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/tj450hekfskx13t5s4a91/Climate_Change_and_Aviation_Safety_SI.pdf?rlkey=c8csf1d3gjdivchwwox37hirb&dl=0",
                    "label": "Supplementary File"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 9758,
            "title": "Experiments to Systematically Evaluate the Role of Cohesion in Channel Initiation and Evolution",
            "abstract": "<p>Sediment cohesion has long been thought to exert a fundamental control on channel evolution and the wide range of channel forms observed on Earth and other planets. Here we present results from simplified laminar flume experiments to investigate how systematically increasing sediment cohesion affects erosional channel formation. Low cohesion leads to a subtle shift from highly mobile, braided-like to single-thread sinuous channels. At intermediate cohesion we observe an abrupt shift to straight, narrow, gully-like channels with retreating headcuts. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) shows that this change occurs despite similar sediment transport rates. At higher cohesion, bedrock-like headcut retreat and sediment transport rate decreases due to highly stabilized banks and the dominance of aggregates. Our work demonstrates that even in abstract, simplified experiments, changes in cohesion can produce a wide range of channel forms strikingly similar to those observed at a range of scales and environmental conditions on Earth and other planets.  </p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "No Creative Commons license",
                "short_name": "No CC license",
                "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.",
                "url": "https://escholarship.org"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "River"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Cohesion"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Erosion"
                },
                {
                    "word": "fluvial"
                },
                {
                    "word": "experiments"
                },
                {
                    "word": "gullies"
                },
                {
                    "word": "dynamics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "shear stress"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-07-29T00:06:55.171000+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-07-31T00:14:20.685000+08:00",
            "date_published": "2025-07-31T00:14:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5K44K",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 27364,
                    "first_name": "Nacere",
                    "middle_name": "M",
                    "last_name": "Samassi",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 117010,
                    "first_name": "Fernando David",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Cúñez",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 91213,
                    "first_name": "Rachel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Glade",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering Science and Materials"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Materials Science and Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Mechanical Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "rcg_nacere_geology_manuscript_preprintgeology.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9758/download/18145/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "samassi_GRL_.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9758/download/22998/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "samassi_GRL_.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9758/download/22999/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9758/download/23040/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "samassi_GRL_.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9758/download/23037/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 13386,
            "title": "Beyond Techno-Centered Decarbonization Roadmaps: Designing Demand-Side Pathways for Sustainable Mobility",
            "abstract": "Decarbonization roadmaps for the automobile sector predominantly rely on supply-side improvements and electrification, yet their ability to deliver the required environmental reductions remains uncertain. This study introduces the Demand-Side Decomposition Analysis framework, which consistently integrates demand-side mitigation into a parametrized life cycle assessment of the automobile value chain and links environmental impacts with decent living standards to identify pathways compatible with both environmental limits and basic social needs. Applied to Swiss terrestrial mobility, this novel framework shows that current technology-centered roadmaps fail to simultaneously meet climate targets and copper supply constraints. Achieving these objectives requires coordinated activation of all demand-side levers, including reducing travel demand, shifting transport modes, and improving vehicle intensities. Substantial reductions in motorized travel distance and vehicle size, alongside high electrification rates, are necessary. These findings call for repositioning demand-side mitigation at the core of ecological transition pathways, with supply-side improvements acting as enabling supports.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Demand-side Mitigation"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Life Cycle Assessment"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Sustainable Mobility"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Decent Living Standards"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Demand-Side Decomposition Analysis"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-06-06T05:00:22.541129+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-06-06T05:56:18.872497+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-06-06T05:56:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5QF6P",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 138839,
                    "first_name": "Gabriel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Magnaval",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 138840,
                    "first_name": "Soline",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Corre",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0009-0004-6271-3820"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 138841,
                    "first_name": "Maël",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mouhoub",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 137175,
                    "first_name": "Manuele",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Margni",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 138842,
                    "first_name": "Anne-Marie",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Boulay",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Studies"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PSTR-D-26-00149.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/13386/download/23588/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11208,
            "title": "A fan-shaped subglacial basin province in East Antarctica formed by rotational extension",
            "abstract": "<p>Recent sub-ice topography investigations have imaged with greatly improved detail a set of low-elevation V- shaped basins hidden beneath a very large sector of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Here we jointly interpret sub-ice topography and geophysical data and show that these basins form a semi-continental sized fan shaped physiographic unit which radiates from a focal point near the South Pole. We name this the East Antarctic Fan-shaped Basin Province. We propose the fan-like landscape to be the product of distributed intraplate rotational extension prior to Gondwana breakup, with three continental-scale consequences. Laterally, to the west, it caused compression and the consequent uplift of the Gamburtsev Mountains. To the east, the northernmost Transantarctic Mountains segment was rotated clockwise of ~20° overriding the West Antarctic Rift System’s hot lithosphere, causing segmentation of the mountain chain into three blocks and their differential uplift due to thermal buoyancy. To the North, the transcurrent edge of the fan formed the lithospheric weakness that controlled the break-up of Gondwana by driving the propagation of Antarctica/Australia separation and shaping the resulting semi-circular passive continental margins. These processes have influenced the present-day East Antarctica sub-ice landscape and the evolution of the overlying ice-sheet, including the development of glacial troughs and outlet glaciers.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "East Antarctica"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Radial pattern"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Rotational extension"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Continental scale fan"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-12-19T05:14:08.645000+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-12-19T06:12:06.685000+08:00",
            "date_published": "2025-12-19T06:12:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5C17T",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 126718,
                    "first_name": "Egidio",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Armadillo",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 126730,
                    "first_name": "Daniele",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rizzello",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 126731,
                    "first_name": "Pietro",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Balbi",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 126797,
                    "first_name": "Alessandro",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ghirotto",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 126798,
                    "first_name": "Davide",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Scafidi",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 126799,
                    "first_name": "Guy",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Paxman",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 126800,
                    "first_name": "Andrea",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zunino",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 126801,
                    "first_name": "Fausto",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ferraccioli",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 126802,
                    "first_name": "Laura",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Crispini",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 126803,
                    "first_name": "Andreas",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Läufer",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 126804,
                    "first_name": "Frank",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lisker",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 126805,
                    "first_name": "Antonia",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ruppel",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 126806,
                    "first_name": "Danilo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Morelli",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 126807,
                    "first_name": "Martin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Siegert",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Glaciology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "EAFBP.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11208/download/20381/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "EAFBP.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11208/download/21494/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "EAFBP.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11208/download/21492/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "EAFBP_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11208/download/23184/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "EAFBP_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11208/download/23196/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12559,
            "title": "Assessing Future Temperature and Precipitation Responses to Solar Radiation Management in Bangladesh: A Comparative Analysis with SSP Scenarios",
            "abstract": "Bangladesh is among the most climate-vulnerable nations globally, facing compounding risks from rising temperatures, shifting precipitation patterns, and intensifying extreme events. This study assesses projected changes in precipitation, maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) over Bangladesh under two emission pathways — SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 — and two Solar Radiation Management (SRM) scenarios — G6Solar and G6Sulfur — using bias-corrected CMIP6 multi-model ensemble data for the period 2070–2099. Bias correction using the Quantile Delta Mapping method substantially improved model performance, with Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency rising from −0.28 to 0.97 for precipitation and from −0.11 to 0.99 for temperature. Relative to the historical baseline (1985–2014), annual Tmax increases by 1.27°C under SSP2-4.5 and 2.36°C under SSP5-8.5, while Tmin increases by 1.71°C and 3.02°C, respectively. SRM scenarios substantially moderate warming, with Tmax increases of 1.33°C (G6Solar) and 1.45°C (G6Sulfur), and Tmin increases of 1.90°C (G6Solar) and 1.95°C (G6Sulfur). Warming is strongest in winter and weakest during the monsoon across all scenarios. Annual precipitation increases across all scenarios relative to historical levels, with the largest rise under SSP5-8.5; however, G6Solar produces 2.5% less precipitation than SSP2-4.5, raising concerns about seasonal drought risk, particularly during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods. Spatially, the southeastern and coastal regions experience the greatest increases in both temperature and precipitation, while northern Bangladesh shows comparatively smaller changes. Trend analysis using the Modified Mann-Kendall test reveals significant increasing temperature trends in all scenarios, strongest under SSP5-8.5 (Tmin: 0.47°C decade−1; Tmax: 0.38°C decade−1). The SRM scenarios partially offset high-emission warming but introduce precipitation uncertainties, underscoring that geoengineering should complement, not replace, greenhouse gas mitigation.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Geoengineering"
                },
                {
                    "word": "GeoMIP6"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Climate"
                },
                {
                    "word": "CMIP6"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Bangladesh"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-10T05:00:19.055892+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-10T06:19:36.671081+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-10T06:19:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5XJ3F",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 129986,
                    "first_name": "Afifa",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Talukder",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 125739,
                    "first_name": "Mohammad",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kamruzzaman",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134872,
                    "first_name": "Syed  Hafizur",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rahman",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-0112-9124"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Other Life Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PCLM-D-26-00182.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12559/download/22383/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12715,
            "title": "Xerokampos Evidence for a localized hot desert microclimate enclave",
            "abstract": "<p>This study investigates the spatial precipitation distribution and microclimatic characteristics of the coastal enclave of Xerokampos, Lasithi in Greece. Utilizing a local meteorological time series (2020-2026), the mean annual precipitation (MAP) is recorded at 219.5 mm, alongside a mean annual temperature of 20.9°C. To contextualize these limited contemporary observations, a synthetic climate reconstruction (1915-1929) and a 30-year ERA5 marine reanalysis (1996-2026) were applied, yielding MAP estimates of 171.2 mm and 227.1 mm, respectively. The region's aridity is quantified using multiple bioclimatic indices. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Aridity Index yields values of 0.178 (Holdridge) and 0.199 (Thornthwaite), both falling within the desert regime (&lt;0.20). Additionally, the De Martonne Aridity Index ranges between 5.54 (synthetic) and 7.10 (contemporary), while the Köppen-Geiger desertification threshold is calculated at 209.0 mm. This persistent precipitation deficit is primarily driven by the rain shadow effect and dry adiabatic heating (Foehn effect) induced by the adjacent Ziros massif. Furthermore, the local bioclimatic stress is corroborated by the Sitia UNESCO Global Geopark, which classifies the coastal zone as semi-desert, hosting unique North African thermophilic flora. Integrating thermodynamic modeling with empirical indices, findings suggest that Xerokampos likely constitutes a structurally localized Hot Desert (Köppen: BWh) microclimate enclave.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Köppen BWh"
                },
                {
                    "word": " ERA5"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Mediterranean aridity"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Foehn effect"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Aridity"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Rain Shadow"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Microclimate"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Desertification"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Foehn Effect"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Eastern Crete"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Mediterranean Climate"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Bioclimatology"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-21T06:07:21.472664+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-21T21:32:52.716460+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-21T21:32:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X52X9R",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 135528,
                    "first_name": "Iason",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Chatzopoulos",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0009-0008-5848-2360"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135538,
                    "first_name": "Nikolaos",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Stavrakakis",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Climate"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "  Xerokampos EN.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12715/download/22594/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "  Xerokampos EN.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12715/download/22586/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Xerokampos EN.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12715/download/22587/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "   Xerokampos EN.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12715/download/22593/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": " Xerokampos en.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12715/download/22672/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12560,
            "title": "Coupling Coordination and Driving Mechanisms of Land Use and Ecosystem Service Value in the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration",
            "abstract": "ABSTRACT\nResearch Content: This study focuses on the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration, analyzing the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics, coupling coordination relationship, and driving mechanisms of land use and ecosystem service value (ESV) from 2010 to 2024. It aims to provide a scientific basis for regional territorial spatial optimization and ecological civilization construction. Research Methods: Based on multi-temporal land use data, the study comprehensively employs methods including land use transfer matrix, dynamic degree and comprehensive intensity quantification, ESV equivalent factor assessment, coupling coordination degree model, trend surface model, and geographical detector. Key findings include:(1) The overall land use structure remained stable, with ecological land (forest, grassland, and water bodies) dominating. However, construction land continued to expand, primarily at the expense of cultivated land and a small amount of forest land, reflecting the squeezing effect of urbanization on ecological space. (2) The total ESV increased significantly, rising from 1.194 billion yuan in 2010 to 2.288 billion yuan in 2024, with regulating services contributing the most. The spatial distribution of ESV exhibited a pattern of “higher in the south and lower in the north, higher in the west and lower in the east,” with high-value areas distributed along a northeast–southwest corridor. (3) The coupling coordination degree between land use and ESV steadily improved, with most regions transitioning from “uncoordinated” to “coordinated.” However, coordination levels remained relatively low in core urbanized areas such as Kunming, revealing the ongoing tension between intensive human activities and ecological function maintenance.(4) The driving mechanisms showed dynamic evolution: early stages were dominated by natural factors such as NDVI and slope; after 2020, the explanatory power of socio-economic factors like GDP significantly increased; by 2024, a multi-factor synergistic driving pattern had formed, integrating natural constraints (e.g., slope) and human factors (economy, population). Nonlinear interactive enhancement effects were observed among factors. (5) This study reveals a regional development phenomenon in the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration where construction land expansion coexists with an increase in total ESV. This phenomenon partly stems from the substantial growth of ecological land (especially water bodies) and their high ESV coefficients achieved through major project interventions. However, it also warns that relying solely on expanding a single land type to boost ESV may entail long-term ecological risks. This highlights the necessity and complexity of achieving a balance between ecological benefits and socio-economic development through refined spatial management during urbanization. (6) The study systematically elucidates the evolution of regional human–land relationships from “natural background dominance” to “natural–socio economic synergy.” It provides empirical evidence for understanding the interaction between land use and ecosystem services at the urban agglomeration scale and offers reference value for promoting regional sustainable development.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "KEYWORDS: Land use change"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Ecosystem Service Value (ESV)"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Coupling coordination degree model"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Geodetector"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Human-land system coordination mechanism"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-10T05:00:20.048763+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-10T15:47:22.045342+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-10T15:47:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5P180",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134873,
                    "first_name": "Jiali",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zhang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0009-0005-9573-9979"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134874,
                    "first_name": "Lede",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Niu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134875,
                    "first_name": "Yan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zhou",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134876,
                    "first_name": "Minjun",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zhao",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Studies"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PONE-D-26-16417.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12560/download/22384/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12563,
            "title": "The Evolution of Digital Twins in Hydrology and Environmental Science:  From Physical Models to AI-Assisted Autonomous Systems",
            "abstract": "Digital Twin (DT) technologies have emerged as transformative framework in hydrology, enabling adaptive, real-time modeling of water systems through data-driven intelligence. This position paper proposes a five-level technological evolution model for hydrological digital twins, tracing field’s progression over the last three decades (1995-2025) from physical models to autonomous &amp; interconnected systems. Each level is anchored in technological milestones such as web systems, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and immersive environments that collectively enhance the interactivity, intelligence, and integration capacity of DT systems. The study introduces a layered implementation framework that links enabling technologies to functional capabilities across the DT lifecycle. Drawing from this thirty-year synthesis and real-world applications, we illustrate how DTs are being used for flood prediction, watershed management, infrastructure resilience, and stakeholder engagement. A cross-level capability matrix is presented to analyze DT levels in terms of data requirements, visualization methods, computational demand, expertise, and cost. The study also identifies critical research challenges in data interoperability, AI ethics, cybersecurity, and institutional coordination. Recommendations are provided to guide future research, emphasizing open standards, modular architectures, participatory design, and public trust. This study presents a vision for hydrological digital twins as scalable, intelligent, and ethically grounded systems that support climate resilience, disaster mitigation, and sustainable water governance.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Digital Twin (DT)"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Hydrological modeling"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Water resources management"
                },
                {
                    "word": "AI-assisted autonomous system"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Decision-support"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-10T06:37:20.717470+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-10T22:10:38.475035+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-10T22:10:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5DJ2D",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134891,
                    "first_name": "Omer",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mermer",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": "0009-0006-6691-6558"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 96548,
                    "first_name": "Ibrahim",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Demir",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manuscript_DT_Evolution_EarthArxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12563/download/22388/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12565,
            "title": "Persistent Geochemical Zonation (“Striping”) within the Galápagos Mantle Plume",
            "abstract": "<p>Some hotspot tracks, such as those formed by the Hawai’i and Galápagos mantle plumes, exhibit long-lived cross-track isotopic zonation, thought to reflect the streaking out of heterogeneous material in the plume conduit during upwelling. In lavas associated with the Galápagos mantle plume, three geochemical domains, present for at least 15 Myr, have been identified: northern, southern and central. The most extreme isotopic enrichments are observed in the northern domain of the Cocos Ridge at ~15 Ma, and in the southern domain of the Galápagos Archipelago at the present day. Owing to the northward migration of the Galápagos Spreading Centre above the plume since ~20 Ma, this relationship suggests that geochemical enrichment in the Galápagos basalts is always greatest above the region of the plume furthest from the nearby mid-ocean ridge. Here we demonstrate that the temporal variations in geochemical enrichment associated with Galápagos plume stripes likely reflect ''shallow mantle control'' associated with differences in the mean depth of melting. We conduct forward melting models of a mixed peridotite-pyroxenite mantle to calculate the isotopic composition of the resulting melts formed under two mantle flow regimes. Our results demonstrate that variations in the average pressure of melt generation, due to the influence of the nearby ridge axis, may explain the range of isotopic compositions across ~15 Ma of Galápagos plume-related volcanism. The patterns of isotopic zonation observed along the hotspot track strongly confirm the paradigm of persistent plume striping, with variations in the degree of geochemical enrichment modulated by shallow mantle processes.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Galápagos"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Mantle Plume"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Geochemistry"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Isotopic Zonation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Mantle Dynamics"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-10T07:22:36.446117+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-10T15:49:07.926384+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-10T15:49:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5JB4B",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 4000,
                    "first_name": "Matthew",
                    "middle_name": "Lloyd Morgan",
                    "last_name": "Gleeson",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-0839-5492"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134895,
                    "first_name": "Mark",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Richards",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134896,
                    "first_name": "Cinzia",
                    "middle_name": "G",
                    "last_name": "Farnetani",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134897,
                    "first_name": "Kaj",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hoernle",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134898,
                    "first_name": "Sally",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Gibson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Gleeson_EarthArXiV.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12565/download/22390/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Gleeson_EarthArXiV.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12565/download/22537/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12998,
            "title": "Improving Learning and Science Outcomes in The Reservoir Observer Student Scientists (ROSS) Program Through Reflection and Skill Building Exercises",
            "abstract": "The Reservoir Observer Student Scientists (ROSS) program engages high school students in year-round water quality monitoring to detect and understand cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs). This place-based participatory science program combines hands-on sampling, data analysis, and reflective learning to foster scientific literacy and contribute to environmental research. A mid-year data quality and analysis activity was introduced to improve students’ understanding of sampling rigor and enhance the reliability of their contributions. Additional points of reflection at the end of the school year improved students’ understanding of limnology and the process of doing science. Results show that students not only developed procedural knowledge and data literacy but also produced scientifically valid data, comparable to professional standards. The program demonstrates how structured training and inquiry-based activities can simultaneously advance educational outcomes and support long-term ecological monitoring.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "cyanobacteria blooms"
                },
                {
                    "word": " data literacy"
                },
                {
                    "word": " environmental education"
                },
                {
                    "word": " participatory science"
                },
                {
                    "word": " scientific reproducibility"
                },
                {
                    "word": " water quality"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-05-12T13:29:21.577738+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-05-12T21:27:11.232995+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-05-12T21:27:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5GJ3D",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 137228,
                    "first_name": "Zohreh",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mazaheri Kouhanestani",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 137230,
                    "first_name": "Heather",
                    "middle_name": "Ann",
                    "last_name": "Fischer",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 137231,
                    "first_name": "Lauren",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Holdorf",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 22486,
                    "first_name": "Rebecca",
                    "middle_name": "Lee",
                    "last_name": "North",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Education"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Life Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "ROSS_Frontiers_Submission_HFedits.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12998/download/23046/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12719,
            "title": "A hybrid physics–ML framework for integrating groundwater dynamics into land surface modeling",
            "abstract": "",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-21T20:21:41.345358+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-22T21:39:50.243013+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-22T21:39:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5PR3B",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 135563,
                    "first_name": "Chen",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Yang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135564,
                    "first_name": "Hui",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Huang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135565,
                    "first_name": "Zeyu",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Tang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135566,
                    "first_name": "Yongjiu",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Dai",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135567,
                    "first_name": "Xiaobin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Chang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "hybrid coupling paper_20260421.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12719/download/22595/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "hybrid coupling paper_20260421.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12719/download/22614/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 9216,
            "title": "The OpenQuake Model Building Toolkit: A suite of tools for building components of a seismic hazard model",
            "abstract": "<p>Building a probabilistic seismic hazard model is a complex task, requiring the integration of disparate datasets into one cohesive and comprehensive model. To facilitate this process, we have developed the OpenQuake Model Building Toolkit (OQ-MBTK), a collection of functions for constructing probabilistic seismic hazard models. This toolkit encompasses a wide array of functions essential for hazard model development, enabling users to start from catalogue and fault data and sequentially step through the model building process to produce hazard inputs compatible with the OpenQuake (OQ) Engine. These tools allow users to build seismic source models that capture epistemic uncertainty using a logic tree, select suitable ground motions for different tectonic regions, and carry out thorough sensitivity analyses. Crucially, the toolkit ensures that data are treated consistently at all stages of the process. Using the MBTK to streamline the model building workflow can ensure it is reproducible and more robust.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "probabilistic seismic hazard assessment"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-05-15T23:20:44.683000+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-05-16T21:48:31.476000+08:00",
            "date_published": "2025-05-16T21:48:00+08:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.26443/seismica.v5i1.1677",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5Q43F",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 12446,
                    "first_name": "Marco",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Pagani",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 108316,
                    "first_name": "Kirsty",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bayliss",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-2564-983X"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 108317,
                    "first_name": "Christopher",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Brooks",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 108318,
                    "first_name": "Kendra",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Johnson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 108319,
                    "first_name": "Richard",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Styron",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 108320,
                    "first_name": "Manuela",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Villani",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 108321,
                    "first_name": "Yufang",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rong",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "mbtk_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9216/download/17181/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/GEMScienceTools/oq-mbtk",
                    "label": "github repository"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://zenodo.org/records/15111998",
                    "label": "Zenodo archive"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 13683,
            "title": "Glacier thickness, thermal regime, and subjective uncertainty from ground-penetrating radar of 25 Svalbard glaciers",
            "abstract": "Glacier thickness and thermal regime control glacier dynamics and long-term evolution, but observations are sparse at regional scales. Both can be measured using ground-penetrating radar (GPR), which requires manual or automated interpretation. Interpretation often depends on more than signal waveform analysis alone, and this subjectivity has not been thoroughly quantified before. We present 699 km of ground-based GPR data from 25 glaciers in Svalbard, after crowd-sourcing glacier bed and cold-temperate transition surface (CTS) interpretations from 41 contributors. We find that subjective uncertainty is usually smaller than instrument-related uncertainties for the glacier bed, though notable exceptions exist from off-nadir reflections or occlusion by temperate ice. CTS interpretations have higher spreads and show qualitative disagreement in the required amount of scatter to be considered as temperate ice. Our thermal regime consensus estimates reveal a wide diversity in temperate ice extent and distribution between glaciers, as well as insights into the thermal structure of glaciers with surge-related histories. Our thickness consensus agrees with previous measurements, and we show that thickness inversion model performance varies with thermal regime. All data are available to enable novel applications and automated bed/CTS detection methods that acknowledge interpretation uncertainty.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "gpr"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ground penetrating radar"
                },
                {
                    "word": "svalbard"
                },
                {
                    "word": "glacier"
                },
                {
                    "word": "thermal regime"
                },
                {
                    "word": "cts"
                },
                {
                    "word": "crowd-sourcing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "subjective"
                },
                {
                    "word": "data"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-06-26T00:05:12.452609+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-06-26T05:55:54.884869+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-06-26T05:55:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5P19C",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 88942,
                    "first_name": "Erik",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Schytt Mannerfelt",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-9146-557X"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 139904,
                    "first_name": "Ursula",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Enzenhofer",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 139905,
                    "first_name": "Satu",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Innanen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 139906,
                    "first_name": "Jogscha",
                    "middle_name": "Miriam",
                    "last_name": "Abderhalden",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 139907,
                    "first_name": "Karlijn",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ploeg",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 139908,
                    "first_name": "Johannes",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Brunner",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 139909,
                    "first_name": "Mette",
                    "middle_name": "Kusk",
                    "last_name": "Gillespie",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 139910,
                    "first_name": "Gabrielle",
                    "middle_name": "Emma",
                    "last_name": "Kleber",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 139911,
                    "first_name": "Jonathan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kolar",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 139912,
                    "first_name": "Geir",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Moholdt",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 139913,
                    "first_name": "Solveig",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Solem",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 139915,
                    "first_name": "Andrew",
                    "middle_name": "Jonathan",
                    "last_name": "Hodson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Glaciology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "JOG-2025-0183.R1_Proof_hi_withsupplementary.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/13683/download/24029/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17882299",
                    "label": "Data publication"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/erikmannerfelt/svalbard_radar",
                    "label": "Source code"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://erikmannerfelt.github.io/svalbard_radar_web/",
                    "label": "Archived crowd-sourcing website"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 12865,
            "title": "Control of natural hazard events through emergency landscaping",
            "abstract": "Humans reshape the surface of the Earth through efforts to protect people and places from natural hazards. While some hazard defences, such as river levees, are permanent infrastructure, other measures, such as wildfire fighting, are responsive: they occur while a hazard event is in progress, actively intervening in its behaviour to mitigate its impact. Deliberate, concurrent, mitigating interventions in the physical processes of a natural hazard event are here termed \"emergency landscaping\". When intervention actions are concurrent with an evolving natural hazard event, hazard and intervention behaviours may become mechanistically coupled, such that each changes as a function of the other. Despite their ubiquity across a variety of natural hazard types and settings, emergency landscaping is missing from process-based, predictive numerical models of natural hazard events that inform operational decision-making. Improving prediction of natural hazard impacts is fundamental to reducing disaster risk. For hazard events that trigger intervention, eliding the effects of emergency landscaping may contribute to persistent disparities between model prediction and observation. Addressing emergency landscaping as a fundamental physical process in human-altered environments opens new avenues of interdisciplinary research into the dynamics of natural hazards.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "natural hazards"
                },
                {
                    "word": "wildfires"
                },
                {
                    "word": "flooding"
                },
                {
                    "word": "coastal storms"
                },
                {
                    "word": "volcanic eruptions"
                },
                {
                    "word": "human-environmental coupled systems"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-05-01T14:17:04.076732+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-05-01T21:37:36.220956+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-05-01T21:37:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X52N2B",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 1690,
                    "first_name": "Eli",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lazarus",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-2404-9661"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Nature and Society Relations"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical and Environmental Geography"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Lazarus_EMLX_EAX_preprint_300426.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12865/download/22836/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19594008",
                    "label": "Supplementary File"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 11110,
            "title": "Infiltration drives a Heavy–Tailed Distribution of Combined Sewer Overflow Spill Durations",
            "abstract": "<p>Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) discharge untreated wastewater into natural water bodies during periods of excess sewer flow, posing environmental risks. Using ~ 4 million CSO spill events recorded by Event Duration Monitors across England (2020–2024), we characterize the statistical distribution of spill durations. We find that while spills exceeding four hours represent only 6.4 % of events, they account for 78.2 % of total spill time, suggesting a disproportionate environmental impact. Formal likelihood ratio tests indicate that this heavy-tailed distribution is well described by a stretched exponential model with a shape parameter of 0.18, a result that is consistent for data from different Water &amp; Sewerage Companies. The fitted model shows periodic residuals correlated with diurnal fluctuations in domestic water use. Hydraulic modelling reproduces the observed heavy tail only when groundwater infiltration is included, suggesting that long-duration spills are primarily driven by infiltration rather than exceptional precipitation events. We further show that the observed scaling can be approximated by the first passage times of a sewer head time-series modelled as fractional Brownian motion. Given the outsized influence of long-duration spills, we recommend explicitly incorporating tail behavior into hydraulic model calibration. We propose the use of the parameters of the stretched exponential distribution as metrics for this calibration and for assessing CSO performance more widely.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Sewage Pollution"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Heavy tailed distributions"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Stretched Exponential"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Event Duration Monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Combined Sewer Overflows"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-12-11T01:18:15.629000+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-12-11T06:22:37.823000+08:00",
            "date_published": "2025-12-11T06:22:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X57F2T",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 126271,
                    "first_name": "Alex",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lipp",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-2130-8576"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 88887,
                    "first_name": "Barnaby",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Dobson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-0149-4124"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Applied Statistics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydraulic Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Lipp_Dobson_2025.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11110/download/20250/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Lipp_Dobson_2026.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11110/download/21236/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "lipp_dobson_2026.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11110/download/22699/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11296,
            "title": "Land subsidence in Jakarta in Three Dimensions (2014-2025) using InSAR-GNSS Datum Connection and the Strapdown Decomposition",
            "abstract": "<p>Coastal megacities face compounding hazards from rising sea levels and land subsidence. Jakarta, one of the fastest-sinking megacities, already experiences recurrent flooding amplified by rapid land subsidence. Assessing and mitigating this hazard requires reliable estimates of three-dimensional ground motion over wide spatial and temporal scales in a well-defined geodetic reference frame and datum. Here we combine spaceborne InSAR and GNSS measurements to characterize Jakarta’s land deformation. We develop a datum-connection procedure that aligns multi-track InSAR line-of-sight datasets acquired between 2014 and 2025 to a common datum, enabling unbiased three-dimensional velocity decomposition. The resulting displacement field is then connected to the Sunda Plate Fixed Frame using GNSS observations, yielding a three-dimensional characterization of land deformation in a globally consistent reference frame. Our results show that Jakarta’s land motion is dominated by six main subsidence bowls, with vertical subsidence rates of up to −7.7 cm/yr and horizontal rates of up to 1.7 cm/yr, superimposed on slow regional subsidence of approximately −1.1 cm/yr across the metropolitan area. As these results rely on the availability of a single continuous GNSS station, we recommend the installation of dedicated geodetic ground-based infrastructure to ensure sustainable and rigorous long-term monitoring capabilities.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "geodesy"
                },
                {
                    "word": "InSAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Land subsidence"
                },
                {
                    "word": "decomposition"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Earth Observation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "GNSS"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Jakarta"
                },
                {
                    "word": "3D"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Velocity"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-12-29T23:07:56.724000+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-12-30T17:00:53.961000+08:00",
            "date_published": "2025-12-30T17:00:00+08:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.31223/X5R45H",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5R45H",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 127293,
                    "first_name": "Alexandru Mihai",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lapadat",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 127295,
                    "first_name": "Heri",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Andreas",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 21928,
                    "first_name": "Wietske",
                    "middle_name": "S",
                    "last_name": "Brouwer",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 127294,
                    "first_name": "Simon",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "van Diepen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 127296,
                    "first_name": "Dhota",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Pradipta",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 4080,
                    "first_name": "Ramon",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hanssen",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-6067-7561"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "RSE_Jakarta_Subsidence_3D_EarthArXiv_Preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11296/download/20512/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "RSE_Jakarta_Subsidence_3D_v2.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11296/download/22394/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12589,
            "title": "Beyond the 100-kyr and 41-kyr dichotomy: ~76- and ~52-kyr signals and forbidden periodicities in Quaternary glacial cycles",
            "abstract": "<p>While the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT) is often termed a shift from 41-kyr to ∼100-kyr glacial cycles, this binary perspective fails to capture the nuanced spectral evolution of Quaternary climate. Using weighted wavelet spectral analysis of benthic δ<sup>18</sup>O records, we identified previously underappreciated signals—∼52 kyr before 1.2 Ma and ∼76 kyr thereafter—marking the MPT's onset. These timescales primarily correspond to integer multiples (n) of the climatic precession period (T<sub>p</sub>), with modulation by obliquity. We find that when Tp falls within an intermediate range (20.5–22 kyr), high eccentricity triggers deglaciation, precluding cycles of 60–65 kyr and 100–110 kyr. These findings refine the conventional dichotomy of the ‘‘41-kyr and 100-kyr worlds,’’ revealing that the pre-MPT regime—∼41-kyr but including ∼52-kyr cycles—evolved into a post-MPT sequence of quantized <!--StartFragment--><!-- x-tinymce/html -->∼<!--EndFragment-->76, <!--StartFragment--><!-- x-tinymce/html -->∼<!--EndFragment-->95, and ∼120-kyr cycles. Ultimately, our results restore precession-based pacing as a fundamental driver throughout the Quaternary, showing that glacial dynamics are consistently governed by the interplay between precession and obliquity.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Glacial-interglacial cycles"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Milankovitch cycles"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Spectral analysis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Mid-Pleistocene Transition"
                },
                {
                    "word": "orbital forcing"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-12T17:40:22.030090+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-12T21:12:25.171601+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-12T21:12:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5419D",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 22813,
                    "first_name": "Takahito",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mitsui",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-2825-3996"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Mitsui_ice_age_spectrum_with_cover.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12589/download/22420/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Mitsui_ice_age_spectrum_SI_TableS1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12589/download/22421/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Mitsui_ice_age_spectrum_SI_TableS1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12589/download/22422/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Mitsui_ice_age_spectrum_with_cover.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12589/download/22423/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Mitsui_ice_age_spectrum_all_merged.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12589/download/22424/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Mitsui_ice_age_spectrum_all_merged.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12589/download/22473/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Mitsui_ice_age_spectrum_Frontpage_Main_Suipplementary_TableS1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12589/download/22693/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19534114",
                    "label": "Link to Data_S1_formula.xlsx"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 12778,
            "title": "Research on Real-time Detection Method of Rice Diseases and Pests Based on Improved YOLOv10s Model",
            "abstract": "As one of the world's most important food crops, rice's yield and quality are largely threatened by pests and diseases, necessitating a highly accurate, fast-responding, and adaptable intelligent detection method to support pest and disease control and sustainable agricultural development. This paper addresses the problems of low accuracy, poor real-time performance, and sensitivity to occlusion interference in complex field environments with existing methods, proposing a real-time detection method for rice pests and diseases based on an improved YOLOv10s model. First, a high-quality image dataset of 3100 images covering seven typical pests and diseases—rice blast, bacterial leaf blight, sheath blight, leaf spot, rice stem borer, rice borer moth, and rice green bug—was constructed, encompassing various real-world scenarios. A stratified sampling combined with five-fold cross-validation strategy was used for data partitioning to enhance the model's generalization ability. Secondly, to address the limitations of the receptive field and feature modeling in the YOLOv10s model, SAConv and SEAM structures were introduced. The former enhances spatial modeling capabilities through Multi-holes Rate Switchable Convolution Module, while the latter enhances the perception of fine-grained features and occluded targets based on a channel-Spatial joint attention mechanism. Furthermore, the MPDIoU bounding box regression loss function was introduced to optimize target box position prediction from a geometric perspective, significantly improving localization accuracy and training stability. Experimental results show that the improved model achieves an mAP of 93.1% and an inference speed of 176.4 FPS while maintaining a relatively low computational cost (20.3 GFLOPs) and parameter size (7.1 MB), significantly outperforming mainstream detection models such as YOLOv5s, YOLOv8s, and Faster-RCNN. It possesses good engineering deployment potential and field application value, providing an efficient and scalable solution for intelligent identification of agricultural pests and diseases.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Rice diseases and pests"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Target detection"
                },
                {
                    "word": "YOLOv10s"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Atrous convolution"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Attention Mechanism"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Real-time recognition"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-26T05:00:15.587157+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-26T14:39:18.695163+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-26T14:39:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5G184",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 135893,
                    "first_name": "Yongbo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Li",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0009-0006-1091-6540"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135894,
                    "first_name": "Jiaxuan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hao",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 135895,
                    "first_name": "Hong",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Yu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PONE-D-26-19682.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12778/download/22701/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.32049591",
                    "label": "Public data"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 11460,
            "title": "Carboxyl-stabilized Mn redox cycling promotes a metastable kutnahorite-to-dolomite pathway",
            "abstract": "<p>Fine-crystalline, fabric-preserving dolostones in deep-time successions are difficult to reconcile with high-temperature burial models, suggesting the existence of a low-temperature formation pathway capable of overcoming both the kinetic hydration barrier of Mg<sup>2+</sup> and the thermodynamic miscibility gap separating calcite from ordered dolomite. Here, we demonstrate a kinetically favourable route to self-assembling dolomite driven by the synergy of manganese redox cycling and carboxyl functionalization. Using a bio-inspired electrochemical reactor, we show that electrochemical valence-state modulation selectively regulates Mn<sup>2+</sup> co-precipitation with dolomite reactants. Unlike inorganic controls where manganese is rapidly sequestered into non-templating phases, the functionalized system transiently stabilizes reactive Mn(III) intermediates. This sustains redox cycling and prevents irreversible oxide immobilization, which templates the nucleation of spheroidal, metastable magnesian-kutnahorite. Nanostructural characterization reveals a core–shell architecture where this metastable, isostructural precursor serves as a lattice-distorted scaffold, enabling the rapid heteroepitaxial growth of substitutionally disordered manganoan dolomite cortices. Mechanistically, localized acidity from redox cycling triggers a “proton-driven cation pump”, actively releasing Mg<sup>2+</sup> (and Ca<sup>2+</sup>) from the functionalized hydrogel reservoir to the mineralization front. This electrochemical route offers an extrapolable geological framework that links the massive fabric-retentive dolostones of the Precambrian to ancient redox-stratified shallow oceans, while explaining their punctuated scarcity in the Phanerozoic as a consequence of global oxygenation decoupling the manganese redox shuttle from shallow-marine environments.</p>\n<p><!--EndFragment--></p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Dolomite"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Kutnahorite"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Redox Cycling"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Manganese Catalysis"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-01-20T00:20:37.393000+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-01-20T07:25:32.859000+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-01-20T07:25:00+08:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2026.05.034",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5PT8X",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 127786,
                    "first_name": "Daniel",
                    "middle_name": "A.",
                    "last_name": "Petrash",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 2857,
                    "first_name": "Or",
                    "middle_name": "M.",
                    "last_name": "Bialik",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-1915-7297"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 127968,
                    "first_name": "Yihang",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Fang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 127969,
                    "first_name": "Maartje",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hamers",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 127970,
                    "first_name": "Travis",
                    "middle_name": "B.",
                    "last_name": "Meador",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 128039,
                    "first_name": "Tomaso",
                    "middle_name": "R.R.",
                    "last_name": "Bontognali",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 85031,
                    "first_name": "Michael",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Boettcher",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 128040,
                    "first_name": "Oliver",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Plümper",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Planetary Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "EPS_EARXIV.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11460/download/20810/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "MainText_EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11460/download/21100/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "1-s2.0-S0016703726003418-main (1).pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11460/download/23524/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703726003418#s0165",
                    "label": "Supplementary File"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 13351,
            "title": "A Bayesian ground-motion model for volcano-tectonic earthquakes in southwest Iceland",
            "abstract": "Volcano-tectonic earthquakes in Iceland and other volcanic regions produce ground motions that differ systematically from those of ordinary shallow crustal tectonic earthquakes. The recent unrest on the Reykjanes Peninsula has provided an exceptional opportunity to quantify these differences, with multiple intense swarms preceding and accompanying eruptive episodes. Building on Hernández-Aguirre et al. (2023; HR23), we develop an expanded empirical ground-motion model (GMM) for southwest Iceland using strong-motion recordings from 2021–2024. The dataset comprises &gt;270 earthquakes (Mw ≥ 3.5) and &gt;4000 three-component records within Repi ≤ 120 km. We model PGA, PGV and 5%-damped pseudo-spectral acceleration over a broad period range for both horizontal and vertical components. The GMM is formulated as a Bayesian hierarchical mixed-effects regression with event and station random effects and calibrated using integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA). Informative priors and a two-step calibration are used to reduce station–distance confounding under uneven station–distance coverage. The updated model confirms robust volcano-tectonic scaling characterized by elevated near-field amplitudes and rapid attenuation relative to tectonic models. Approximately 20% of records with Mw ≥ 4.2 and Repi ≤ 40 km exhibit a PGA ratio V/H &gt; 1, indicating that vertical seismic demand can be significant in near-source conditions. Compared with HR23, the total standard deviation is reduced, consistent with improved median predictions from added path/depth terms and site classification. The resulting model provides a statistically robust basis for PSHA and scenario-based risk assessment in Icelandic volcanic environments within the calibrated domain.",
            "license": {
                "name": "No Creative Commons license",
                "short_name": "No CC license",
                "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.",
                "url": "https://escholarship.org"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Volcano-tectonic earthquakes"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Ground-motion model"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Bayesian inference"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Reykjanes Peninsula"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-06-04T21:52:04.918570+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-06-04T22:08:50.680405+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-06-04T22:08:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X58F6N",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 130704,
                    "first_name": "Victor",
                    "middle_name": "Moises Hernández",
                    "last_name": "Aguirre",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-6251-271X"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130703,
                    "first_name": "Rajesh",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rupakhety",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Civil Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geotechnical Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Volcanic GMM_Preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/13351/download/23538/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12574,
            "title": "An End-to-End Workflow for Processing Multilingual Stakeholder Workshop Data: A Soil Health Case Study",
            "abstract": "This paper presents an end-to-end workflow for the collection, analysis, and dissemination of multilingual stakeholder workshop data related to soil health. Stakeholder workshops often produce diverse qualitative and ordinal data which is difficult to process consistently and transparently, especially in multilingual settings. The proposed workflow provides clear guidance for collecting, translating, organising, analysing, and reporting data originating from stakeholder workshops. The workflow covers the complete process from data collection, preparation and structured storage to analysis, reporting, and dissemination. It builds upon a range of data analysis methods, including large language models. It is designed to support the analysis of diverse types of data and enables both qualitative exploration and comparison based on derived numerical scores and rankings. We also propose a structured approach based on large language models to topic extraction and topic intensity scoring which allows comparing stakeholder perspectives across workshops and contexts. Finally, a templated reporting process and an interactive online tool support clear and consistent communication of results to stakeholders and other audiences. The proposed workflow is demonstrated in a large European research project involving multiple workshops, stakeholder groups, land-use contexts, and languages. The main contribution of this work is a transparent and adaptable workflow that integrates multilingual data handling, analysis, and reporting into a single framework for stakeholder-based soil health research.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "soil health"
                },
                {
                    "word": "stakeholder workshops"
                },
                {
                    "word": "data analysis workflow"
                },
                {
                    "word": "large language models"
                },
                {
                    "word": "topic extraction"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-11T04:24:24.269184+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-11T12:16:55.479593+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-11T12:16:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5WJ34",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134468,
                    "first_name": "Vid",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Podpečan",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134947,
                    "first_name": "Bojan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Blažica",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134948,
                    "first_name": "Fabio",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Volkmann",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134949,
                    "first_name": "Carmen",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Vazquez Martin",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134950,
                    "first_name": "Rachel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Creamer",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134946,
                    "first_name": "Marko",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Debeljak",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Artificial Intelligence and Robotics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Soil Science"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "An_End_to_End_Workflow_for_Processing_Multilingual_Stakeholder_Workshop_Data.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12574/download/22402/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12577,
            "title": "River Paradigm for Sedentary Mammoth Hunters",
            "abstract": "Simple forensic systems analysis of Upper Paleolithic mammoth procurement, including analysis of foraging radii, taphonomic representation, portability, caloric costs, hunting and transportation energetics, labor economics, socio-economic and personal vulnerability to predators, and material-handling logistics, prove Upper Paleolithic Mammuthus primigenius were not often hunted, scavenged, killed, transported, and butchered on land, nomadic hunting excepted, nor has any comprehensive land-based procurement system yet been shown in archaeological literature regarding significant mammoth bone accumulations. Forensic systems failure analysis results in failure modes at every stage of inchoate land-based acquisition systems associated with significant quantities of mammoth bones.\nUpper Paleolithic mammoths were procured, transported, and butchered in navigable rivers throughout Central and Eastern Europe, as clearly shown in three Mezinian tusk ivory process charts from Mezhyrich, Eliseevichi, and Kyiv-Kirilovskaia, the siting and design of multi-purpose mammoth-bone structures, the weight and mass of mammoth carcasses, and the credibility determination in favor of at least three mammoth hunters providing ivory documents against the theories, speculation, categories, inventions, and inchoate models found in scientific literature. The River Paradigm answers fundamental outstanding questions posed by modern archaeologists.\nThe Kyiv-Kirilovskaia Process Chart was interpreted in detail for the first time, revealing both cold-smoking and fat-rendering operations. Although not absolutely necessary to establish the River Paradigm, river procurement and terrain provide insights and possibilities regarding Paleolithic mammoth hunting and support the workability of the River Paradigm. The common depiction of mammoths attacked on land by anatomically modern mostly male hunters with long spears is wholly inaccurate for the great majority of mammoths killed by humans during the Upper Paleolithic.\nThe River Paradigm represented the earliest known organized and vertically integrated subsistence system to employ water power in a production line ending at a central location. The three tusk ivory process charts are perhaps the earliest pictographic writing outside caves, the first known documents, and arguably represent the literal dawn of history.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Mammoth-bone structures"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Palaeoeconomy"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ivory process charts"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Mezinian Culture"
                },
                {
                    "word": "rivers"
                },
                {
                    "word": "mammoth hunting"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-11T05:00:19.174339+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-11T06:16:38.830550+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-11T06:16:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X58V1W",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134963,
                    "first_name": "John  Dewar",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Gleissner",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-5275-5518"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Studies"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PONE-D-26-17197.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12577/download/22404/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12575,
            "title": "Fractal Tomography and the Fisher Information Barrier of Seismicity: Addressing the Origin of Dual Paradoxes via Precision-Calibrated Bayesian Inference",
            "abstract": "The spatial organization of seismicity presents dual multi-decade paradoxes: (1) earthquake catalogs exhibit quasi-planar correlation dimensions (D2 ≈ 2.0–2.6) despite volumetric lithospheric deformation (geometric projection paradox), and (2) Bayesian inference systematically yields D3 ≈ 3.0 contradicting structural geology (Bayesian saturation paradox). We address both through the Fractal Tomography Framework, establishing a precision-aware explanation of both paradoxes by integrating: (1) precision-calibrated Bayesian analysis of\n50,190 Pan-American earthquakes, (2) high-precision validation with 166,920 Japanese events across three JUICE-relocated sequences (Hi-Net, σ &lt; 0.7 km; ≈ 11× precision improvement), (3) systematic depth-stratified analysis, and (4) global ISC-GEM validation (σh ≈ 10–30 km).\n\nWe identify precision-dependent Bayesian saturation as a fundamental methodological artifact: when location uncertainty exceeds a semi-empirically calibrated threshold σc = 2.3 ± 0.4 km (Fisher Information Barrier), inference spuriously converges to D3 = 3.00. Hi-Net validation breaks this saturation, revealing genuine multi-planar structure with D3 = 2.39–2.95 (three JUICE sequences; all Pboundary = 0.0%). Within the Japan subduction zone, we discover systematic dimensional reduction with depth: shallow megathrust (D2 = 2.41) → intermediate slab (D2 = 2.18) → deep slab (D2 = 1.89), supporting progressive Benioff zone planarization.\n\nThis work demonstrates that rigorous confrontation of methodological limitations transforms apparent weaknesses into fundamental discoveries, establishing precision-calibrated dimensional inference as a new standard for seismic fractal analysis.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Bayesian Saturation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Fractal Dimension"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Depth Stratification"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Benioff zones"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Hi-Net Validation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Precision threshold"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Hedges's g"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Deck-of-Cards model"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Magnitude completeness"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Homogenization"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Dynamical Systems"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Multifractal Analysis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Topological Graph Structure"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-11T04:33:02.709478+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-11T12:25:59.629996+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-11T12:25:00+08:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18480821",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5N192",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 124306,
                    "first_name": "Facundo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Firmenich",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0009-0002-6578-3811"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 126259,
                    "first_name": "Pau",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Firmenich",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 126260,
                    "first_name": "León",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Firmenich",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Applied Statistics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Non-linear Dynamics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Statistics and Probability"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Statistical Methodology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Statistics and Probability"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "_FTFIBS_10042026_.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12575/download/22400/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/FacundoFirmenich/sysmic",
                    "label": "Sysmic v8.0.0 – Reproducible analysis code and data"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18480821",
                    "label": "Sysmic v8.0.0 – Zenodo Archive (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18480821)"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 12578,
            "title": "Unravelling long-term temporal dynamics of the invasive fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis along an altitudinal gradient in Morogoro, Eastern Tanzania",
            "abstract": "Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is the most economically important invasive fruit fly in sub-Saharan Africa, yet long-term empirical evidence linking its seasonal dynamics to environmental drivers across altitudinal gradients remains limited. We analysed 279 site-month observations of male trap catches (flies per trap per day, FTD) collected between October 2004 and February 2012 at six sites spanning 526–1,650 m above sea level along the Uluguru Mountain transect in Morogoro, Tanzania. Climatic variables (temperature, rainfall, relative humidity) were obtained from ERA5 reanalysis, and host fruit phenology was characterised for key commercial species. Abundance declined sharply with altitude, with mean FTD decreasing from 87.1 at the lowland site (SUA, 526 m) to 0.07 at the highest site (Nyandira, 1,650 m), where 55% of months recorded zero catches. Seasonal peaks occurred during the warm–wet period (November–April), but both their magnitude and duration declined with altitude, with the high season shortening from seven months at SUA to three months at Nyandira. Seasonal patterns also became less predictable at higher elevations, with the coefficient of variation of peak abundance increasing from 0.54 to 1.38. Relative humidity showed the strongest association with FTD (Spearman ρ = 0.202, p = 0.0007), while temperature showed no significant overall relationship. Host fruit availability further shaped population dynamics, with ripening of jew plum, mango, and soursop associated with increased abundance, whereas citrus and loquat had minimal influence. Overall, B. dorsalis abundance along the gradient is primarily structured by altitude and host availability, with climate acting as a secondary, context-dependent influence. These findings provide a clearer ecological basis for predicting pest pressure and improving management strategies across heterogeneous landscapes in East Africa.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Bactrocera dorsalis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "altitudinal gradient"
                },
                {
                    "word": "seasonal dynamics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "host phenology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "population abundance"
                },
                {
                    "word": "relative humidity"
                },
                {
                    "word": "climatic drivers"
                },
                {
                    "word": "tropical agroecosystems"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-11T05:00:19.657690+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-11T06:18:27.775925+08:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-11T06:18:00+08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X51B6F",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134964,
                    "first_name": "Maulid  Walad",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mwatawala",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-2952-1200"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134965,
                    "first_name": "Joseph  Oswald",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ruboha",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0009-0003-7101-459X"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134966,
                    "first_name": "Jackline",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bakengesa",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134967,
                    "first_name": "Mwajuma  Kassim",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zinga",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134968,
                    "first_name": "Marc",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "De Meyer",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Agriculture"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PONE-D-26-17315.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12578/download/22405/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        }
    ]
}