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{ "count": 6787, "next": "https://eartharxiv.org/api/preprints/?format=api&limit=100&offset=900", "previous": "https://eartharxiv.org/api/preprints/?format=api&limit=100&offset=700", "results": [ { "pk": 776, "title": "Considering fault interaction in estimates of absolute stress along faults in the San Gorgonio Pass region, southern California", "abstract": "Present-day shear tractions along faults of the San Gorgonio Pass region can be estimated from stressing rates provided by three-dimensional forward crustal deformation models. Modeled dextral shear stressing rates on the San Andreas and San Jacinto faults differ from rates resolved from the regional loading due to fault interaction. In particular, fault patches with similar orientations and depths on the two faults show different stressing rates. We estimate the present-day, evolved fault tractions along faults of the San Gorgonio Pass region using the time since last earthquake, fault stressing rates (which account for fault interaction), and co-seismic models of the impact of recent nearby earthquakes. The evolved tractions differ significantly from the resolved regional tractions, with the largest dextral traction located within the restraining bend comprising the pass, which has not had recent earthquakes, rather than outside of the bend, which is more preferentially oriented under tectonic loading. Evolved fault tractions can provide more accurate initial conditions for dynamic rupture models within regions of complex fault geometry, such as the San Gorgonio Pass region. An analysis of the time needed to accumulate shear tractions that exceed typical earthquake stress drops shows that present-day tractions already exceed 3 MPa along portions of the Banning, Garnet Hill, and Mission Creek strands of the San Andreas fault. This result highlights areas that may be near failure if accumulated tractions equivalent to typical earthquake stress drops precipitate failure.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "3D numerical models" }, { "word": "southern California active tectonics" }, { "word": "stress on faults" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-22T20:26:12Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-23T07:25:00Z", "date_published": "2019-07-23T07:25:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/pa78r", "authors": [ { "pk": 5590, "first_name": "Jennifer", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Beyer", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 16874, "first_name": "Michele", "middle_name": "Lynn", "last_name": "Cooke", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 988, "first_name": "Aviel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Stern", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 989, "first_name": "roby", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "douilly", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9825, "first_name": "david", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "oglesby", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Hatch_absolute stress.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/776/download/1718/" }, { "original_filename": "Hatch_absolute stress.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/776/download/1719/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 777, "title": "Investigating the role of faults in fluid migration and gas hydrate formation along the southern Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand", "abstract": "The Hikurangi Margin off the east coast of the North Island (Te Ika-a-Māui) is a tectonically active subduction zone and the location of New Zealand’s largest gas hydrate province. Faults are internally complex volumetric zones that may play a significant role in the migration of fluids beneath the seafloor. The combined processes of deformation and fluid migration result in the formation of concentrated hydrate accumulations along accretionary ridges. It is not fully understood to what extent faults control fluid migration along the Hikurangi Margin, and whether deep-seated thrust faults provide a pathway for thermogenic gas to migrate up from sources at depth. Using 2D models based on seismic data from the region we investigated the role of thrust faults in facilitating fluid migration and contributing to the formation of concentrated gas hydrates. By altering permeability properties of the fault zones in these transient state models we can determine whether faults are required to act as fluid flow pathways. In this study we focus on two study sites offshore southern Wairarapa, using realistic yet simplified fault geometries derived from 2D seismic lines. The results of these models allow us to start to disentangle the complex relationship between fault zone structure, permeability, geometry, fluid migration and gas hydrate formation. Based on the model outputs we propose that faults act as primary pathways facilitating fluid migration and are critical in the formation of concentrated gas hydrate deposits.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "marine" }, { "word": "seismic" }, { "word": "modelling" }, { "word": "New Zealand" }, { "word": "fluid migration" }, { "word": "gas hydrate" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-22T02:05:51Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-22T14:36:48Z", "date_published": "2019-07-22T14:36:48Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11001-020-09400-2", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/baj4x", "authors": [ { "pk": 3828, "first_name": "Jess", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hillman", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-3798-0597" }, { "pk": 6691, "first_name": "Gareth", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Crutchley", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7931, "first_name": "Karsten", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kroeger", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Hillman et al._revised.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/777/download/1720/" }, { "original_filename": "Hillman et al._FINAL.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/777/download/1721/" }, { "original_filename": "Hillman et al._FINAL.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/777/download/1722/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 778, "title": "Base-Salt Relief Controls Salt-Related Deformation in the Outer Kwanza Basin, offshore Angola", "abstract": "We use a 3D seismic dataset from Offshore Angola to document the salt-influenced translation and evolution of structures on the margin.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. 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These can be grouped into three main categories according to their geochemical characteristics: A low-TiO2 sill category (TiO2 = 0.7-0.9), a relatively high-TiO2 sill category (TiO2 = 1.95-2.6) and an intermediate-TiO2 sill that displays major element compositions laying between the other two categories. Mantle normalised plots for the high-TiO2 and low-TiO2 sills display relatively uniform flat LREE trends, with (Ce/Sm)N ratios ranging from 1.11 to 1.27. Mantle normalised HREE trends representing the low-TiO2 sills show relatively low (Sm/Yb)N ratios ranging from 1.09 to 1.26, as compared to ratios of 1.59 to 2.38 for the high-TiO2 sills. The intermediate-TiO2 Morskranes Sill is LREE depleted with an average (Ce/Sm)N ratio of ~0.6, but displays a flat HREE trend with an average (Sm/Yb)N ratio of ~1.\nMantle normalised trace elements of the low-TiO2 sill samples define positive Eu and Sr anomalies, whereas trace elements representing high-TiO2 sill samples display negative anomalies, thus probably indicating the involvement of plagioclase at some stage(s) during magma genesis. Different Nb and Ta anomalies (positive versus negative) in many high-TiO2 versus low-TiO2 sill samples indicate that their respective mantle sources were affected by metasomatism prior to partial melting. Two main isotope discriminators can be detected amongst the actual sill samples: The intermediate-TiO2 sill displays noticeably lower 87Sr/86Sr, 206Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb ratios relative to both the high-TiO2 and the low-TiO2 sill samples. Pb isotope compositions displayed by local contaminated basaltic lavas imply that some of these assimilated distinct crustal material from E Greenland or basement from NW Britain, while others probably assimilated only distinct E Greenland type of crustal material. However, a third distinct crustal source of E Greenland or Rockall-type basement may be required in order to explain the range in compositions of some lead isotopes of the intermediate-TiO2 Morskranes Sill, unless these were caused by hitherto undetected isotopic heterogeneities in the mantle.\nGeochemical modelling indicates that primary melts, which subsequently evolved to Faroese high-TiO2 sills, could have formed by a range of ~4 to 7.5 % batch melting of moderately fertile lherzolitic sourches, while a range of 16 to 21 % batch melting of likewise fertile sources seems to be required in order to produce Faroese low-TiO2 sills. The moderately fertile source inferred for Faroese low-TiO2 sill samples in particular are at odds with the depleted sources envisaged for their low-TiO2 basaltic host-rocks. Primary melts that gave rise to the intermediate-TiO2 sill samples could have formed by a range of 6 to 7 % batch melting of a depleted mantle source, probably with a composition comparable to sources that gave rise to local low-TiO2 and intermediate-TiO2 host-rocks. \nThe modelling points to garnet-free residues during mantle melting in order to produce the primary melts that subsequently evolved to most of the Faroese sills. These are envisaged to have formed by batch melting of mantle materials comparable in composition to materials reported for the sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) at depths of 85 km. Their relative enrichments in LREE (and LILE in general), as well as their varying Nb and Ta anomalies, may well point to sources affected by metasomatism. These could have been caused by earlier Cenozoic local basaltic magmatism or by earlier events linked to the complex geologic history of the N Atlantic area.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. 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However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Geology" }, { "word": "geochemistry" }, { "word": "North Atlantic" }, { "word": "Partial melting" }, { "word": "basaltic rocks" }, { "word": "crustal contamination" }, { "word": "Faroe Islands" }, { "word": "fractional crystallisation" }, { "word": "isotope geology" }, { "word": "mineral accumulation" }, { "word": "NAIP" }, { "word": "sill intrusion" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-20T15:05:27Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-20T16:39:08Z", "date_published": "2019-07-20T16:39:08Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/vy6k2", "authors": [ { "pk": 3608, "first_name": "Jogvan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hansen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6717, "first_name": "Dougal", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jerram", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7958, "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ottley", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9043, "first_name": "Mike", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Widdowson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Hansen et al. (July 2019) Text with references and captions (online version,own copy)..pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/779/download/1724/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 780, "title": "What is Trishear?", "abstract": "The kinematics of fault-propagation folds, formed above the tips of upward propagating normal faults, is typically inferred from numerical and physical models. Trishear is a forward kinematic model in which deformation occurs in a triangular zone in front of the propagating fault tip, with the geometry of this zone, and the geometry and growth of the resulting fold, related to several parameters (e.g. fault dip, trishear angle, trishear symmetry, concentration factor, cover thickness). Trishear is powerful as it can model fold growth through time, allowing us to assess how natural structures identified in the field or in seismic reflection data evolved. However, the geological significance of trishear is poorly understood, and the effects of trishear parameters on the overall fold geometry and the stratigraphic architecture of synkinematic deposits remain poorly constrained. In this study we vary trishear parameters independently to demonstrate how they control the temporal variability in fold geometry and size, and how this is recorded in the architecture of synkinematic strata. We show that the propagation-to-slip ratio (the ratio between upper tip propagation into the cover and slip increment at the fault centre) is the most important factor in fold growth. When this ratio is relatively low, other parameters, such as the trishear angle and symmetry, concentration factor, more strongly control fold shape and size, with fault dip arguably and perhaps surprisingly being the least important. When this ratio is relatively high, the cover is breached rapidly, leaving little time for folding. Our analysis predicts that fault-propagation folds widen rapidly and establish their near-final width early during fold growth, whereas fold amplitude develops gradually with fault slip. Fold shape therefore significantly changes throughout fold growth. During early fold growth, folds are wide with initially small amplitudes but gradually amplify as folding progresses so that amplitudes and widths become increasingly similar towards the later stages of growth folding, folds have similar widths but have large amplitudes. We also speculate on the geological significance of the propagation-to-slip ratio, trishear angle, concentration factor and trishear symmetry, and under what scenarios these parameters may correspond to in extensional basins. Our results have implications for understanding the geometry and growth of extensional fault-propagation folds, and for estimating the best-fit parameters (and related geological controls) for natural examples.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Fault kinematics" }, { "word": "fault-propagation folding" }, { "word": "normal fault" }, { "word": "normal faulting" }, { "word": "fault-related folding" }, { "word": "fault-tip folding" }, { "word": "fold kinematics" }, { "word": "kinematic modelling" }, { "word": "trishear" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-19T09:58:52Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-20T18:38:38Z", "date_published": "2019-07-20T18:38:38Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/uzhkr", "authors": [ { "pk": 991, "first_name": "Alexander", "middle_name": "James", "last_name": "Coleman", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5839, "first_name": "Oliver", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Duffy", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1573, "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "Aiden-Lee", "last_name": "Jackson", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8592-9032" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Coleman et al. - what is trishear.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/780/download/1725/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 781, "title": "Interaction of Sea-Level Pulses with Periodically Retreating Barrier Islands", "abstract": "Barrier deposits preserved on continental shelf seabeds provide a record of the paleocoastal environment from the last glacial maximum through the Holocene. The formation of these offshore deposits is often attributed to intermittent periods of rapidly rising sea levels, especially glacial meltwater pulses, which are expected to lead to partial or complete drowning—overstepping—of migrating barrier islands. However, recent cross-shore modeling and field evidence suggests that even for constant sea-level rise and shelf slope, the internal dynamics of migrating barriers could plausibly drive periodic retreat accompanied by autogenic partial overstepping and deposition of barrier sediment. We hypothesize that the interaction of periodic retreat with changes in external (allogenic) forcing from sea-level rise may create novel retreat responses and corresponding relict barrier deposits. Specifically, we posit that autogenic deposits can be amplified by an increased rate of sea-level rise, while in other cases internal dynamics can disrupt or mask the production of allogenic deposits. Here, we model barriers through a range of autogenic-allogenic interactions, exploring how barriers with different inherent autogenic periods respond to discrete, centennial-scale sea-level-rise pulses of variable magnitude and timing within the autogenic transgressive barrier cycle. Our results demonstrate a diversity of depositional signals, where production of relict sands is amplified or suppressed depending on both the barrier’s internal dynamic state and the pulse magnitude. We also show that millennial-scale autogenic periodicity renders barriers vulnerable to complete drowning for relatively low pulse rates of rise (< 15 mm/yr).", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "modeling" }, { "word": "Sea level" }, { "word": "Holocene" }, { "word": "allogenic" }, { "word": "autogenic" }, { "word": "barrier island" }, { "word": "meltwater pulse" }, { "word": "overstepping" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-18T19:37:55Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-18T20:12:27Z", "date_published": "2019-07-18T20:12:27Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/z4ahp", "authors": [ { "pk": 992, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ciarletta", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 14239, "first_name": "Jorge", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lorenzo-Trueba", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-7082-7762" }, { "pk": 5948, "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "D.", "last_name": "Ashton", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Ciarletta_Manuscript_Pre-Print.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/781/download/1726/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 782, "title": "Tornado damage ratings estimated with cumulative logistic regression", "abstract": "Empirical studies have led to improvements in evaluating and quantifying the tornado threat. However more work is needed to put the research onto a solid statistical foundation. Here the authors begin to build this foundation by introducing and then demonstrating a statistical model to estimate damage rating probabilities. A goal is to alert researchers to available statistical technology for improving severe weather warnings. The model is cumulative logistic regression and the parameters are determined using Bayesian inference. The model is demonstrated by estimating damage rating probabilities from values of known environmental factors on days with many tornadoes in the United States. Controlling for distance-to-nearest town/city, which serves as a proxy variable for damage target density, the model quantifies the chance that a particular tornado will be assigned any damage rating given specific environmental conditions. Under otherwise average conditions the model estimates a 65% chance that a tornado occurring in a city or town will be rated EF0 when bulk shear is weak (10 m/s). This probability drops to 38% when the bulk shear is strong (40 m/s). The model quantifies the corresponding increases in the chance of the same tornado receiving higher damage ratings. Quantifying changes to the probability distribution on the ordered damage rating categories is a natural application of cumulative logistic regression.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. 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We also discussed the failure of early warning systems, steps, methods and technologies, in general, to improve the early warning systems in the future to mitigate the loss of lives and property during these impending disasters. This article is timely as Indonesia has seen one of the worst tsunamis in recent years and the threat is still on. Hence, we stress the importance of improving and strengthening the existing early warning systems.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "tsunami" }, { "word": "Indonesia" }, { "word": "Disaster risk" }, { "word": "Early warning systems" }, { "word": "INCOIS" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-18T15:39:35Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-22T00:37:51Z", "date_published": "2019-07-22T00:37:51Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/hxbwp", "authors": [ { "pk": 994, "first_name": "Venugopal", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Thandlam", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6773, "first_name": "Anna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rutgersson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8012, "first_name": "Hasibur", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rahman", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Early Warning Systems1.3.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/783/download/1729/" }, { "original_filename": "Early Warning Systems1.3.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/783/download/1730/" }, { "original_filename": "Early Warning Systems1.3.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/783/download/1731/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 784, "title": "Evolution of a shear zone before, during and after melting", "abstract": "Partial melt in the deforming mid/lower continental crust causes a strength decrease and drives formation of lithological heterogeneities. However, mechanisms of formation of syn-melt deformation zones and strain partitioning in partially molten rock remain poorly understood. We use field and microstructural observations to unravel the evolution of a partial melt shear zone, Seiland Igneous Province, Northern Norway. The Øksfjord shear zone (ØSZ) is one of several paragneiss shear zones present within gabbros of the Seiland Igneous Province, formed by syn-intrusive deep crustal shearing during lithospheric extension relating to continental rifting. Microstructures from the ØSZ show evidence for different deformation conditions. The first phase was active pre-melt and involved deformation at high subsolidus temperatures. This was followed by syn-melt deformation of the shear zone causing a relative strength increase towards the shear zone centre upon crystallisation. The third phase nucleated two parallel shear zones at the edges of the ØSZ, melt textures are absent and microstructures indicate deformation at lower temperatures and higher stresses. In effect, melt migration towards the shear zone centre ultimately led to strengthening of the shear zone core, with post-crystallisation deformation focusing along shear zone margins where significant heterogeneities are present.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "deformation" }, { "word": "migmatite" }, { "word": "partial melt" }, { "word": "quartz" }, { "word": "Shear zone" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-18T07:41:38Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-18T09:32:44Z", "date_published": "2019-07-18T09:32:44Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2019-114", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ayxj8", "authors": [ { "pk": 4838, "first_name": "Amicia", "middle_name": "L", "last_name": "Lee", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0003-0067-9183" }, { "pk": 6793, "first_name": "Geoffrey", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lloyd", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8026, "first_name": "Taija", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Torvela", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4288, "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Walker", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0003-3121-3255" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "SIP_accepted_arxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/784/download/1732/" }, { "original_filename": "SIParxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/784/download/1733/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/gxstq", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 785, "title": "Can barrier islands survive sea-level rise? Quantifying the relative role of tidal deltas and overwash deposition", "abstract": "Accepted open-access publication available at: https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085524 \nBarrier island response to sea-level rise depends on their ability to transgress and move sediment onto and behind the barrier, either through flood-tidal delta deposition, or via overwash. Our understanding of these processes over decadal or longer timescales, however, is limited. Here we use a recently developed barrier island model (BRIE) to better understand the interplay between tidal dynamics, overwash fluxes, and sea-level rise on barrier coasts and barrier island stratigraphy. Model results suggest that in micro-tidal environments with large alongshore sediment transport fluxes, tidal inlets are ephemeral and migrate rapidly. These conditions lead to effective deposition of flood-tidal deltas and allow inlets to constitute most of the landward sediment flux. Whether barrier islands can survive sea-level rise depends on the combined landward sediment flux from overwash and flood-tidal delta deposition, likely making barrier islands with artificially stabilized inlets (via jetty construction or maintenance dredging) more vulnerable to sea-level rise.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. 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See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Sea-level rise" }, { "word": "model" }, { "word": "barrier island" }, { "word": "BRIE" }, { "word": "flood-tidal delta" }, { "word": "inlet migration" }, { "word": "overwash" }, { "word": "storm" }, { "word": "tidal inlet" }, { "word": "transgression" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-17T11:02:09Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-18T09:58:13Z", "date_published": "2019-07-18T09:58:13Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085524", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/dctwb", "authors": [ { "pk": 2541, "first_name": "Jaap H.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nienhuis", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 14239, "first_name": "Jorge", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lorenzo-Trueba", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-7082-7762" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Civil Engineering" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Oceanography" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sedimentology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Nienhuis_Brie_paper_GRL4.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/785/download/1734/" }, { "original_filename": "Nienhuis_Brie_paper_GRL4.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/785/download/1735/" }, { "original_filename": "Nienhuis_Brie_paper_GRL4.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/785/download/1736/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/u4tcf", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 786, "title": "The contribution of submesoscale over mesoscale eddy iron transport in the open Southern Ocean", "abstract": "In order to examine the roles of ocean dynamics in supplying iron, the limiting nutrient in the open Southern Ocean, to the surface where it can be effectively utilized for photosynthesis, we run a flat-bottom zonally re-entrant channel model configured to represent the Antarctic Circumpolar Current region and couple it to a full biogeochemical model. The model was forced with monthly varying physical and biogeochemical boundary conditions to incorporate seasonality. Much focus on previous studies on iron pathways in the open ocean region has been on mixed-layer entrainment and diapycnal fluxes of iron. The Southern Ocean, however, is a region with strong meso- and submeso-scale turbulence and we would expect eddy fluxes to transport tracers including iron. Spatial resolution is, therefore, chosen as the parameter to control the effect of eddy transport. We utilize cross spectral analysis and the generalized Omega equation to temporally and spatially decompose the vertical transport attributable to meso- and submeso-scale motions. Our results suggest that the mesoscale vertical fluxes provide a first-order pathway for transporting iron across the mixing-layer base where diapycnal mixing is weak and must be included in modelling the open-Southern-Ocean iron budget.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "ocean modelling" }, { "word": "MITgcm" }, { "word": "Submesoscale" }, { "word": "Southern Ocean" }, { "word": "iron" }, { "word": "mesoscale" }, { "word": "biogeochemical modelling" }, { "word": "eddy flux" }, { "word": "Omega equation" }, { "word": "spectral analysis" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-17T04:01:45Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-18T16:04:27Z", "date_published": "2019-07-18T16:04:27Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001805", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/xwb75", "authors": [ { "pk": 5195, "first_name": "Такая", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Учида", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-8654-6009" }, { "pk": 3644, "first_name": "Dhruv", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Balwada", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-6632-0187" }, { "pk": 5205, "first_name": "Ryan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Abernathey", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5999-4917" }, { "pk": 8679, "first_name": "Galen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "McKinley", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9914, "first_name": "Shafer", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Smith", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10260, "first_name": "Marina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Levy", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Oceanography" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "JAMES_draft.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/786/download/1737/" }, { "original_filename": "JAMES_draft.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/786/download/1738/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 787, "title": "Southern Ocean Phytoplankton Blooms Observed by Biogeochemical Floats", "abstract": "The spring bloom in the Southern Ocean is the rapid-growth phase of the seasonal cycle in phytoplankton. Many previous studies have characterized the spring bloom using chlorophyll estimates from satellite ocean color observations. Assumptions regarding the chlorophyll-to-carbon ratio within phytoplankton and vertical structure of biogeochemical variables lead to uncertainty in satellite-based estimates of phytoplankton carbon biomass. Here, we revisit the characterizations of the bloom using optical backscatter from biogeochemical floats deployed by the Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modelling (SOCCOM) and Southern Ocean and Climate Field Studies with Innovative Tools (SOCLIM) projects. In particular, by providing a three-dimensional view of the seasonal cycle, we are able to identify basin-wide bloom characteristics corresponding to physical features; biomass is low in Ekman downwelling regions north of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) region, and high within and south of the ACC.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Southern Ocean" }, { "word": "primary production" }, { "word": "Argo" }, { "word": "phytoplankton" }, { "word": "spring bloom" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-16T16:43:56Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-16T19:36:34Z", "date_published": "2019-07-16T19:36:34Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015355", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/bmex8", "authors": [ { "pk": 5195, "first_name": "Такая", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Учида", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-8654-6009" }, { "pk": 3644, "first_name": "Dhruv", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Balwada", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-6632-0187" }, { "pk": 5205, "first_name": "Ryan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Abernathey", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5999-4917" }, { "pk": 9145, "first_name": "Channing", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Prend", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9938, "first_name": "Emmanuel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Boss", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10499, "first_name": "Sarah", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gille", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Oceanography" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Other Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "COMLIM_JGRdraft.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/787/download/1739/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 788, "title": "Terrane boundary reactivation, barriers to lateral fault propagation and reactivated fabrics - Rifting across the Median Batholith Zone, Great South Basin, New Zealand", "abstract": "Prominent structural heterogeneities within the lithosphere may localise or partition strain and deformation during tectonic events. The NE-trending Great South Basin, offshore New Zealand, formed perpendicular to a series of underlying crustal terranes, including the dominantly granitic Median Batholith Zone, which along with boundaries between individual terranes, exert a strong control on rift physiography and kinematics. We find that the crustal-to-lithospheric scale southern terrane boundary of the Median Batholith Zone is associated with a crustal-scale shear zone that was reactivated during Late Cretaceous extension between Zealandia and Australia. This reactivated terrane boundary is oriented at a high-angle to the faults defining the Great South Basin. We identify a large granitic laccolith along the southern margin of the Median Batholith, expressed as sub-horizontal packages of reflectivity and acoustically transparent areas on seismic reflection data. The presence of this strong granitic body inhibits the lateral propagation of NE-trending faults, which segment into a series of splays that align along the margin as they approach. Further, we also identify two prominent E-W and NE-SW oriented fabrics within the basin, which are exploited by small-scale faults across the basin. \nWe show how different mechanisms of structural inheritance are able to operate simultaneously, and somewhat independently, within rift systems at different scales of observation. The presence of structural heterogeneities across all scales need to be incorporated into our understanding of the structural evolution of complex rift systems.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Structural inheritance" }, { "word": "rifting" }, { "word": "extension" }, { "word": "Great South Basin" }, { "word": "New Zealand" }, { "word": "Fault" }, { "word": "Rift" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-16T09:02:46Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-16T19:37:03Z", "date_published": "2019-07-16T19:37:03Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019TC005772", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/g4n2e", "authors": [ { "pk": 4326, "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "Brian", "last_name": "Phillips", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6300, "first_name": "Ken", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "McCaffrey", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Crustal Terrane boundary reactivation_15-7-converted.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/788/download/1740/" }, { "original_filename": "Crustal Terrane boundary reactivation_15-7-converted.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/788/download/1741/" }, { "original_filename": "Crustal Terrane boundary reactivation_15-7-converted.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/788/download/1742/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 789, "title": "Pan-European groundwater to atmosphere terrestrial systems climatology from a physically consistent simulation", "abstract": "Applying the Terrestrial Systems Modeling Platform, TSMP, this study provides the first simulated long-term (1996-2018), high-resolution (~12.5km) terrestrial system climatology over Europe, which comprises variables from groundwater across the land surface to the top of the atmosphere (G2A). The data set offers an unprecedented opportunity to test hypotheses related to short- and long-range feedback processes in space and time between the different interacting compartments of the terrestrial system. The physical consistency of simulated states and fluxes in the terrestrial system constitutes the uniqueness of the data set: while most regional climate models (RCMs) have a tendency to simplify the soil moisture and groundwater representation, TSMP explicitly simulates the full 3D soil- and groundwater dynamics, closing the terrestrial water cycle from G2A. Anthopogenic impacts are excluded, the dataset may serve therefore as a near-natural reference for global change simulations including human water use and climate change. 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In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "hydrology" }, { "word": "groundwater" }, { "word": "COSMO" }, { "word": "Earth System Model" }, { "word": "ParFlow" }, { "word": "TSMP" }, { "word": "EURO-CORDEX" }, { "word": "Water Table Depth" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-15T18:33:45Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-18T05:05:40Z", "date_published": "2019-07-18T05:05:40Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0328-7", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/8vhg5", "authors": [ { "pk": 978, "first_name": "Carina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Furusho", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6871, "first_name": "Klaus", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Goergen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 977, "first_name": "Carl", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hartick", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9167, "first_name": "Ketan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kulkarni", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9960, "first_name": "Jessica", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Keune", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 979, "first_name": "Stefan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kollet", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "20190513_scidata-descriptor-CFurusho-submission.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/789/download/1743/" }, { "original_filename": "20190513_scidata-descriptor-CFurusho-submission.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/789/download/1744/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 790, "title": "Global coastal wetland expansion under accelerated sea-level rise is unlikely", "abstract": "Schuerch et al. (2018) [1] deserve credit for compiling a wide range of disparate, global datasets that will be instrumental in predicting future coastal wetland change. However, we challenge their projections that range from modest losses to substantial gains worldwide by the end of this century. Their modeling does not adequately capture the role of sediment supply which must be treated volumetrically, with profound implications for their projections. We anticipate that an appropriate modification will result in substantially different projections, with rates of coastal wetland loss that generally increase as a function of relative sea-level rise (RSLR), regardless of the human adaptation scenario. This is also in line with the findings from a precursor study [2] by a subset of the Schuerch et al. group.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Sea-level rise" }, { "word": "Coastal wetlands" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-15T12:19:05Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-16T19:41:30Z", "date_published": "2019-07-16T19:41:30Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/d2nhs", "authors": [ { "pk": 996, "first_name": "Torbjorn", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tornqvist", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6908, "first_name": "Donald", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cahoon", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8148, "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Day", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9976, "first_name": "James", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Morris", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sustainability" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Tornqvist et al._July15-2019.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/790/download/1745/" }, { "original_filename": "Tornqvist et al._July15-2019.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/790/download/1746/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 793, "title": "Evaluating precipitation datasets for large-scale distributed hydrological modelling", "abstract": "Over the past decades, a variety of valuable research studies has helped to advance our understanding of the advantages and limitations of satellite derived precipitation datasets as a forcing to hydrological models, in combination with or as an alternative to gauge data. \nHowever, most studies have assessed the performance of only one single dataset (or a few), have used global precipitation datasets to force lumped models on regional/large-scale basins or have tested more complex distributed models only at small-scale basins. In addition, only few studies have re-calibrated the model for each precipitation dataset or have investigated reanalysis-based precipitation datasets. \nWe aimed at addressing these gaps in the literature: in particular, we compared the performance of 18 different precipitation datasets when used as main forcing in a grid-based distributed hydrological model to assess streamflow in medium to large-scale river basins. These datasets are classified as Uncorrected Satellites (Class 1), Corrected Satellites (Class 2) and Reanalysis - Gauges based datasets (Class 3). To provide a broad-based analysis, 8 large-scale river basins (Amazon, Brahmaputra, Congo, Danube, Godavari, Mississippi, Rhine and Volga) having different sizes, hydrometeorological characteristics, and human influence were selected. The distributed hydrological model was recalibrated for each precipitation dataset individually.\nWe found that there is not a unique best performing precipitation dataset for all basins and that results are very sensitive to the basin characteristics. However, a few datasets persistently outperform the others: SM2RAIN-ASCAT for Class 1, CHIRPS V2.0, MSWEP V2.1, and CMORPH-CRTV1.0 for Class 2, GPCC and WFEDEI GPCC for Class 3. Surprisingly, precipitation datasets showing the highest model accuracy at basin outlets do not show the same high performance in internal locations, supporting the use of distributed modelling approach rather than lumped.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "remote sensing" }, { "word": "Distributed hydrological modelling" }, { "word": "Largescale hydrology" }, { "word": "Precipitation datasets" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-13T13:06:49Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-18T09:26:53Z", "date_published": "2019-07-18T09:26:53Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/v2r7c", "authors": [ { "pk": 998, "first_name": "Maurizio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mazzoleni", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6998, "first_name": "Luigia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Brandimarte", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 999, "first_name": "Alessandro", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Amaranto", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Mazzoleni-etal_2019_PrePrint_JoH.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/793/download/1752/" }, { "original_filename": "Mazzoleni-etal_2019_PrePrint_JoH.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/793/download/1753/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 794, "title": "Internal mouth bar variability and preservation of interflood beds in low-accommodation proximal deltaic settings (Cretaceous Dakota Group, New Mexico, USA)", "abstract": "Mouth bars are the fundamental architectural elements of proximal deltaic successions. Understanding their internal architecture and deciphering the relative impact and complex interaction of coastal processes (fluvial-, tide- and wave-dominated) is paramount to the interpretation of ancient deltaic successions. This is particularly challenging in low-accommodation systems, because they are commonly characterized by thin, condensed and top-truncated sections. In this study, we analyze the exhumed Cenomanian Mesa Rica Sandstone (Dakota Group, Western Interior Seaway, USA), which encompasses a fluvio-deltaic system covering a ~450 km profile oriented parallel to depositional-dip direction. The study targets the proximal deltaic expression of the system, with 22 sedimentary logs (total of 390 m) spatially correlated within a ~25 km2 study area at the rim of the Tucumcari Basin. Analysis of facies distributions, depositional architecture and spatial extent of stratigraphic surfaces reveals a 6–10-m-thick, sharp-based and sand-prone deltaic package, comprising several laterally-extensive (>800 m width) mouth bars. Composite erosional surfaces infilled with multi-story fluvial and marine-influenced channel deposits (12–20 m thick, 100–250 m wide) scour locally into the deltaic package. Based on differences in sedimentary structures, bed thicknesses, occurrence of interflood beds and bioturbation indexes, we distinguish four different subenvironments within single mouth bars. These range from mouth bar axis, off-axis, fringe to distal fringe deposits, and each reflect differences in hydraulic conditions as moving away from the main active feeding channel. The interpreted mouth bar components also show intra-mouth-bar variability in dominant process regime, with overall river dominance but local preservation of tide influence in the fringe and distal fringe components. Mouth bar deposits amalgamate to form an extensive sand-rich sheet body throughout the study area, in which interflood mudstone to very-fine grained sandstone beds are nearly absent. These features are interpreted to reflect successive coalescence of mouth bars in a low accommodation / supply (A/S) setting. These conditions promoted channel avulsion/bifurcation and thus the potential reworking of previously deposited mouth bar fringe and distal fringe sediments, where tide influence tends to be better recorded. Results of this study evidence a common mixed nature and internal process-regime variability within mouth bar components. They also caution against the possible loss of preservation of subordinate processes (e.g. tidal indicators), and consequent underestimation of the true mixed influence in low-accommodation deltaic settings.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.\r\n\r\n3) Grant of Source Code License. The term \"Source Code\" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the Original Work.\r\n\r\n4) Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any other intellectual property. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in Section 2. No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.\r\n\r\n5) External Deployment. The term \"External Deployment\" means the use, distribution, or communication of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).\r\n\r\n6) Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Delta" }, { "word": "preservation" }, { "word": "Dakota Group" }, { "word": "interflood beds" }, { "word": "low accommodation" }, { "word": "mouth bar" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-11T10:55:00Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-31T13:48:30Z", "date_published": "2019-07-31T13:48:30Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/457hg", "authors": [ { "pk": 3687, "first_name": "Anna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "van Yperen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1738, "first_name": "Miquel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Poyatos-Moré", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-7813-8868" }, { "pk": 8257, "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Holbrook", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10455, "first_name": "Ivar", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Midtkandal", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sedimentology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Van Yperen et al_Internal mouth bar variability Dakota Group_DepositionalRecord.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/794/download/1754/" }, { "original_filename": "Van Yperen et al_Internal mouth bar variability Dakota Group_DepositionalRecord.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/794/download/1755/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 795, "title": "Influence of fault roughness on surface displacement: from numerical simulations to coseismic slip distributions", "abstract": "Field studies characterized early on natural faults as rough, i.e. non-planar at all scales. Fault roughness induces local stress perturbations, which dramatically affect rupture behavior, resulting in slip heterogeneity. The relation between fault roughness and produced slip remains, however, a key knowledge gap in current numerical and field studies. In this study, we analyze numerical simulations of earthquake rupture to determine how roughness influences final slip profiles. Using a rupture catalog of thousands dynamic rupture simulations on non-planar fault profiles with varying roughness and background shear stress levels, we demonstrate that fault roughness affects the spectral characteristics of the resulting slip distribution. In particular, slip distributions become increasingly more self-affine, i.e. containing more short wavelength at smaller scale, with higher fault roughness, despite self-similar initial fault profiles. We also show that, at very short wavelength (<1km), the fractal dimension of the slip distributions dramatically changes with increasing roughness, background shear stress, and rupture behavior (e.g., sub-Rayleigh vs. supershear). The existence of a critical wavelength around 1km, under which more short wavelength are either preserved or created, suggests the role of rupture process and dynamic effects, together with fault geometry, in resulting slip distributions. The same spectral analysis is finally performed on high-resolution coseismic slip distributions from real strike-slip earthquakes. Compared to numerical simulations, all events present slip distributions that are much more self-affine than the profiles from numerical simulations. A different critical wavelength, here around 5-6km, appears, potentially informing about a critical asperity length. While we show here that the relation between fault roughness and produced slip distribution is much more complex than expected, this study is a first attempt at using statistical analyses of numerical simulations on rough faults to investigate observed coseismic slip distributions.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.\r\n\r\n3) Grant of Source Code License. The term \"Source Code\" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the Original Work.\r\n\r\n4) Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any other intellectual property. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in Section 2. No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.\r\n\r\n5) External Deployment. The term \"External Deployment\" means the use, distribution, or communication of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).\r\n\r\n6) Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Fault mechanics" }, { "word": "Fault roughness" }, { "word": "numerical modeling" }, { "word": "Earthquake dynamics" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-09T15:09:42Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-10T15:02:58Z", "date_published": "2019-07-10T15:02:58Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz545", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/cnksh", "authors": [ { "pk": 1001, "first_name": "Lucile", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bruhat", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7028, "first_name": "Yann", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Klinger", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8277, "first_name": "Amaury", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vallage", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1777, "first_name": "Eric", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Dunham", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-0804-7746" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Bruhat_Roughness_SubmittedVersion.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/795/download/1756/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 796, "title": "Seismological evidence for subcrustal magmatic injection beneath Fogo volcano, Cape Verde hotspot", "abstract": "Fogo volcano belongs to the Cape Verde hotspot and its most recent eruption occurred from November 2014 to February 2015. From January to December 2016 we operated a temporary seismic network on Fogo and were able to locate 289 earthquakes in total. While most of the events occur at distances > 25 km near the neighboring island of Brava. However, on 15th August 2016 we recorded an isolated cluster of more than 20 earthquakes, 13 of which could be located beneath the southern part of Fogo. Differences between S- and P-wave arrival times at steep incidence clearly indicate focal depths between approximately 38 and 44 km, whereas the Moho discontinuity has been reported at about 14 km depth. This indicates that the earthquakes occur well within the upper mantle directly beneath Fogo. The observations suggest that the high strain rates required for the deep events result from fracturing induced by magma injection. The results further indicate that the magmatic source region of previous eruptions is indeed located at greater depth beneath Fogo and not Brava as previously hypothesized.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "array seismology" }, { "word": "Fogo; Cape Verde" }, { "word": "Fogo volcano" }, { "word": "magma migration" }, { "word": "mantle earthquakes" }, { "word": "volcano-tectonic earthquakes" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-09T13:48:28Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-09T15:22:47Z", "date_published": "2019-07-09T15:22:47Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.106672", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/f6zdp", "authors": [ { "pk": 1002, "first_name": "Carola", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Leva", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5685, "first_name": "Georg", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rümpker", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7045, "first_name": "Frederik", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Link", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8305, "first_name": "Ingo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wölbern", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Volcanology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "ManuscriptLevaEtAl.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/796/download/1757/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/m7wt3", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 797, "title": "Assessing Climate Model Projections of Anthropogenic Warming Patterns", "abstract": "Projections of future anthropogenic climate change and their uncertainties are determined by analyzing large ensembles of numerical climate models. Since the late 1980s, transient climate models have projected a pronounced global warming, with relatively high warming in the Arctic and over land and low warming over the Southern Ocean. In general, confidence in climate model projections is based on their representations of physical processes and on how well they reproduce past climates. However, the relationship between a models ability to reproduce past climate changes and project future climate changes is unknown, as observations of the future are by definition unavailable. Here, we assess climate model projections of `future global warming patterns published in the 1995 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Second Assessment Report by quantitatively comparing them to observations acquired between 1990 and 2018. Observed patterns of warming follow model projections, falling within 1.64 inter-model standard deviations of the multi-model mean over most of the globe, with the exception of the West Pacific and Southern Oceans where we observe regional cooling trends associated with the `global warming hiatus. We find a correlation between a models ability to reproduce spatially-resolved temperature trends over the 1920-1990 hindcast period and the 1990-2018 `nowcast period, increasing our confidence in their projections of the future and lending support to Bayesian approaches in climate modelling. Climate change mitigation has now been delayed long enough for the first projections of anthropogenic global warming to be borne out in observations, dismissing claims that models are too inaccurate to be useful and reinforcing calls for climate action.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2019-07-08T20:01:28Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-16T19:37:57Z", "date_published": "2019-07-16T19:37:57Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ahq4p", "authors": [ { "pk": 3720, "first_name": "Henri", "middle_name": "Francois", "last_name": "Drake", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-0135-0814" }, { "pk": 5711, "first_name": "Tristan", "middle_name": "H.", "last_name": "Abbott", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6017, "first_name": "Megan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lickley", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "climate_model_performance(2).pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/797/download/1758/" }, { "original_filename": "climate_model_performance(2).pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/797/download/1759/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 798, "title": "Fringe or background: Characterizing deep-water mudstones beyond the basin-floor fan sandstone pinchout", "abstract": "Mud dominates volumetrically the fraction of sediment delivered and deposited in deep-water environments, and mudstone is a major component of basin-floor successions. However, studies of basin-floor deposits have mainly focused on their proximal sandstone-prone part. A consequent bias therefore remains in the understanding of depositional processes and stratigraphic architecture in mudstone-prone distal settings beyond the sandstone pinchouts of basin-floor fans. This study uses macroscopic and microscopic descriptions of over 500 m of continuous cores from research boreholes from the Permian Skoorsteenberg Formation of the Karoo Basin, South Africa, to document the sedimentology, stratigraphy and ichnology of a distal mudstone-prone basin-floor succession. Very thin- to thin-bedded mudstones, deposited by low-density turbidity currents, stack to form bedsets bounded by thin packages (<0.7 m thick) of background mudstones. Genetically-related bedsets stack to form bedset packages, which are bounded by thicker (>0.7 m thick) background mudstones. Stratigraphic correlation between cores suggests that bedsets represent the distal fringes of submarine fan lobe elements and/or lobes, and bedset packages represent the distal fringes of lobe complexes and/or lobe complex sets. The internal stacking pattern of bedsets and bedset packages is highly variable vertically and laterally, which records dominantly autogenic processes (e.g. compensational stacking, avulsion of feeder channels). The background mudstones are characterized by remnant tractional structures and outsize particles, and are interpreted as deposited from low-density turbidity currents and debris flows prior to intense biogenic reworking. These observations challenge the idea that mud only accumulate from hemipelagic suspension fallout in distal basin-floor environments. Thin background mudstones separating bedsets (<0.7 m thick) are interpreted to mainly represent autogenically-driven lobe abandonment due to up-dip channel avulsion. The thicker background mudstones separating bedset packages (>0.7 m thick) are interpreted to dominantly mark allogenically-driven regional decrease of sand supply to the basin-floor. The recognition of sandstone-prone basin-floor fans passing into genetically-linked distal fringe mudstones suggests that submarine lobes are at least ~20 km longer than previously estimated. This study provides sedimentological, stratigraphic and ichnological criteria to differentiate mudstones deposited in different sub-environments within distal deep-water basin-floor settings, with implications for the accurate characterization of basin-floor fan architecture, and their use as archives of paleoenvironmental change.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. 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For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "deep-water" }, { "word": "depositional processes" }, { "word": "mudstone" }, { "word": "Karoo Basin" }, { "word": "Lobes" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-08T17:36:24Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-09T01:05:28Z", "date_published": "2019-07-09T01:05:28Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/3qrew", "authors": [ { "pk": 5611, "first_name": "Kévin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Boulesteix", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-3349-2609" }, { "pk": 1738, "first_name": "Miquel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Poyatos-Moré", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-7813-8868" }, { "pk": 3603, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hodgson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7994, "first_name": "Stephen", "middle_name": "S.", "last_name": "Flint", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6084, "first_name": "Kevin", "middle_name": "G.", "last_name": "Taylor", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sedimentology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Boulesteix_et_al_Karoo_Mudstone_Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/798/download/1760/" }, { "original_filename": "Boulesteix_et_al_2019.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/798/download/1761/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 799, "title": "Heat distribution in the Southeast Pacific is only weakly sensitive to high-latitude heat flux and wind stress", "abstract": "The Southern Ocean features regionally-varying ventilation pathways that transport heat and carbon from the surface ocean to the interior thermocline on timescales of decades to centuries, but the factors that control the distribution of heat along these pathways are not well understood. In this study, we use a global ocean state estimate (ECCOv4) to (1) define the recently ventilated interior Pacific (RVP) using numerical passive tracer experiments over a 10-year period and (2) use an adjoint approach to calculate the sensitivities of the RVP heat content (RVPh) to changes in net heat flux and wind stress. We find that RVPh is most sensitive to local heat flux and wind stress anomalies north of the sea surface height contours that delineate the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, with especially high sensitivities over the South Pacific Gyre. Surprisingly, RVPh is not especially sensitive to changes at higher latitudes.\n\nWe perform a set of step response experiments over the South Pacific Gyre, the subduction region, and the high-latitude SO. In consistency with the adjoint sensitivity fields, RVPh is most sensitive to wind stress curl over the subtropical gyre, which alter isopycnal heave, and it is only weakly sensitive to changes at higher latitudes. Our results suggest that despite the localized nature of mode water subduction hotspots, changes in basin-scale pressure gradients are an important controlling factor on RVPh. Because basin-scale wind stress is expected to change in the coming decades to centuries, our results may have implications for climate, via the atmosphere/ocean partitioning of heat.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Southern Ocean" }, { "word": "wind stress" }, { "word": "adjoint sensitivity" }, { "word": "net heat flux" }, { "word": "Southeast Pacific" }, { "word": "ventilation" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-08T16:55:43Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-16T13:52:33Z", "date_published": "2019-07-16T13:52:33Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015460", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/r2mes", "authors": [ { "pk": 3928, "first_name": "Dani", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jones", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-8701-4506" }, { "pk": 3423, "first_name": "Emma", "middle_name": "Joan Douglas", "last_name": "Boland", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7116, "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Meijers", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5967, "first_name": "Gael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Forget", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 21398, "first_name": "Simon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Josey", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10094, "first_name": "Jean-Baptiste", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sallée", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8868, "first_name": "Emily", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shuckburgh", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Oceanography" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "main_manuscript_forcing.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/799/download/1762/" }, { "original_filename": "main_manuscript_forcing.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/799/download/1763/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/sefb4", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 800, "title": "The sensitivity of Southeast Pacific heat distribution to local and remote changes in ocean properties", "abstract": "The Southern Ocean features ventilation pathways that transport surface waters into the subsurface thermocline on timescales of decades to centuries, sequestering anomalies of heat and carbon away from the atmosphere and thereby regulating the rate of surface warming. Despite its importance for climate sensitivity, the factors that control the distribution of heat along these pathways are not well understood. In this study, we use an observationally-constrained, physically consistent global ocean model to examine the sensitivity of heat distribution in the recently ventilated subsurface Pacific (RVP) sector of the Southern Ocean to changes in ocean temperature and salinity. First, we define the RVP using numerical passive tracer release experiments that highlight the ventilation pathways. Next, we use an ensemble of adjoint sensitivity experiments to quantify the sensitivity of the RVP heat content to changes in ocean temperature and salinity. In terms of sensitivities to surface ocean properties, we find that RVP heat content is most sensitive to anomalies along the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), upstream of the subduction hotspots. In terms of sensitivities to subsurface ocean properties, we find that RVP heat content is most sensitive to basin-scale changes in the subtropical Pacific Ocean, around the same latitudes as the RVP. Despite the localized nature of mode water subduction hotspots, changes in basin-scale density gradients are an important controlling factor on heat distribution in the Southeast Pacific.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Southern Ocean" }, { "word": "Southeast Pacific" }, { "word": "Adjoint modeling" }, { "word": "Heat content" }, { "word": "sensitivities" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-08T16:46:31Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-16T13:51:56Z", "date_published": "2019-07-16T13:51:56Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-19-0155.1", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/9sjha", "authors": [ { "pk": 3928, "first_name": "Dani", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jones", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-8701-4506" }, { "pk": 3423, "first_name": "Emma", "middle_name": "Joan Douglas", "last_name": "Boland", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7116, "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Meijers", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5967, "first_name": "Gael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Forget", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 21398, "first_name": "Simon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Josey", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10094, "first_name": "Jean-Baptiste", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sallée", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8868, "first_name": "Emily", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shuckburgh", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Oceanography" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "main_manuscript_vent.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/800/download/1764/" }, { "original_filename": "main_manuscript_vent.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/800/download/1765/" }, { "original_filename": "main_manuscript_vent.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/800/download/1766/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/a72fq", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 801, "title": "δ13C values of bacterial hopanoids and leaf waxes as tracers for methanotrophy in peatlands", "abstract": "Methane emissions from peatlands contribute significantly to atmospheric CH4 levels and play an essential role in the global carbon cycle. The stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of bacterial and plant lipids has been used to study modern and past peatland biogeochemistry, especially methane cycling. However, the small number of recent peatlands that have been characterised and the lack of consistency between target compounds means that this approach lacks a rigorous framework. Here, we undertake a survey of bacterial and plant lipid δ13C values in peatlands from different geographic regions, spanning a wide range of temperature (-8 to 27°C) and pH (~3 to 8), to generate a reference dataset and probe drivers of isotopic variability. Within our dataset, the carbon fixation pathway predominantly determines leaf wax (n-alkane) δ13C values. Bacterial-derived C31 hopane δ13C values track those of leaf waxes but are relatively enriched (0 to 10‰), indicating a heterotrophic ecology and preferential consumption of 13C-enriched substrates (e.g. carbohydrates). In contrast, ≤ C30 hopanoids can be strongly 13C-depleted and indicate the incorporation of isotopically light methane into the bacterial community, especially at near neutral pH (~5-6 pH). Previous analysis of Eocene sediments has suggested isotopic decoupling between C31 and ≤ C30 hopanoid δ13C values. Our work suggests a globally widespread decoupling in recent peatlands; this persists despite the profound diversity of hopanoid producing bacteria and associated controls on their δ13C values and it has significant implications for future work. Re-analysis of published data from: 1) the (mid-to-early) Holocene and late Glacial, and 2) latest Paleocene and earliest Eocene in this revised context highlights that perturbations to the peatland methane cycle occurred during the past, and we envisage that this approach could provide unique (qualitative) insights into methane cycling dynamics throughout the geological record.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "peat" }, { "word": "Cenozoic" }, { "word": "Methanogenesis" }, { "word": "methane" }, { "word": "coal" }, { "word": "eocene" }, { "word": "paleocene" }, { "word": "Holocene" }, { "word": "biomarkers" }, { "word": "lignite" }, { "word": "lipids" }, { "word": "methanotrophy" }, { "word": "PETM" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-08T08:33:42Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-09T01:07:38Z", "date_published": "2019-07-09T01:07:38Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.06.030", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/5u6ec", "authors": [ { "pk": 664, "first_name": "Gordon", "middle_name": "Neil", "last_name": "Inglis", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10896, "first_name": "B. David A.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Naafs", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7196, "first_name": "Yanhong", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zheng", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8408, "first_name": "Judith", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schellekens", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11665, "first_name": "Richard", "middle_name": "D", "last_name": "Pancost", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Biogeochemistry" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Inglis_Merged Earth ArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/801/download/1767/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 802, "title": "The moment duration scaling relation for slow rupture arises from transient rupture speeds", "abstract": "The relation between seismic moment and earthquake duration for slow rupture follows a different power law exponent than sub-shear rupture. The origin of this difference in exponents remains unclear.\r\nHere, we introduce a minimal one-dimensional Burridge-Knopoff model which contains slow, sub-shear and super-shear rupture, and demonstrate that different power law exponents occur because the rupture speed of slow events contains long-lived transients. Our findings suggest that there exists a continuum of slip modes between the slow and fast slip end-members, but that the natural selection of stress on faults can cause less frequent events in the intermediate range. We find that slow events on one-dimenional faults follow $\\bar{M}_{0,\\text{slow,1D}}\\propto\\bar{T}^{0.63}$ with transition to $\\bar{M}_{0,\\text{slow,1D}}\\propto\\bar{T}^\\frac{3}{2}$ for longer systems or larger prestress, while the sub-shear events follow $\\bar{M}_{0,\\text{sub-shear},1D}\\propto\\bar{T}^2$. The model also predicts a super-shear scaling relation $\\bar{M}_{0,\\text{super-shear,1D}}\\propto\\bar{T}^3$. 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See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2019-07-07T20:29:01Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-16T19:38:25Z", "date_published": "2019-07-16T19:38:25Z", "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084436", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/jnvtr", "authors": [ { "pk": 4155, "first_name": "Kjetil", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Thøgersen", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-3022-5895" }, { "pk": 1004, "first_name": "Henrik", "middle_name": "Andersen", "last_name": "Sveinsson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7216, "first_name": "Julien", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Scheibert", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8423, "first_name": "Francois", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Renard", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9399, "first_name": "Anders", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Malthe-Sørenssen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "paper.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/802/download/1768/" }, { "original_filename": "paper.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/802/download/1769/" }, { "original_filename": "paper.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/802/download/1770/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 803, "title": "Relationships between soil chemical properties and rare earth element concentrations in the aboveground biomass of a tropical herbaceous plant", "abstract": "The geochemical behavior of rare earth elements (REE) has been mainly investigated in geological systems where they represent the best proxies for processes occurring at the interface between different media. REE concentrations, normalized with respect to the upper continental crust, were used to assess their behavior. In this study, REE geochemical behavior was investigated in plant shoots of a facultative metallophyte naturally growing in Katanga (Democratic Republic of Congo). Anisopappus chinensis and rooting zone soil samples (n=80) were collected in four natural sites with contrasting pedogeological environments (e.g., parent rock type, pH, organic matter content) and highly variable REE contents. Soil and plant REE concentrations and chemical soil factors were was analyzed by ICP-MS, to examine relationships between soil factor and REE accumulation in plants. REE uptake by plants was primarily correlated with their concentrations and/or their speciation in the soil as previously shown in the literature. Results of this study show that REE patterns in shoots are relatively flat whereas soils are enriched in middle REE. The geochemical behavior of REE illustrates that metals accumulation in aerial parts of A. chinensis is most probably driven by mechanisms involving REE complexation processes in the rhizosphere.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Critical Zone" }, { "word": "A. chinensis" }, { "word": "Democratic Republic of Congo" }, { "word": "Katanga" }, { "word": "lanthanide" }, { "word": "metallophytes" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-06T07:08:25Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-18T09:26:17Z", "date_published": "2019-07-18T09:26:17Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/w4hgs", "authors": [ { "pk": 3564, "first_name": "Olivier", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pourret", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-6181-6079" }, { "pk": 5913, "first_name": "Bastien", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lange", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7246, "first_name": "Raul", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Martinez", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8449, "first_name": "Oliver", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wiche", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9422, "first_name": "Michel-Pierre", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Faucon", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Biogeochemistry" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "pourret et al manuscript chem geol 26 june.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/803/download/1771/" }, { "original_filename": "pourret et al manuscript chem geol 26 june.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/803/download/1772/" }, { "original_filename": "pourret et al manuscript chem geol 26 june.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/803/download/1773/" }, { "original_filename": "pourret et al manuscript chem geol 26 june.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/803/download/1774/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 804, "title": "The Leaning Puy de Dôme", "abstract": "Acidic lava domes are a special monogenetic volcano type with explosive eruption hazards. Such domes raise questions about the nature of monogenetic volcanism. We study the iconic Puy de Dôme (Chaîne des Puys, Auvergne) that gave its name to dome landforms. It is asymmetric with one side more rugged and steeper than the other. Using mapping and paleomagnetism we find that it was tilted by ~20° south-westwards by bulging from a shallow intrusion, the Petit Puy de Dôme. The Puy de Dôme grew rapidly from this surface-bulging intrusion in one simple pulse, solidified, and was then tilted. During the tilting, there were landslides and the was a final small phreatomagmatic eruption. The domes history is verging on polygenetic, spanning several hundred years of intrusion and eruption, extending hazard periods. We find other uplifts with paired domes and tilted cones in the Chaîne des Puys and also others in polygenetic systems.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Volcano" }, { "word": "Intrusion" }, { "word": "Forced fold" }, { "word": "Bulge" }, { "word": "Chaîne des Puys" }, { "word": "dome" }, { "word": "monogenetic volcano" }, { "word": "Puy de Dôme" }, { "word": "UNESCO" }, { "word": "World Heritage" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-05T19:31:19Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-09T00:57:40Z", "date_published": "2019-07-09T00:57:40Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/3xq7s", "authors": [ { "pk": 5263, "first_name": "Benjamin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "van Wyk de Vries", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5937, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "S", "last_name": "Petronis", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7264, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Garcia", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" }, { "name": "Volcanology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Petronis_et_al_Puy_de_Dome_preprint_EARTHarXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/804/download/1775/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 805, "title": "Tectonic stress controls saucer-shaped sill geometry", "abstract": "Saucer-shaped sills are common in sedimentary basins worldwide. The saucer shape relates to asymmetric stress distributions at the sill-tip during intrusion caused by bending of the overburden. Most saucer-shaped sill models are conducted without tectonic stress. Model results are poorly correlated with natural sills in that: (1) modelled saucers are much steeper than natural sills; and (2) natural sill inclines are convex in profile whereas modelled saucer inclines are concave. We present finite element simulation of initially horizontal sill emplacement for a range of tectonic stress (sigma_r) conditions, from mild horizontal tension (sigma_r<0), to horizontal compression (0", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Finite element method" }, { "word": "Intrusion" }, { "word": "Saucer-shaped sill" }, { "word": "Tectonic stress" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-05T11:15:44Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-05T14:38:13Z", "date_published": "2019-07-05T14:38:13Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ugjcq", "authors": [ { "pk": 4093, "first_name": "Richard", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Walker", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-8541-1639" }, { "pk": 4404, "first_name": "Simon", "middle_name": "Philip", "last_name": "Gill", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9223-5410" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" }, { "name": "Volcanology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Sills_GEOLOGY_Eartharxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/805/download/1776/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 806, "title": "Finite element simulations of sill intrusion during tectonic loading", "abstract": "Igneous sills are common features in tectonically active regions, acting as nascent magma storage systems, or feeding eruptions at large lateral distances from the magma source. Sills reaching a critical radius, rc, relative to their initial depth, H, interact with Earth’s surface, leading to mild discordant growth at angle [theta] typically <10[deg] forming saucer-shaped sills; commonly rc>3H for natural sills. Analogue and numerical models for sills produce saucer shapes where [theta] >10[deg] and rc", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2019-07-04T20:07:48Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-05T13:16:49Z", "date_published": "2019-07-05T13:16:49Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/849nx", "authors": [ { "pk": 4093, "first_name": "Richard", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Walker", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-8541-1639" }, { "pk": 4404, "first_name": "Simon", "middle_name": "Philip", "last_name": "Gill", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9223-5410" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" }, { "name": "Volcanology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Sills_JGR_ARXIV.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/806/download/1777/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 807, "title": "Neoglacial trends in diatom dynamics from a small alpine lake in the Qinling Mountains of central China", "abstract": "During the latter stages of the Holocene, and prior to anthropogenic global warming, the Earth underwent a period of cooling called the neoglacial. The neoglacial was associated with declining summer insolation and changes to Earth surface albedo. Although impacts varied globally, in China the neoglacial was generally associated with cooler, more arid climate, which led to renewed permafrost formation, and shifts in vegetation composition. Few studies in central China, however, have explored the impact of neoglacial cooling on freshwater diversity, especially in remote alpine regions. Here we take a palaeolimnological approach to characterise multidecadal variability in diatom community composition, beta-diversity, and flux-inferred productivity over the past 3,500 years in the Qinling Mountains, biodiversity hotspot. We investigate the impact of long-term cooling on primary producers in an alpine lake, which are fundamental to overall aquatic ecosystem function. We show that trends in beta-diversity and shifts in ecological guilds likely reflect changing lake-catchment resource availability, linked to both long-term attenuation of the Asian summer monsoon, and abrupt cool events, linked to a strengthened Siberian High. Important diatom community and productivity responses to the Medieval Climatic Optimum and the Little Ice Age are all apparent in our record, although impact from previous centennial-scale, cool-events are less evident.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "China" }, { "word": "betadiversity" }, { "word": "diatoms" }, { "word": "Little Ice Age" }, { "word": "neoglacial" }, { "word": "palaeolimnology" }, { "word": "paleolimnology" }, { "word": "Qinling Mountains" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-04T14:03:06Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-05T13:14:56Z", "date_published": "2019-07-05T13:14:56Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-543-2020", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/83jnx", "authors": [ { "pk": 5444, "first_name": "Bo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cheng", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 877, "first_name": "Jennifer", "middle_name": "K", "last_name": "Adams", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7296, "first_name": "JianHui", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8493, "first_name": "Aifeng", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhou", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9456, "first_name": "Qing", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 878, "first_name": "Anson", "middle_name": "W.", "last_name": "Mackay", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Geography" }, { "name": "Life Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical and Environmental Geography" }, { "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Mackay et al PREPRINT v1.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/807/download/1778/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 808, "title": "The impact of Mg2+ ions on equilibration of Mg-Ca carbonates in groundwater and brines", "abstract": "At temperatures below 50°C, the Mg2+/Ca2+ values in groundwater and brines, irrespective of their origin - either carbonaceous or siliceous rocks/sediments - show a large spread. As shown by equilibria of surface layer composition of calcite in solutions containing Mg2+ , log10 (aMg2+ /a Ca2+) vary between minus infinity and +2.3, thereby covering thermodynamical equilibria between the minerals calcite, aragonite, dolomite and huntite. Log10 (aMg2+ /a Ca2+ ) in solution of dissolving ordered dolomite at 25 °C fits the thermodynamical equilibrium between disordered dolomite and calcite and nearly corresponds to that of pure calcite with a dolomitic surface layer due to exchange of Ca2+ against Mg2+ in Mg2+ -containing solutions. This observation suggests that the solubility of Mg-Ca carbonates is controlled by the composition of their monomolecular surface layers in equilibrium with the ambient aqueous phase. Incongruently dissolving minerals such as dolomite attain equilibrium between individual surface compositions of different carbonates. The bulk composition of these carbonates never equilibrates with the ambient solution due to extremely low ion mobility in the lattice. However, the thermodynamical equilibria are usually based on the composition of bulk minerals, therefore their estimates of equilibria between carbonates, i.e., log 10(a Mg2+/a Ca2+) in solution, differ significantly from values established by the chemical composition and structure of the surface layer of carbonates.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "geochemistry" }, { "word": "Dolomite" }, { "word": "Magnesian calcite" }, { "word": "Surface composition of carbonates" }, { "word": "Thermodynamics of carbonates" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-04T13:59:12Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-04T14:13:18Z", "date_published": "2019-07-04T14:13:18Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2020.125611", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/az39t", "authors": [ { "pk": 5452, "first_name": "Peter", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Möller", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3419, "first_name": "Marco", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "De Lucia", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-1186-4491" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "20200210-MoellerDeLucia_Geochemistry_PrePrint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/808/download/1779/" }, { "original_filename": "20190704_PrePrint_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/808/download/1780/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 811, "title": "Segmentation of the Main Himalayan Thrust inferred from geodetic observations of interseismic coupling", "abstract": "Mapping the distribution of locked segments along subduction megathrusts is essential for improving quantitative assessments of seismic hazard. Previous geodetic studies suggest the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) is homogeneously locked (or coupled) along its complete length over a down-dip extent of ~100 km. However, an increasing number of seismological and geophysical observations suggests the MHT is structurally segmented along strike. Furthermore, coupling appears to vary significantly in subduction zones worldwide, hence the MHT appears as a striking anomaly. Here, we use a recent compilation of geodetic data and a fully Bayesian approach to show that coupling is highly heterogeneous along the MHT, thus reconciling all observations available. Our probabilistic estimate of interseismic coupling along the entire MHT highlights four large, highly-coupled patches separated by three potential barriers of low coupling. Locked patches overlap with estimated rupture areas of historical large earthquake over the past centuries. The coincident spatial variability in coupling, seismicity, prominent active topography, and complexity in earthquake history, suggests a structural segmentation of the Himalayan imposed by inherited tectonic structures from the India-Eurasia collision. This correlation implies that inherited tectonic structures may influence how stress builds up along the MHT and thus may influence the location and size of large Himalayan earthquakes and the growth of the Himalaya.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. 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See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "GPS" }, { "word": "Interseismic coupling" }, { "word": "Megathrust" }, { "word": "Tectonics" }, { "word": "Topography" }, { "word": "Himalaya" }, { "word": "mountain building" }, { "word": "Earthquakes" }, { "word": "Seismicity" }, { "word": "Bayesian" }, { "word": "Himalayan earthquakes" }, { "word": "India-Eurasia collision" }, { "word": "Main Himalayan Thrust" }, { "word": "Orogens" }, { "word": "Segmentation" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-02T18:29:38Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-04T14:09:14Z", "date_published": "2019-07-04T14:09:14Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/tkjef", "authors": [ { "pk": 10425, "first_name": "Luca", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dal Zilio", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10423, "first_name": "Romain", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jolivet", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 910, "first_name": "Ylona", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "van Dinther", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Computer Sciences" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Probability" }, { "name": "Statistics and Probability" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Dal_Zilio_et_al-2019-Himalaya_coupling.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/811/download/1787/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 812, "title": "Photonic seismology in Monterey Bay: Dark fiber DAS illuminates offshore faults and coastal ocean dynamics", "abstract": "Emerging fiber-optic sensing technology coupled to existing subsea telecommunications cables can provide access to unprecedented seafloor observations of both ocean and solid earth phenomena. During March 2018, we conducted a Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) measurement campaign along a buried fiber-optic cable typically used for data transfer to and from a scientific cabled observatory offshore Monterey Bay called the Monterey Accelerated Research System (MARS) node. During a 4-day period of MARS node maintenance the MARS cable was repurposed as an evenly-spaced ~10,000-component, 20-kilometer-long DAS array. Full wavefield observation of a M3.4 earthquake that occurred 45-km inland near Gilroy, CA illuminated multiple recently-mapped and previously unmapped submarine fault zones, which were observed to slow the propagating wavefront and act as point scatterers reradiating body-wave energy as Scholte waves. In the shallow water of the MARS cable (h<100m), dominant noise (f~0.1-0.3 Hz) was found to match the predicted seafloor pressure field induced by shoaling ocean surface waves, otherwise known as the primary ocean microseism. DAS amplitudes track sea state dynamics during a storm cycle in the Northern Pacific, correlating with features of local bay buoy and onshore broadband seismometer data streams. We also observed secondary microseisms (f~0.5-2 Hz). Decomposing the incoming and outgoing wavefield components of the primary microseism noise we validated the Lougnet-Higgins-Hasselmann theory that bi-directional ocean wind-waves setup by the coast reflection undergo nonlinear wave mixing to cause the secondary microseisms, even when the outgoing energy is only 1% of the incoming energy. We observe additional noise patterns at higher and lower frequencies that are consistent with previous point sensor observations of post-low-tide tidal bores (f~1-5 Hz), storm-induced sediment transport (f~0.8-10 Hz), infragravity waves (f~0.01-0.05 Hz), and breaking internal waves (f~0.001 Hz). 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Seismology" }, { "word": "marine geophysics" }, { "word": "DAS" }, { "word": "Ambient noise" }, { "word": "Distributed acoustic sensing" }, { "word": "microseism" }, { "word": "fiber-optic" }, { "word": "array seismology" }, { "word": "earthquake wavefield" }, { "word": "infragravity waves" }, { "word": "internal waves" }, { "word": "Monterey Bay" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-02T00:11:51Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-09T00:58:04Z", "date_published": "2019-07-09T00:58:04Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/7bf92", "authors": [ { "pk": 1012, "first_name": "Nathaniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lindsey", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9933, "first_name": "Craig", "middle_name": "T.", "last_name": "Dawe", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6839, "first_name": "Jonathan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ajo-Franklin", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "manuscriptPreprintUpload.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/812/download/1788/" }, { "original_filename": "manuscriptPreprintUpload.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/812/download/1789/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 813, "title": "The Glacial Origins of Relict Pingos, Wales, UK", "abstract": "Ramparted depressions (doughnut-shaped debris-cored ridges with peat- and/or sediment-filled central basins) are commonly perceived to represent the relict collapsed forms of permafrost ground-ice mounds (i.e. pingos or lithalsas). In Wales, UK, ramparted depressions of Late Pleistocene age have been widely attributed to permafrost-related processes. However, a variety of alternative glacial origins for these enigmatic landforms are also consistent with the available geological and geomorphological evidence, although previous studies have barely considered such alternative processes of formation. From detailed geophysical, sedimentological and remote-sensing studies at two field sites, we demonstrate that: (i) the wastage of stagnating glacier ice is a viable alternative explanation for the formation of ramparted depressions in Wales; (ii) the glacial geomorphology and geology of these landforms is analogous to supraglacial and subglacial landforms from the last Laurentide and Fennoscandian ice sheets; (iii) these landforms have significant potential for characterising the nature of deglaciation around the margins of the Irish Sea during the last glacial cycle, and may record evidence for the overextension and stagnation of the south-eastern margin of the Irish Sea Ice Stream; and (iv) investigations of ramparted depressions within formerly glaciated terrains must consider both glacial and periglacial mechanisms of formation.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Quaternary" }, { "word": "Permafrost" }, { "word": "glacial geology" }, { "word": "near surface geophysics" }, { "word": "pingo" }, { "word": "stagnant ice" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-01T09:49:10Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-04T14:04:48Z", "date_published": "2019-07-04T14:04:48Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2019.40", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/f8kcr", "authors": [ { "pk": 986, "first_name": "Neil", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ross", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Glaciology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Ross_etal_AoG_2020_pingopaper.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/813/download/1790/" }, { "original_filename": "Ross_etal_TheGlacialOriginsofPingosinWales_EarthArxivVersion.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/813/download/1791/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 814, "title": "Denoising ambient seismic field correlation functions with convolutional autoencoders", "abstract": "Seismic interferomestry is an established method for monitoring the temporal evolution of the Earths physical properties. We introduce a new technique to improve the precision and temporal resolution of seismic monitoring studies based on deep learning. Our method uses a convolutional denoising autoencoder, called ConvDeNoise, to denoise ambient seismic field correlation functions. The technique can be applied to traditional two-station cross-correlation functions but this study focuses on single-station cross-correlation (SC) functions. SC functions are computed by cross correlating the different components of a single seismic station and can be used to monitor the temporal evolution of the Earths near surface. We train and apply our algorithm to SC functions computed with a time resolution of 20 minutes at seismic stations in the Tokyo metropolitan area, Japan. We show that the relative seismic velocity change (dv/v(t)) computed from SC functions denoised with ConvDeNoise has less variability than that calculated from raw SC functions. Compared to other denoising methods such as the SVD-based Wiener Filter method developed by Moreau et al. (2017), the dv/v results obtained after using our algorithm have similar precision. The advantage of our technique is that once the algorithm is trained, it can be apply to denoise near-real-time SC functions. The near-real-time aspect of our denoising algorithm may be useful for operational hazard forecasting models, for example when applying seismic interferometry at an active volcano.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.\r\n\r\n3) Grant of Source Code License. The term \"Source Code\" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the Original Work.\r\n\r\n4) Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any other intellectual property. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in Section 2. No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.\r\n\r\n5) External Deployment. The term \"External Deployment\" means the use, distribution, or communication of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).\r\n\r\n6) Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "machine learning" }, { "word": "seismic noise" }, { "word": "Deep learning" }, { "word": "Autoencoders" }, { "word": "Denoising autoencoders" }, { "word": "Seismic monitoring" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-07-01T06:06:26Z", "date_accepted": "2019-07-04T14:13:43Z", "date_published": "2019-07-04T14:13:43Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/q4m2t", "authors": [ { "pk": 1557, "first_name": "Loic", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Viens", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6159, "first_name": "Chris", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Van Houtte", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Main_For_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/814/download/1792/" }, { "original_filename": "Main_For_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/814/download/1793/" }, { "original_filename": "Main_For_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/814/download/1794/" }, { "original_filename": "Main_For_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/814/download/1795/" }, { "original_filename": "Main_For_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/814/download/1796/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/rtzg5", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 11547, "title": "AI-assisted identification of stromatoporoids", "abstract": "<p>Stromatoporoid sponge fossils were major diverse reef-builders in the Palaeozoic Era; their taxonomic identification relies on thin sections examined under transmit-ted light microscopy, where vertical and transverse skeletal elements reveal diag-nostic architectural features that vary with taxa. These elements typically appear darker than the cement-filled internal spaces, allowing stromatoporoid taxa to be distinguished. However, stromatoporoid architecture is variable, so that judgement of identification is not always unequivocal. Therefore, this study investigates the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to automate stromatoporoid identification, introducing a novel approach to streamline and standardize palaeontological tax-onomy. For the first time, both vertical and transverse sections have been simulta-neously analysed and integrated into an automated framework. High-resolution im-ages of thin sections from four well-established Silurian genera, collected from the West Midlands and Shropshire counties, UK, were used to train supervised ma-chine learning models. The images, captured using plane-polarised transmitted light microscopy on thin sections, were digitally enhanced to increase contrast and eliminate background noise, ensuring that only skeletal features were used to in-form the models. Despite variations in fossil preservation, section orientation, and image quality, the AI models achieved classification accuracies of up to 96%. This demonstrates that stromatoporoid skeletal architecture is highly amenable to auto-mated analysis, even under suboptimal conditions. The results represent a signifi-cant step forward in the application of AI to palaeontology, reducing reliance on manual identification and accelerating the classification process. Ultimately, this approach lays the groundwork for fully automated taxonomic workflows that improve research efficiency and accessibility.</p>", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "stromatoporoid" }, { "word": "thin section microscopy" }, { "word": "AI" }, { "word": "machine learning" }, { "word": "taxonomy" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-23T11:17:04.032000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-23T15:47:32.792000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-23T15:47:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X54X9C", "authors": [ { "pk": 128421, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rodríguez González", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 94176, "first_name": "Consuelo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sendino", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4823-2145" }, { "pk": 14051, "first_name": "Stephen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kershaw", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128423, "first_name": "Inés", "middle_name": "Victoria", "last_name": "Rodríguez", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Stromatoporoids-AI_MS.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11547/download/20876/" }, { "original_filename": "Stromatoporoids-AI_MS.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11547/download/20877/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://github.com/davrodgon/stroma-ai", "label": "Supplementary File" } ] }, { "pk": 816, "title": "From prodigious volcanic degassing to caldera subsidence and quiescence at Ambrym (Vanuatu): the influence of regional tectonics", "abstract": "Eruptive activity shapes volcanic edifices. The formation of broad caldera depressions is often associated with major collapse events, emplacing conspicuous pyroclastic deposits. However, caldera subsidence may also proceed silently by magma withdrawal at depth, more difficult to detect. Ambrym, a basaltic volcanic island, hosts a 12-km wide caldera and several intensely-degassing lava lakes confined to intra-caldera cones. Using satellite remote sensing of deformation, gas emissions and thermal anomalies, combined with seismicity and ground observations, we show that in December 2018 an intra-caldera eruption at Ambrym preceded normal faulting with >2 m of associated uplift along the eastern rift zone and 2.5 m of caldera-wide subsidence. Deformation was caused by lateral migration of >0.4 cubic kilometers of magma into the rift zone, extinguishing the lava lakes, and feeding a submarine eruption in the rift edge. Recurring rifting episodes, favored by stress induced by the D’Entrecasteaux Ridge collision against the New Hebrides arc, lead to progressive subsidence of Ambrym’s caldera and concurrent draining of the lava lakes. Although counterintuitive, convergent margin systems can induce rift zone volcanism and subsequent caldera subsidence.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "remote sensing" }, { "word": "volcanology" }, { "word": "Tectonics" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-28T14:27:59Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-28T15:01:12Z", "date_published": "2019-06-28T15:01:12Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55141-7", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/c8d5v", "authors": [ { "pk": 1015, "first_name": "Tara", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shreve", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11852, "first_name": "Raphaël", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Grandin", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7455, "first_name": "Marie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Boichu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8624, "first_name": "Esline", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Garaebiti", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4086, "first_name": "Yves", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Moussallam", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11861, "first_name": "Valérie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ballu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10708, "first_name": "Francisco", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Delgado", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11030, "first_name": "Frédérique", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Leclerc", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1017, "first_name": "Martin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vallée", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11446, "first_name": "Nicolas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Henriot", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" }, { "name": "Volcanology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "TLSetal_2019_AmbrymEvent2018_Preprint_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/816/download/1798/" }, { "original_filename": "TLSetal_2019_AmbrymEvent2018_Preprint_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/816/download/1799/" }, { "original_filename": "TLSetal_2019_AmbrymEvent2018_Preprint_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/816/download/1800/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 817, "title": "What sets the width of a river?", "abstract": "Alluvial rivers are formed by, and are an expression of, the water and sediment that they convey. They are the primary arteries of water and nutrients on land, making them the lifeblood of communities and commerce. While a myriad of environmental and geological factors have been proposed to control alluvial river size, near-universal scaling relations between channel geometry and discharge suggest a common organizing principle. Here we use a global dataset, and a novel field study, to support a simple hypothesis: river geometry adjusts to the threshold fluid entrainment stress of the most resistant material lining the channel. This threshold condition describes the averaged hydraulic state of natural rivers, and is compatible with dynamics; erosion and deposition on channel banks, associated with meandering, for example, represent higher-order variations in fluid stress around the mean state. This greatly extends the applicability of threshold channel theory, which was originally developed to explain straight gravel-bedded rivers with uniform grain size and stable banks. We show how increasing the relative threshold of bank to bed material leads to a proportionate reduction in channel width and increase in channel depth; in this manner, muddy banks encourage sand-bedded rivers to adopt a meandering (rather than braided) morphology. The parsimonious \"threshold-limiting material\" model provides guidance for river management and restoration practices, and may aid in the reconstruction of past climates on Earth and other planetary bodies using alluvial river deposits.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. 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See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Rivers" }, { "word": "geomorphology" }, { "word": "Alluvial" }, { "word": "Channel" }, { "word": "Cohesion" }, { "word": "Hydraulic Geometry" }, { "word": "Planform Geometry" }, { "word": "Threshold" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-28T12:48:32Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-28T14:17:26Z", "date_published": "2019-06-28T14:17:26Z", "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc1505", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/pvqag", "authors": [ { "pk": 8917, "first_name": "Kieran", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dunne", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4532, "first_name": "Douglas", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Jerolmack", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4358-6999" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "River_Width_Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/817/download/1801/" }, { "original_filename": "Rivers shaped by the most erosion resistant material_Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/817/download/1802/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/m8ycu", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 818, "title": "Lateral variability of shelf-edge, slope and basin-floor deposits, Santos Basin, offshore Brazil", "abstract": "Construction of continental margins is driven by sediment transported across the shelf to the shelf-edge, where it is reworked by wave-, tide- and river-influenced processes within deltas and flanking clastic shorelines. Stalling of continental margin progradation often results in degradation of the outer shelf to upper slope, with re-sedimentation to the lower slope and basin-floor via a range of sediment gravity-flows and mass-movement processes. Our understanding of how these processes contribute to the long-term development of continental margins has typically been limited to observations from broadly two-dimensional, subsurface and outcrop datasets. Consequently, the three-dimensional, particularly along-strike variability in process regime and margin evolution is poorly constrained and often underappreciated. We use a large (90 km by 30 km, parallel to depositional strike and dip, respectively) post-stack time-migrated 3D seismic-reflection dataset to investigate along-strike variations in shelf margin progradation and outer-shelf to upper-slope collapse in the Santos Basin, offshore SE Brazil. Early Palaeogene to Eocene progradation of the shelf margin is recorded by spectacularly imaged, SE-dipping clinoforms. Periodic failure of the outer-shelf and upper slope formed c.30 km-wide (parallel to shelf margin strike) slump scars, which resulted in a strongly scalloped upper slope. Margin collapse caused (1) the emplacement of slope-attached mass-transport complexes (MTCs) (up to ca. 375 m thick, 12+ km long, 20 km wide) on the proximal basin-floor, and (2) accommodation creation on the outer shelf to upper slope. This newly formed accommodation was infilled by shelf-edge-delta clinoforms (up to 685 m thick), that nucleated and prograded basinward from the margin-collapse headwall scarp, downlapping onto the underlying slump scar and/or MTCs. Trajectory analysis of the shelf-edge deltas suggests that slope degradation-created accommodation was generated mainly during times of base-level rise rather than, as would be predicted by most sequence-stratigraphic models, during base-level fall. Our results highlight the significant along-strike variability in depositional style, geometry and evolution of that can occur on this and other continental margins. Coeval strata, separated by only a few kilometres, display strikingly different stratigraphic architectures; this variability could be missed in 2D datasets and is not currently captured in conventional 2D sequence stratigraphic models.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. 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For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "mass-transport complex (MTC)" }, { "word": "sequence stratigraphy" }, { "word": "clinoforms" }, { "word": "clinothems" }, { "word": "continental margins" }, { "word": "mass-transport deposit (MTD)" }, { "word": "shelf-edge deltas" }, { "word": "toe-of-slope fans" }, { "word": "trajectory analysis" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-28T09:30:41Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-28T14:09:35Z", "date_published": "2019-06-28T14:09:35Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.14", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/eagqd", "authors": [ { "pk": 3616, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "J.", "last_name": "Steventon", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1573, "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "Aiden-Lee", "last_name": "Jackson", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8592-9032" }, { "pk": 3603, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hodgson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8280, "first_name": "Howard", "middle_name": "D.", "last_name": "Johnson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sedimentology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Steventon et al (2019) Lateral variability of shelf-edge, slope and basin-floor deposits, Santos Basin, offshore Brazil.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/818/download/1803/" }, { "original_filename": "Steventon et al (2019) Lateral variability of shelf-edge, slope and basin-floor deposits, Santos Basin, offshore Brazil.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/818/download/1804/" }, { "original_filename": "Steventon et al (2019) Lateral variability of shelf-edge, slope and basin-floor deposits, Santos Basin, offshore Brazil.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/818/download/1805/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/sfe8j", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 819, "title": "Certified Reduced Basis Method in Geosciences Addressing the challenge of high dimensional problems", "abstract": "One of the biggest challenges in Computational Geosciences is finding ways of efficiently simulating high-dimensional problems. In this paper, we demonstrate how the RB method can be gainfully exploited to solve problems in the Geosciences. The reduced basis method constructs low-dimensional approximations to (high-dimensional) solutions of parametrized partial differential equations. In contrast to other widely used geoscientific reduction techniques, the reduced basis method reduces the Galerkin approximation space, and not the physical space and is consequently much less restrictive. Another advantage of the method is that for the problems considered in this paper, the method provides a bound to the error in the reduced order approximation, thus permitting an objective evaluation of the approximation quality. Using a geothermal conduction problem we demonstrate that depending on the model we obtain a maximum speed-up of three orders of magnitude with an approximation error that is very small in comparison to typical measurement errors. This significant reduction of the cost of the forward simulation allows performing uncertainty quantification, inversions, and parameter studies for larger and more complex models than currently possible.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Finite element method" }, { "word": "reduced basis method" }, { "word": "Geothermal Conduction" }, { "word": "Model Order Reduction" }, { "word": "MOOSE Framework" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-28T07:13:35Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-28T14:59:29Z", "date_published": "2019-06-28T14:59:29Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10596-019-09916-6", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/neh9j", "authors": [ { "pk": 1622, "first_name": "Denise", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Degen", "salutation": "Ms", "orcid": "0000-0002-7932-6251" }, { "pk": 6270, "first_name": "Karen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Veroy", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7538, "first_name": "Florian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wellmann", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Applied Mathematics" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Numerical Analysis and Computation" }, { "name": "Partial Differential Equations" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "degen_et_al_2019_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/819/download/1806/" }, { "original_filename": "degen_et_al_2019_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/819/download/1807/" }, { "original_filename": "degen_et_al_2019_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/819/download/3893/" }, { "original_filename": "degen_et_al_2019_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/819/download/3902/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 820, "title": "Increasing dependence of lowland population on mountain water resources", "abstract": "Mountain areas provide disproportionally high runoff in many parts of the world, but their importance for lowland water resources and food production has not been clarified so far. Here we quantify for the first time the extent to which lowland inhabitants potentially depend on runoff contributions from mountain areas (39% of land mass). We show that ~1.4 billion people (23% of world’s lowland population) are projected to depend critically on runoff contributions from mountains by mid-21st century under a ‘middle of the road’ scenario, compared to ~0.2 B (8%) in the 1960s. This striking rise is mainly due to increased local water consumption in the lowlands, whereas changes in mountain and lowland runoff play a minor role only. We furthermore show that one third of global lowland area equipped for irrigation is currently located in regions that both depend heavily on runoff contributions from mountains and make unsustainable use of local blue water resources, a figure that is likely to rise to well over 50% in the coming decades. Our findings imply that mountain areas should receive particular attention in water resources management and underscore the protection they deserve in efforts towards sustainable development.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "water resources" }, { "word": "climate change" }, { "word": "food security" }, { "word": "global change" }, { "word": "highland-lowland-systems" }, { "word": "irrigated areas" }, { "word": "lowland areas" }, { "word": "mountain areas" }, { "word": "water towers" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-27T13:02:19Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-28T14:10:24Z", "date_published": "2019-06-28T14:10:24Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0559-9", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/fr5uj", "authors": [ { "pk": 1639, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Viviroli", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4090, "first_name": "Matti", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kummu", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7552, "first_name": "Michel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Meybeck", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7798, "first_name": "Yoshihide", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wada", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Viviroli_et_al_2019_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/820/download/1808/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 821, "title": "More hots: Quantifying upward trends in the number of extremely hot days and nights in Tallahassee, Florida, USA: 1892–2018", "abstract": "The U.S. National Weather Service Office (WSO) Tallahassee official record shows an upward trend in the number of hot days at a rate of 2.1% per year and a more pronounced upward trend in the number of hot nights at a rate of 4.5% per year. Increasingly frequent hot days and nights result from more and longer hot events (consecutive hot days/nights).", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "climate change" }, { "word": "Florida" }, { "word": "hot daily high and low temperatures" }, { "word": "human health and comfort" }, { "word": "Tallahassee" }, { "word": "upward trends" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-27T06:43:39Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-27T07:06:47Z", "date_published": "2019-06-27T07:06:47Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6308", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/q4y8z", "authors": [ { "pk": 14276, "first_name": "James", "middle_name": "B", "last_name": "Elsner", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6306, "first_name": "Svetoslava", "middle_name": "C.", "last_name": "Elsner", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "MoreHotDays.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/821/download/1809/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 822, "title": "Information-theoretic Portfolio Decision Model for Optimal Flood Management", "abstract": "The increasing impact of flooding urges more effective flood management strategies to guarantee sustainable ecosystem development. Recent catastrophes underline the importance of avoiding local flood management, but characterizing large scale basin wide approaches for systemic flood risk management.\nHere we introduce an information-theoretic Portfolio Decision Model (iPDM) for the optimization of a systemic ecosystem value at the basin scale by evaluating all potential flood risk mitigation plans. iPDM calculates the ecosystem value predicted by all feasible combinations of flood control structures (FCS) considering environmental, social and economical asset criteria. A multi-criteria decision analytical model evaluates the benefits of all FCS portfolios at the basin scale weighted by stakeholder preferences for assets criteria as ecosystem services. The risk model is based on a maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) that predicts the flood susceptibility, the risk of floods based on the exceedance probability distribution, and its most important drivers. Information theoretic global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis is used to select the simplest and most accurate model based on a flood return period. A stochastic optimization algorithm optimizes the ecosystem value constrained to the budget available and provides Pareto frontiers of optimal FCS plans for any budget level. Pareto optimal solutions maximize FCS diversity and minimize the criticality of floods manifested by the scaling exponent of the Pareto distribution of flood size that links management and hydrogeomorphological patterns. The proposed model is tested on the 17,000 $km^2$ Tiber river basin in Italy.\niPDM allows stakeholders to identify optimal FCS plans in river basins for a comprehensive evaluation of flood effects under future ecosystem trajectories.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "river basin management; floods; systemic risk; MaxEnt; portfolio decision model; MCDA" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-27T05:15:34Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-27T06:08:18Z", "date_published": "2019-06-27T06:08:18Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/k5aut", "authors": [ { "pk": 1021, "first_name": "Matteo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Convertino", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6317, "first_name": "Antonio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Annis", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1022, "first_name": "Fernando", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nardi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Civil Engineering" }, { "name": "Computational Engineering" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Environmental Health and Protection" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Hydraulic Engineering" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Life Sciences" }, { "name": "Natural Resources and Conservation" }, { "name": "Natural Resources Management and Policy" }, { "name": "Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering" }, { "name": "Other Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Other Engineering" }, { "name": "Other Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Probability" }, { "name": "Risk Analysis" }, { "name": "Statistics and Probability" }, { "name": "Sustainability" }, { "name": "Systems Engineering" }, { "name": "Water Resource Management" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "ConvertinoNardi_Portfolio_EnvSoft_May2019_notracks2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/822/download/1810/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/hxjtm", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 823, "title": "Dynamical Systems Theory Sheds New Light on Compound Climate Extremes in Europe and Eastern North America", "abstract": "We propose a novel approach to the study of compound extremes, grounded in dynamical systems theory. Specifically, we present the co-recurrence ratio (α), which elucidates the dependence structure between variables by quantifying their joint recurrences. This approach is applied to daily climate extremes, derived from the ERA-Interim reanalysis over the 1979-2018 period. The analysis focuses on concurrent (i.e. same-day) wet (total precipitation) and windy (10m wind gusts) extremes in Europe and concurrent cold (2m temperature) extremes in Eastern North America and wet extremes in Europe. Results for wet and windy extremes in Europe, which we use as a test-bed for our methodology, show that α peaks during boreal winter. High α values correspond to wet and windy extremes in north-western Europe, and to large-scale conditions resembling the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). This confirms earlier findings which link the positive NAO to a heightened frequency of extra-tropical cyclones impacting north-western Europe. For the Eastern North America-Europe case, α extremes once again reflect concurrent climate extremes - in this case cold extremes over North America and wet extremes over Europe. Our analysis provides detailed spatial information on regional hotspots for these compound extreme occurrences, and encapsulates information on their spatial footprint which is typically not included in a conventional co-occurrence analysis. We conclude that α successfully characterises compound extremes by reflecting the evolution of the associated meteorological maps. This approach is entirely general, and may be applied to different types of compound extremes and geographical regions.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Climate Dynamics" }, { "word": "Climate Extremes" }, { "word": "Compound Extremes" }, { "word": "Dynamical Extremes" }, { "word": "Dynamical Systems Theory" }, { "word": "Multi-Hazards" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-25T17:17:27Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-27T06:24:01Z", "date_published": "2019-06-27T06:24:01Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3757", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/qdn5w", "authors": [ { "pk": 4031, "first_name": "Paolo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "De Luca", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5959, "first_name": "Gabriele", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Messori", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1024, "first_name": "Flavio", "middle_name": "M. E.", "last_name": "Pons", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8744, "first_name": "Davide", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Faranda", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Applied Mathematics" }, { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" }, { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Dynamic Systems" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Meteorology" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Physics" }, { "name": "Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "De_Luca_et_al_Dyn_Extr.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/823/download/1811/" }, { "original_filename": "De_Luca_et_al_Dyn_Extr.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/823/download/1812/" }, { "original_filename": "De_Luca_et_al_Dyn_Extr.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/823/download/1813/" }, { "original_filename": "De_Luca_et_al_Dyn_Extr.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/823/download/1814/" }, { "original_filename": "De_Luca_et_al_Dyn_Extr.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/823/download/1815/" }, { "original_filename": "De_Luca_et_al_Dyn_Extr.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/823/download/1816/" }, { "original_filename": "De_Luca_et_al_Dyn_Extr.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/823/download/1817/" }, { "original_filename": "De_Luca_et_al_Dyn_Extr.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/823/download/1818/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/53tgn", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 824, "title": "Investigating the water movements around a shallow shipwreck in Big Tub Harbour of Lake Huron: implications for managing underwater shipwrecks.", "abstract": "The Sweepstakes in Fathom Five National Marine Park is one of Ontarios more iconic shipwrecks. Continued exposure to water currents has directly and indirectly affected the integrity of the wreck and resulted in management interventions including efforts to stabilize the wreck and control vessel activity. An extensive series of field measurements were made during the peak tourist season in the summer of 2015 with the aim of differentiating between natural hydrological processes present at this site versus human-derived water movements. There is a high-degree of natural current variability from processes as diverse as wind-induced surface gravity waves, internal gravity waves, and diurnal flows due to differential heating. Our results show that circulation driven by internal gravity waves derived from upwelling is insignificant. While vessel induced currents were detectable at the shipwreck, they were no larger than the normal summer variability. There is evidence of scour around the shipwreck which likely comes from large wave events from winter storms. Monthly climatological significant wave heights for Lake Huron suggest that typical winter storms contain far higher wave heights than anything observed in summer 2015 and could be responsible for the sediment scouring around the shipwreck.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "management" }, { "word": "marine archeology" }, { "word": "scouring" }, { "word": "shallow shipwrecks" }, { "word": "water movements" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-25T15:07:02Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-27T06:08:39Z", "date_published": "2019-06-27T06:08:39Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ysw25", "authors": [ { "pk": 3829, "first_name": "Lakshika", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Girihagama", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1026, "first_name": "Mathew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wells", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7619, "first_name": "Bryan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Flood", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8761, "first_name": "Reza", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Valipour", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9647, "first_name": "Patricia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Semcesen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10304, "first_name": "Scott", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Parker", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Natural Resources Management and Policy" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "BTH_Final_EarthArxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/824/download/1819/" }, { "original_filename": "BTH_Final_EarthArxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/824/download/1820/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 825, "title": "Reducing uncertainties in climate projections with emergent constraints: Concepts, Examples and Prospects", "abstract": "Models disagree on a significant number of responses to climate change, such as climate feedback, regional changes, or the strength of equilibrium climate sensitivity. Emergent constraints aim to reduce these uncertainties by finding links between the inter-model spread in an observable predictor and climate projections. In this paper, the concepts underlying this framework are recalled with an emphasis on the statistical inference used for narrowing uncertainties, and a review of emergent constraints found in the last two decades. Potential links between highlighted predictors are explored, especially those targeting uncertainty reductions in climate sensitivity, cloud feedback, and changes of the hydrological cycle. Yet the disagreement across emergent constraints suggests that the spread in climate sensitivity can not be significantly narrowed. This calls for weighting the realism of emergent constraints by quantifying the level of physical understanding explaining the relationship. This would also permit more efficient model evaluation and better targeted model development. In the context of the upcoming CMIP6 model intercomparison a growing number of new predictors and uncertainty reductions is expected, which call for robust statistical inferences that allow cross-validation of more likely estimates.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. 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For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "climate models" }, { "word": "climate change" }, { "word": "Climate sensitivity" }, { "word": "emergent constraint" }, { "word": "CMIP" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-25T09:23:28Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-28T03:49:48Z", "date_published": "2019-06-28T03:49:48Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-019-9140-8", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/qwbyt", "authors": [ { "pk": 26523, "first_name": "Florent", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Brient", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-8485-4705" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" }, { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Emergent_constraint_Final.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/825/download/1821/" }, { "original_filename": "Emergent_constraint_Final.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/825/download/1822/" }, { "original_filename": "Emergent_constraint_Final.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/825/download/1823/" }, { "original_filename": "Emergent_constraint_Final.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/825/download/1824/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/a2czx", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 826, "title": "Is it always Slowdown of the Walker circulation at solar cycle maximum?", "abstract": "It is a commentary following a published paper in PNAS titled, ‘Slowdown of the Walker circulation at solar cycle maximum’, by Stergios Misios, Lesley J. Gray, Mads F. Knudsen, Christoffer Karoff, Hauke Schmidt, and Joanna D. Haigh (2019). The article of Misios et.al.(2019) claims that there is a slowdown of the Walker Circulation during maximum periods of solar cycles. In support, they provided model results. They also gave directions of improved future predictive skill involving that knowledge of solar cycles. However, their work does not comply with various observational results. This contribution highlights those areas and pinpoints discrepancies. Knowing the limitations of models, if any model results match some very limited part of observations, it is not possible to make similar claims. It raises doubt on any improvement of future predictive skill.", "license": { "name": "CC0 1.0 Universal - Public Domain Dedication", "short_name": "CC0", "text": "Statement of Purpose\r\n\r\nThe laws of most jurisdictions throughout the world automatically confer exclusive Copyright and Related Rights (defined below) upon the creator and subsequent owner(s) (each and all, an \"owner\") of an original work of authorship and/or a database (each, a \"Work\").\r\n\r\nCertain owners wish to permanently relinquish those rights to a Work for the purpose of contributing to a commons of creative, cultural and scientific works (\"Commons\") that the public can reliably and without fear of later claims of infringement build upon, modify, incorporate in other works, reuse and redistribute as freely as possible in any form whatsoever and for any purposes, including without limitation commercial purposes. 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Further, Affirmer disclaims responsibility for obtaining any necessary consents, permissions or other rights required for any use of the Work.\r\nAffirmer understands and acknowledges that Creative Commons is not a party to this document and has no duty or obligation with respect to this CC0 or use of the Work.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2019-06-24T23:13:10Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-27T15:36:08Z", "date_published": "2019-06-27T15:36:08Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04653-5", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/4q2rn", "authors": [ { "pk": 3653, "first_name": "Indrani", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Roy", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-1728-7506" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" }, { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "PNAS_Final.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/826/download/1825/" }, { "original_filename": "PNAS_Final.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/826/download/1826/" }, { "original_filename": "PNAS_Natural_Hazards.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/826/download/4513/" }, { "original_filename": "PNAS_Natural_Hazards.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/826/download/4519/" }, { "original_filename": "PNAS_Natural_Hazards.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/826/download/4525/" }, { "original_filename": "PNAS_Natural_Hazards.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/826/download/4527/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/d76wt", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 827, "title": "The influence of a slope break on turbidite deposits: an experimental investigation", "abstract": "Bypassing turbidity currents can travel downslope without depositing any of their suspended sediment load. Along the way, they may encounter a slope break (i.e. an abrupt decrease in slope angle) that initiates sediment deposition. Depending on the initiation point of deposition (the upslope pinch-out), these turbidite deposits in slope-break systems can form potential reservoirs for hydrocarbons. Here we investigate the distribution of turbidite deposits as a function of the geometry of slope-break systems in flume experiments. Shields-scaled turbidity currents were released into a flume tank containing an upper and a lower slope reach separated by a slope break. These slope-break experiments were generating both depositional and bypassing flows solely based on variation in steepness of the lower and upper slope. Results show that the depositional pattern in a slope-break system is controlled by the steepness of the upper and lower slope, rather than the angle of the slope break. The steepness of the upper slope controls the upslope pinch-out, while the lower slope controls the deposit thickness downstream of the slope break.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "turbidity current" }, { "word": "experiments" }, { "word": "Bypass" }, { "word": "Deep marine" }, { "word": "Scaling" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-24T09:41:49Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-24T14:46:25Z", "date_published": "2019-06-24T14:46:25Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106160", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/v58gm", "authors": [ { "pk": 9662, "first_name": "Florian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pohl", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4209, "first_name": "Joris", "middle_name": "T.", "last_name": "Eggenhuisen", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8875, "first_name": "Matthieu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cartigny", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7549, "first_name": "Mike", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tilston", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10747, "first_name": "Jan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "de Leeuw", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10320, "first_name": "Navid", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hermidas", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sedimentology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Pohl-etal-BoS-preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/827/download/1827/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 828, "title": "Snow Depth and Snow Water Equivalent Estimation in the Northwestern Himalayan Watershed using Spaceborne Polarimetric SAR Interferometry", "abstract": "Snow depth (SD) and Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) constitute essential physical properties of snow and find extensive usage in the hydrological modelling domain. However, the prominent impact of the hydrometeorological conditions and difficult terrain conditions inhibit accurate measurement of the SD and SWE— an ongoing research problem in the cryosphere paradigm. In this context, spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems benefit from global coverage at sufficiently high spatial and temporal resolutions. Still, existing polarimetric and interferometric SAR techniques are susceptible to high volume scattering resulting from the increased snow grain sizes due to the standing (or old) snow formation driven by the temperature induced snow metamorphosis process. Hence, to model this volume decorrelation, the polarimetric SAR interferometry (Pol-InSAR) technique can be effectively applied. In this work, the standing snow depth (SSD) and its corresponding standing snow water equivalent (SSWE) are estimated using the single-baseline Pol-InSAR based hybrid Digital Elevation Model (DEM) differencing and coherence amplitude inversion model. To achieve this, six TerraSAR-X, TanDEM-X Coregistered Single look Slant range Complex (CoSSC) bistatic quad-pol acquisitions between December 2015 and January 2016 over Dhundi (situated in the Beas watershed, northwestern Himalayas, India) are used. Due to the associated problems of model parameter tuning, complex topographical conditions, and limited ground-truth measurements, appropriate sensitivity analyses have been carried out for the parameter optimisation. Furthermore, the uncertainty sources are identified by performing a summer (June 8, 2017) and wintertime (January 8, 2016) comparative analysis of the study area which quantitatively highlights the changes in the percentages of the surface and volume scatterings. Evidently, the improved model displays sufficiently high overall SSD accuracy with coefficient of determination (R^2) ≈ 0.96, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) ≈ 1.61 cm, and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) ≈ 2.16 cm. Additionally, the respective SSWEs have been calculated by assuming a fixed snow density for each epoch wherein the overall error metrics are R^2 ≈ 0.71, MAE ≈ 5.19 mm, and RMSE ≈ 6.84 mm. Therefore, this research successfully demonstrates the practicability of the improved Pol-InSAR model for SD estimation over rugged terrains.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "remote sensing" }, { "word": "Sensitivity analysis" }, { "word": "Cryosphere" }, { "word": "interferometry" }, { "word": "synthetic aperture radar" }, { "word": "microwave remote sensing" }, { "word": "polarimetry" }, { "word": "polinsar" }, { "word": "polsar" }, { "word": "snow depth" }, { "word": "snow water equivalent" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-23T11:57:48Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-27T06:09:57Z", "date_published": "2019-06-27T06:09:57Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/6v4h3", "authors": [ { "pk": 1683, "first_name": "Sayantan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Majumdar", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-3539-0147" }, { "pk": 6426, "first_name": "Praveen", "middle_name": "K.", "last_name": "Thakur", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 22021, "first_name": "Ling", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8814, "first_name": "Sneh", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mani", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9682, "first_name": "Shashi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kumar", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Water Resource Management" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Majumdar_ArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/828/download/1828/" }, { "original_filename": "Majumdar_ArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/828/download/1829/" }, { "original_filename": "Majumdar_ArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/828/download/1830/" }, { "original_filename": "Majumdar_ArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/828/download/1831/" }, { "original_filename": "Majumdar_ArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/828/download/1832/" }, { "original_filename": "Majumdar_ArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/828/download/1833/" }, { "original_filename": "Majumdar_ArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/828/download/1834/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/7wf9b", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 829, "title": "Mixing, stratification and plankton under lake-ice during winter in a large lake: implications for spring dissolved oxygen levels", "abstract": "The mixing and stratification present under the ice during winter can have a profound influence on the following summertime hypolimnetic oxygen levels. During winter, plankton rely on updrafts caused by convection to remain in the photic zone in ice-covered lakes, thus there is a crucial link in winter between light levels, under-ice circulation and dissolved oxygen (DO) production. Detailed observations of temperature and oxygen over 3 winters suggest that radiatively driven convection is correlated to oxygen increases in the mixing layer. Both plankton abundance and dissolved oxygen were maximum near the end of the winter before the ice melted. Oxygen became supersaturated by the end of the severe winter of 2015 when the ice cover duration was the longest, whereas DO was slightly below saturation in the warmer winters of 2016 and 2017. After ice-off, the combination of high-frequency measurements through winter and bi-weekly sampling in spring through to summer suggests that decreases in DO started when spring overturn ended and the water column became weakly stratified, which was very close to the timing of when the mean water column temperature first exceeded 4oC. The implication of this work is that the winter oxygen dynamics are important for the hypolimnetic oxygen concentrations when the water column becomes stratified, which in turn sets initial conditions for the degree of any late summer hypoxia.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "convection" }, { "word": "plankton" }, { "word": "dissolved oxygen" }, { "word": "ice" }, { "word": "Winter limnology" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-21T21:02:25Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-22T10:04:53Z", "date_published": "2019-06-22T10:04:53Z", "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11543", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/5uvwc", "authors": [ { "pk": 1030, "first_name": "Bernard", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1026, "first_name": "Mathew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wells", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7699, "first_name": "Jingzhi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8836, "first_name": "Joelle", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Yang_convection_DO_withfigures.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/829/download/1835/" }, { "original_filename": "Yang_convection_DO_withfigures.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/829/download/1836/" }, { "original_filename": "Yang_convection_DO_withfigures.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/829/download/1837/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 830, "title": "Pervasive foreshock activity across southern California", "abstract": "Foreshocks have been documented as preceding less than half of all mainshock earthquakes. These observations are difficult to reconcile with laboratory earthquake experiments and theoretical models of earthquake nucleation, which both suggest that foreshock activity should be nearly ubiquitous. Here we use a state-of-the-art, high-resolution earthquake catalog to study foreshock sequences of magnitude M4 and greater mainshocks in southern California from 2008-2017. This highly complete catalog provides a new opportunity to examine smaller magnitude precursory seismicity. Seventy-two percent of mainshocks within this catalog are preceded by foreshock activity that is significantly elevated compared to the local background seismicity rate. Foreshock sequences vary in duration from several days to weeks, with a median of 16.6 days. The results suggest that foreshock occurrence in nature is more prevalent than previously thought, and that our understanding of earthquake nucleation may improve in tandem with advances in our ability to detect small earthquakes.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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Through the development of large interconnected networks of sills and dykes, sand injection complexes provide a volume of porous and permeable rocks within the low permeability host units. Overall, the formation of sand injection complexes requires extensive fracturing and hydrofracturing, which can be particularly pronounced when sand injections are coupled with brittle tectonic deformation. In exceptional circumstances, this process may threaten the integrity of the reservoir top seal thereby preventing further hydrocarbon accumulation. Studying exceptional exposures along the coastal area of Santa Cruz in California, we report evidence for top seal failure associated with injection episodes. Two distinct sand injection episodes are proposed. A first event, datable to Late Miocene, allowed for large volumes of sand to be emplaced within the top-seal units followed by accumulation of hydrocarbons within newly injected sandstones. Later, a series of brittle tectonic events, associated with San Andreas/San Gregorio Fault System, caused remobilisation and accumulation of sand along newly formed fault planes. This combination of pervasive brittle deformation and sandstone injection along fault structures, as this detailed case study documents, can disrupt the integrity of a host unit, leading to the overall failure of a top seal and leakage of hydrocarbons.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "california" }, { "word": "Hydrocarbon leakage" }, { "word": "; San Andreas/San Gregorio fault system" }, { "word": "Sandstone-filled faults" }, { "word": "Sandstone intrusions" }, { "word": "Santa Cruz Injection Complex" }, { "word": "Santa Cruz petroleum system" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-21T14:25:09Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-22T10:17:18Z", "date_published": "2019-06-22T10:17:18Z", "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104431", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/g6r8v", "authors": [ { "pk": 5552, "first_name": "Giuseppe", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Palladino", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1599, "first_name": "Roberto", "middle_name": "Emanuele", "last_name": "Rizzo", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7735, "first_name": "Gustavo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zvirtes", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8863, "first_name": "Antonio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Grippa", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9710, "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hurst", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10352, "first_name": "Ruy", "middle_name": "Paulo", "last_name": "Philipp", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4845, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Healy", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11092, "first_name": "Ian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Alsop", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sedimentology" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Palladino et al. 2019 .pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/831/download/1841/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 872, "title": "Marine biomarkers from ice cores reveal enhanced high-latitude Southern Ocean carbon sink during the Antarctic Cold Reversal", "abstract": "Determining the feedbacks that modulate Southern Ocean carbon dynamics is key to understanding past and future climate. The global pause in rising atmospheric CO2 during the period of mid- to high-latitude southern surface cooling known as the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR, 14,700-12,700 years ago) provides an opportunity to disentangle competing influences. We present highly-resolved and precisely-aligned ice and marine reconstructions that capture a previously unrecognized increase in microbial diversity and ocean primary productivity during the ACR. Transient climate modeling across the last glacial suggests this period corresponds to a maximum seasonal difference in sea-ice extent. Our results indicate that this increased seasonal sea-ice variability drove changes in high-latitude light, temperature and nutrient availability, turning the southern seasonal sea-ice zone into a globally significant carbon sink.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Antarctica" }, { "word": "Antarctic Cold Reversal" }, { "word": "Blue Ice Areas" }, { "word": "ice core biomarkers" }, { "word": "Last Glacial Transition" }, { "word": "sea ice-carbon feedbacks" }, { "word": "Southern Hemisphere Westerlies" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-05-24T09:45:07Z", "date_accepted": "2019-05-31T15:56:25Z", "date_published": "2019-05-31T15:56:25Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/64mve", "authors": [ { "pk": 1061, "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fogwill", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 2512, "first_name": "Chris", "middle_name": "Stewart MacGregor", "last_name": "Turney", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-6733-0993" }, { "pk": 8655, "first_name": "Laurie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Menviel", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5173, "first_name": "Andy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Baker", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1552-6166" }, { "pk": 9517, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Weber", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10203, "first_name": "Bethany", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ellis", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10683, "first_name": "Zoë", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Thomas", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11014, "first_name": "Nick", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Golledge", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10753, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Etheridge", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11064, "first_name": "Mauro", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rubino", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Biogeochemistry" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Glaciology" }, { "name": "Paleontology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Fogwill et al GCB_22052019.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/872/download/1947/" }, { "original_filename": "Fogwill et al GCB_22052019.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/872/download/1948/" }, { "original_filename": "Fogwill et al GCB_22052019.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/872/download/1949/" }, { "original_filename": "Fogwill et al GCB_22052019.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/872/download/1950/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/5pfrz", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 832, "title": "Are magnetic stripes on the Cuvier Abyssal Plain (offshore NW Australia) diagnostic of oceanic crust?", "abstract": "Magnetic stripes have long been used to define the presence and age of oceanic crust. However, continental crust heavily intruded by magma can record magnetic reversals akin to those observed in oceanic crust. We re-evaluate the nature of the Cuvier Abyssal Plain (CAP), offshore NW Australia, which hosts magnetic stripes and has previously been defined as oceanic crust. We use magnetic, 2D seismic reflection, and geochemical data to test whether the CAP structure and composition is consistent with unambiguous oceanic crust. We show chemical data from a basalt within the CAP, previously described as displaying an enriched MORB-like signature, actually contains evidence of contamination by continental material. We also recognise seaward-dipping reflector (SDR) sequences across the CAP. Borehole data from overlying sedimentary rocks suggests these SDRs were emplaced in a shallow-water (<200 m depths) or sub-aerial environment. Our results indicate the CAP may not be unambiguous oceanic crust. Instead, we suggest the CAP could comprise a spectrum heavily intruded continental crust (akin to present-day Ethiopia) through to fully oceanic crust, recording the evolution from continental rifting to progressively magma-dominated, sub-aerial to shallow-water extension. Our work supports suggestions that magnetic reversals may not be truly diagnostic of oceanic crust.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Exmouth Plateau" }, { "word": "rifting" }, { "word": "Geodynamics" }, { "word": "Continental Crust" }, { "word": "lithosphere" }, { "word": "continental breakup" }, { "word": "igneous crust" }, { "word": "magnetic stripes" }, { "word": "northwest Australia" }, { "word": "oceanic crust" }, { "word": "SDR" }, { "word": "SDRs" }, { "word": "seaward dipping reflectors" }, { "word": "transitional crust" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-20T21:31:47Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-22T10:14:48Z", "date_published": "2019-06-22T10:14:48Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/s8rjh", "authors": [ { "pk": 5557, "first_name": "Matthew", "middle_name": "T.", "last_name": "Reeve", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1608, "first_name": "Craig", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Magee", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-9836-2365" }, { "pk": 7757, "first_name": "Ian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bastow", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8886, "first_name": "Carl", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "McDermott", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1573, "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "Aiden-Lee", "last_name": "Jackson", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8592-9032" }, { "pk": 6012, "first_name": "Rebecca", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Bell", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10803, "first_name": "Julie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Prytulak", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Other Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Reeve et al. 2019 - Cuvier margin_EA.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/832/download/1842/" }, { "original_filename": "Reeve et al. 2020 - Cuvier Abyssal Plain_EarthArXiv_compressed.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/832/download/3638/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 833, "title": "Global resource potential of seasonal pumped-storage", "abstract": "The risk of seasonal mismatches between electricity supply and demand is increasing due to expanded use of wind, solar and hydropower resources. Power system planners are thus in search of low-cost seasonal energy storage options. Seasonal Pumped-Storage (SPS) can provide short, medium and long-term energy storage at a relatively low-cost and provides co-benefits in the form of freshwater storage capacity. Here, we present the first global assessment of SPS potential, using a novel plant-siting methodology and high-resolution topographical and hydrological data. Our results show that SPS costs vary from 0.007 to 0.2 $/m3 of water stored, 1.8 to 50 $/MWh of energy stored and 0.37 to 0.6 $/GW of installed power generation capacity. The estimated world energy storage capacity below a cost of 50 $/MWh is 17.3 PWh, approximately 79% of the world electricity consumption in 2017.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2019-06-20T17:09:17Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-20T21:28:27Z", "date_published": "2019-06-20T21:28:27Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/5s7bt", "authors": [ { "pk": 1034, "first_name": "Julian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hunt", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6561, "first_name": "Edward", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Byers", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7798, "first_name": "Yoshihide", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wada", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8918, "first_name": "Simon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Parkinson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8179, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gernaat", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10378, "first_name": "Simon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Langan", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10813, "first_name": "Detlef", "middle_name": "P.", "last_name": "van Vuuren", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11115, "first_name": "Keywan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Riahi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Geotechnical Engineering" }, { "name": "Hydraulic Engineering" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Global resource potential of seasonal pumped-storage.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/833/download/1843/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/s6ezn", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 834, "title": "Large uncertainty in volcanic aerosol radiative forcing derived from ice cores", "abstract": "Reconstructions of volcanic aerosol radiative forcing are required to understand past climate variability. Currently, reconstructions of pre-20th century volcanic forcing are derived from sulfate concentrations measured in polar ice cores, predominantly using a relationship between average ice sheet sulfate deposition and stratospheric sulfate aerosol based on a single explosive eruption - the 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. Here we derive volcanic radiative forcing from ice-core-records using a perturbed parameter ensemble of aerosol-climate model simulations of explosive eruptions, which enables the uncertainty to be estimated. We find that a very wide range of eruptions with different sulfur dioxide emissions, eruption latitudes, emission altitudes and in different seasons produce ice-sheet sulfate deposition consistent with ice-core-derived values for eruptions during the last 2500 years. Consequently, we find a large uncertainty in the volcanic forcing, suggesting uncertainties on the global mean temperature response of more than 1C for several past explosive eruptions, which has not been previously accounted for.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "aerosol" }, { "word": "radiative forcing" }, { "word": "statistical emulation" }, { "word": "volcanic eruptions" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-20T09:19:02Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-20T21:24:49Z", "date_published": "2019-06-20T21:24:49Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/mbtg8", "authors": [ { "pk": 1035, "first_name": "Lauren", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Marshall", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6592, "first_name": "Anja", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schmidt", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7833, "first_name": "Jill", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Johnson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8946, "first_name": "Graham", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mann", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9782, "first_name": "Lindsay", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lee", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10396, "first_name": "Ken", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Carslaw", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" }, { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Volcanology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Marshall_et_al_EarthArXiv_submission.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/834/download/1844/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/3h9bs", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 835, "title": "Systems of intensive vertical vortices in turbulent atmosphere", "abstract": "At certain conditions a system of well-separated quasi-point vortices can appear in two-dimensional turbulence. Such system contains main part (almost entire) of the flow enstrophy (mean squared vorticity). Spectral properties of the two-dimensional turbulence in the presence of the system of the quasi-point vortices have been studied using notion of the distributed chaos. Results of direct numerical simulations of decaying turbulence, of turbulence with small-scale forcing, of quasi-geostrophic turbulence with thermal damping and of turbulent thermal convection on a sphere as well as results of the Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP, using commercial aircraft) measurements in the tropospheric and stratospheric turbulence over mountainous terrain (the small-scale forcing) have been used for this purpose.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "atmosphere" }, { "word": "Turbulence" }, { "word": "chaos" }, { "word": "GASP" }, { "word": "geostrophic" }, { "word": "vortices" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-20T08:26:02Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-22T10:16:06Z", "date_published": "2019-06-22T10:16:06Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/25qe9", "authors": [ { "pk": 3120, "first_name": "Alexander", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bershadskii", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "geostrophic.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/835/download/1845/" }, { "original_filename": "geostrophic.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/835/download/1846/" }, { "original_filename": "geostrophic.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/835/download/1847/" }, { "original_filename": "geostrophic.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/835/download/1848/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 836, "title": "Data-driven prediction of a multi-scale Lorenz 96 chaotic system using deep learning methods: Reservoir computing, ANN, and RNN-LSTM", "abstract": "In this paper, the performance of three deep learning methods for predicting short-term evolution and for reproducing the long-term statistics of a multi-scale spatio-temporal Lorenz 96 system is examined. The methods are: echo state network (a type of reservoir computing, RC-ESN), deep feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN), and recurrent neural network with long short-term memory (RNN-LSTM). This Lorenz 96 system has three tiers of nonlinearly interacting variables representing slow/large-scale ($X$), intermediate ($Y$), and fast/small-scale ($Z$) processes. For training or testing, only $X$ is available; $Y$ and $Z$ are never known or used. We show that RC-ESN substantially outperforms ANN and RNN-LSTM for short-term prediction, e.g., accurately forecasting the chaotic trajectories for hundreds of numerical solvers time steps, equivalent to several Lyapunov timescales. The RNN-LSTM and ANN show some prediction skills as well; RNN-LSTM bests ANN. Furthermore, even after losing the trajectory, data predicted by RC-ESN and RNN-LSTM have probability density functions (PDFs) that closely match the true PDF, even at the tails. The PDF of the data predicted using ANN, however, deviates from the true PDF. Implications, caveats, and applications to data-driven and data-assisted surrogate modeling of complex nonlinear dynamical systems such as weather/climate are discussed.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2019-06-19T20:55:06Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-20T08:41:42Z", "date_published": "2019-06-20T08:41:42Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/fbxns", "authors": [ { "pk": 6924, "first_name": "Ashesh", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chattopadhyay", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3988, "first_name": "Pedram", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hassanzadeh", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8969, "first_name": "Devika", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Subramanian", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Applied Mathematics" }, { "name": "Artificial Intelligence and Robotics" }, { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" }, { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Computer Sciences" }, { "name": "Dynamic Systems" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Fluid Dynamics" }, { "name": "Non-linear Dynamics" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Physics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "RSPA_Author_tex_ACv10_Arxive.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/836/download/1849/" }, { "original_filename": "RSPA_Author_tex_ACv10_Arxive.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/836/download/1850/" }, { "original_filename": "RSPA_Author_tex_ACv10_Arxive.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/836/download/1851/" }, { "original_filename": "RSPA_Author_tex_ACv10_Arxive.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/836/download/1852/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 887, "title": "Using nano-XRM and high-contrast imaging to inform micro-porosity permeability during Stokes-Brinkman single and two-phase flow simulations on micro-CT images", "abstract": "Carbonate rocks have particularly complex and multiscale pore systems which are weakly understood. In this study we use combined experimental, modelling, and pore space generation methods to tackle the impact of micro-porosity on the bulk flow properties of Estaillades limestone. First, a nano-core from a microporous grain of Estaillades Limestone was scanned using x-ray nano tomography (nano-XRM). The information from the nano-XRM scan was then used as input into an object-based pore network generator, on which permeability fields were simulated for a range of porosities, creating a synthetic Kozeny-Carman porosity-permeability relationship targeted for the specific micro porous system present in Estaillades. We found a good match between experimental and simulated Mercury Intrusion Capillary Pressure (MICP) range in the imaged geometry and a good match between the imaged and object generated permeabilities and MICP. A micro-core of Estaillades was then scanned using x-ray microtomography (μCT), the differential pressure was measured during single phase flow, and the rock was flooded with highly doped brine to differentiate connected from unconnected micro-porosity. The differential contrast between the dry and doped images was used to assign a porosity to each voxel of connected micro-porosity. The flow through the pore space was then solved using a Stokes-Brinkman solver while a second segmented image with no micro-porosity was solved a Stokes solver. The differences between the measured permeability and the two computed permeabilities was evaluated. We found that there was good agreement between both the computed permeability of the Stokes and Stokes-Brinkman simulation with the measured permeability. However, there was considerable differences in the velocity fields with the Stokes-Brinkman simulation capturing stagnant regions of the pore space that were not present in the Stokes simulations. Additionally, we investigated the implications of including micro-porosity in estimations of relative permeability. Nitrogen was experimentally co-injected through the core with doped brine at a 50% fractional flow and imaged to the two-phase effective permeability. This experimental measurement was compared with the numerical permeability simulated using both Stokes and Stokes-Brinkman models for several saturation points along a synthetic MICP injection curve. We found that the Stokes simulation was not able to predict relative permeability with this method due to the major flow paths in the macro-porosity being impeded by the injected non-wetting phase. The Stokes-Brinkman simulations, however, allowed flow in the microporous regions around these blocked flow paths and was able to achieve a relative permeability prediction that was a reasonable match to the experimental measurement. This method could be used to predict relative permeability in water wet pore-structures with high micro-porosity.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "X-ray tomography" }, { "word": "carbonate microporosity" }, { "word": "Kozeny-Carman" }, { "word": "multiscale imaging" }, { "word": "permeability" }, { "word": "pore morphology" }, { "word": "relative permeability" }, { "word": "steady state flow" }, { "word": "synthetic pore-space generation" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-05-14T15:15:37Z", "date_accepted": "2019-05-17T17:16:13Z", "date_published": "2019-05-17T17:16:13Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.935035", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ubg6p", "authors": [ { "pk": 1074, "first_name": "Hannah", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Menke", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6497, "first_name": "Ying", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gao", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7744, "first_name": "Sven", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Linden", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8867, "first_name": "Matthew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Andrew", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Menkeetal2019_V3.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/887/download/1986/" }, { "original_filename": "Menkeetal2019_V3.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/887/download/1987/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 837, "title": "Comments on the paper “Two independent real-time precursors of the 7.8 M earthquake in Ecuador based on radioactive and geodetic processes – Powerful tools for an early warning system” by Toulkeridis et al. (2019)", "abstract": "In the paper entitled “Two independent real-time precursors of the 7.8 M earthquake in Ecuador based on radioactive and geodetic processes – Powerful tools for an early warning system”, Toulkeridis et al. (2019) claim that they found radiation and GPS signal anomalies before the April 16th 2016 Pedernales earthquake (Ecuador) and that their findings can be used to forecast earthquakes in the medium and short term in active continental margins. Using an extended data set that overlaps Toulkeridis et al. (2019) study period, we find: (1) the success rate of predicting earthquakes using radiation anomalies is 2.5%; (2) radiation anomalies, including the one recorded during the hours before the M 7.8 earthquake, temporally correlate with local rainfall; (3) Toulkeridis et al. (2019) GPS results are physically unrealistic and inconsistent with previously published GPS and InSAR analysis; (4) there is no anomaly in the GPS time series before the earthquake. Therefore, Toulkeridis et al. (2019) results are not reliable evidence of precursors to the M 7.8 earthquake in 2016 in Ecuador, and their proposed method cannot be used to forecast earthquakes.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "GPS" }, { "word": "Earthquake forecasting" }, { "word": "Ecuador" }, { "word": "gamma radiation" }, { "word": "precursors" }, { "word": "rainfall" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-18T20:36:04Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-19T06:37:11Z", "date_published": "2019-06-19T06:37:11Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2019.101648", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/wk93r", "authors": [ { "pk": 5585, "first_name": "Hugo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yepes", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11326, "first_name": "Jean-Mathieu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nocquet", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-3436-9354" }, { "pk": 6743, "first_name": "Benjamin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bernard", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8988, "first_name": "Pablo", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Palacios", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9809, "first_name": "Sandro", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vaca", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10410, "first_name": "Santiago", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Aguaiza", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Yepes et al 2019 - Comments on the paper by Toulkeridis et al 2019 - Accepted.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/837/download/1853/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 838, "title": "Geometry and topology of estuary and braided river channel networks automatically extracted from topographic data", "abstract": "Automatic and objective extraction of channel networks from topography in systems with multiple interconnected channels, like braided rivers and estuaries, remains a major challenge in hydrology and geomorphology. Representing channelized systems as networks provides a mathematical framework for analyzing transport and geomorphology. In this paper, we introduce a mathematically rigorous methodology and software for extracting channel network topology and geometry from digital elevation models (DEMs) and analyze such channel networks in estuaries and braided rivers. Channels are represented as network links, while channel confluences and bifurcations are represented as network nodes. We analyze and compare DEMs from the field and those generated by numerical modeling. We introduce a metric called the sand function that characterizes the volume of deposited material separating channels to quantify the spatial scale attributed to each link. Scale asymmetry is observed in the majority of links downstream of bifurcations, indicating geometric asymmetry and bifurcation stability. The length of links relative to system size scales with sand function scale to the power of 0.24-0.35, while the number of nodes decreases against system scale and does not exhibit power-law behavior. Link depth distributions indicate that the estuaries studied tend to organize around a deep main channel that exists at the largest scale while braided rivers have channel depths that are more evenly distributed across scales. The methods and results presented establish a benchmark for quantifying the topology and geometry of multi-channel networks from DEMs with an automatic and objective tool.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "fluvial geomorphology" }, { "word": "geomorphology" }, { "word": "Estuaries" }, { "word": "braided rivers" }, { "word": "channel network extraction" }, { "word": "estuarine geomorphology" }, { "word": "network analysis" }, { "word": "networks" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-18T13:26:12Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-18T19:00:58Z", "date_published": "2019-06-18T19:00:58Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JF005206", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/3rft7", "authors": [ { "pk": 1114, "first_name": "Matthew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hiatt", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6673, "first_name": "Willem", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sonke", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7914, "first_name": "Elisabeth", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Addink", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4295, "first_name": "Wout", "middle_name": "M.", "last_name": "van Dijk", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-7276-1824" }, { "pk": 9830, "first_name": "Marc", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "van Kreveld", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10427, "first_name": "Tim", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ophelders", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10845, "first_name": "Kevin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Verbeek", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11140, "first_name": "Joyce", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vlaming", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11300, "first_name": "Bettina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Speckmann", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4717, "first_name": "Maarten", "middle_name": "G", "last_name": "Kleinhans", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9484-1673" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Computer Sciences" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "NetworkExtractionTool_ver_20190617PrePrint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/838/download/1854/" }, { "original_filename": "NetworkExtractionTool_ver_20190617PrePrint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/838/download/1855/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 839, "title": "Guerrilla Badges for Reproducible Geospatial Data Science (AGILE 2019 Short Paper)", "abstract": "The building blocks of research are developing at an unprecedented pace. Data collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, review, and publication take place completely on computers. The final product often is still a static document with only limited links to the underlying digital material, making transparency and reproducibility a challenge. In this work we apply the mechanism of badges to provide prominent connections to underlying analyses environments and important (meta-)data to readers of scholarly publications in geospatial data science. An API specification and implementation for a badge server provide extended and regular badges. The badges leverage recognition value for executability, licensing, spatial extent, and peer-review metadata – base information which either is or should be made available. We show a client-side integration method across many third-party platforms that allows evaluation of badges in realistic scenarios. The server and client enable an independent spreading of badges. The open source publication of all used software enables reproducibility and extensibility. The badges show potential to enhance interaction with scholarly works and should be evaluated with academic users in the future.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "AGILEGIS" }, { "word": "AGILE short paper" }, { "word": "reproducibility" }, { "word": "reproducible research" }, { "word": "badges" }, { "word": "data science" }, { "word": "geospatial" }, { "word": "research compendium" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-17T12:57:44Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-19T06:56:26Z", "date_published": "2019-06-19T06:56:26Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/xtsqh", "authors": [ { "pk": 1524, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nüst", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0000-0002-0024-5046" }, { "pk": 6729, "first_name": "Lukas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lohoff", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7972, "first_name": "Lasse", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Einfeldt", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9052, "first_name": "Nimrod", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gavish", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1037, "first_name": "Marlena", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Götza", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10447, "first_name": "Shahzeib", "middle_name": "Tariq", "last_name": "Jaswal", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10860, "first_name": "Salman", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Khalid", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11152, "first_name": "Laura", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Meierkort", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11360, "first_name": "Matthias", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mohr", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11505, "first_name": "Clara", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rendel", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Computer Sciences" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Nüst et al. - AGILE 2019 - Guerrilla Badges for Reproducible Geospatial Data Science.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/839/download/1856/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/kzajf", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 840, "title": "Probing the chemical transformation of seawater-soluble crude oil components during microbial oxidation", "abstract": "Studies assessing the environmental impacts of oil spills focus primarily on the non-water-soluble components, leaving the fate of the water-soluble fraction (WSF) largely unexplored. We employed untargeted chemical analysis along with biological information to probe the transformation of crude oil WSF in seawater, in the absence of light, in a laboratory experiment. Over a 14-day incubation, microbes transformed WSF into various metabolic intermediates, without significantly altering the dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Microbial transformation processes increased the chemical diversity and overall oxygen content of WSF compounds, concomitant with an increase in dioxygenase gene abundances. While the majority of metabolites formed from the transformation of WSF could not be structurally identified with existing databases, elemental formulas suggest that many of these compounds could be oxidation products of water-soluble non-polar compounds such as PAHs. In particular, metabolites with three oxygen atoms may represent a key transition point for WSF degradation. One such compound, salicylic acid, likely provides a route for complete WSF remineralization, as it is labile to non-oil degrading marine bacteria. The environmental persistence and toxicity of WSF metabolic products are still unknown, but results from this study provide a framework for further exploration of the fate of WSF in marine ecosystems.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "metabolomics" }, { "word": "metagenomics" }, { "word": "Oil Spill" }, { "word": "Water-soluble fraction" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-16T00:35:42Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-18T17:10:48Z", "date_published": "2019-06-18T17:10:48Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00316", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/xmv7e", "authors": [ { "pk": 1038, "first_name": "Yina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6774, "first_name": "Helen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "White", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 181, "first_name": "Rachel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Simister", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9088, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Waite", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9890, "first_name": "Shelby", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lyons", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10472, "first_name": "Elizabeth", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kujawinski", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Biogeochemistry" }, { "name": "Chemistry" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Chemistry" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Life Sciences" }, { "name": "Microbiology" }, { "name": "Oceanography" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Oil, Gas, and Energy" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "ESC_WSF_02072020_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/840/download/1857/" }, { "original_filename": "ESC_WSF_02072020_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/840/download/1858/" }, { "original_filename": "Liu_et_al_Metabolomics_WSF_MS_06152019.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/840/download/1859/" }, { "original_filename": "Liu_et_al_Metabolomics_WSF_MS_06152019.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/840/download/1860/" }, { "original_filename": "Liu_et_al_Metabolomics_WSF_MS_06152019.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/840/download/1861/" }, { "original_filename": "Liu_et_al_Metabolomics_WSF_MS_06152019.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/840/download/1862/" }, { "original_filename": "Liu_et_al_Metabolomics_WSF_MS_06152019.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/840/download/1863/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/x45ef", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 966, "title": "The flow of fresh groundwater and solutes to the world’s oceans and coastal ecosystems", "abstract": "The flow of fresh groundwater towards the world oceans may provide substantial inputs of nutrients and solutes to the oceans. Here we present a spatially resolved global model of coastal groundwater discharge to show that the contribution of fresh groundwater is lower than most previous estimates and accounts for only ~0.6% of the freshwater input and ~2% of the solute input to the oceans. However, the coastal discharge of fresh groundwater displays a high spatial variability and for an estimated 20% of the world’s estuaries, salt marshes and coral reefs the flux of terrestrial groundwater is high enough to pose a risk for pollution and eutrophication. Coastal groundwater discharge constitutes a diffuse and largely unmonitored source of nutrients which given the slow rates of groundwater flow may continue to pose a pollution risk for vulnerable coastal ecosystems long after sources of pollution have been addressed.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "groundwater" }, { "word": "submarine groundwater discharge" }, { "word": "eutrophication" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-03-29T15:57:41Z", "date_accepted": "2019-03-31T10:21:53Z", "date_published": "2019-03-31T10:21:53Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15064-8", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/sw8r4", "authors": [ { "pk": 4077, "first_name": "Elco", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Luijendijk", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0003-4140-2455" }, { "pk": 4102, "first_name": "Tom", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gleeson", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-9493-7707" }, { "pk": 1127, "first_name": "Nils", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Moosdorf", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Oceanography" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Luijendijk_et_al_Fresh_groundwater_to_oceans_28mar2019_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/966/download/2162/" }, { "original_filename": "Luijendijk_et_al_Fresh_groundwater_to_oceans_28mar2019_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/966/download/2163/" }, { "original_filename": "Luijendijk_et_al_Fresh_groundwater_to_oceans_28mar2019_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/966/download/2164/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.907641", "label": "Supplementary File" } ] }, { "pk": 841, "title": "Tracing the migration of mantle CO2 in gas fields and mineral water springs in south-east Australia using noble gas and stable isotopes", "abstract": "Geochemical monitoring of CO2 storage requires understanding of both innate and introduced fluids in the crust as well as the subsurface processes that can change the geochemical fingerprint of CO2 during injection, storage and any subsequent migration. Here, we analyse a natural analogue of CO2 storage, migration and leakage to the atmosphere, using noble gas and stable isotopes to constrain the effect of these processes on the geochemical fingerprint of the CO2. We present the most comprehensive evidence to date for mantle-sourced CO2 in south-east Australia, including well gas and CO2-rich mineral spring samples from the Otway Basin and Central Victorian Highlands (CVH). 3He/4He ratios in well gases and CO2 springs range from 1.21 to 3.07 RA and 1.23 – 3.65 RC/RA, respectively. We present chemical fractionation models to explain the observed range of 3He/4He ratios, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe concentrations and δ13C(CO2) values in the springs and the well gases. The variability of 3He/4He in the well gases is controlled by the gas residence time in the reservoir and associated radiogenic 4He accumulation. 3He/4He in CO2 springs decrease away from the main mantle fluid supply conduit. We identify one main pathway for CO2 supply to the surface in the CVH, located near a major fault zone. A new solubility fractionation model, describing noble gas partitioning between water and gas at the shallow surface during bubble formation, is proposed to explain the range in noble gas concentrations and δ13C(CO2) values measured in the mineral spring samples. This process is also responsible for low 3He concentrations and associated high CO2/3He, which are commonly interpreted as evidence for mixing with crustal CO2. The elevated CO2/3He can be explained solely by solubility fractionation without the need to invoke other CO2 sources. The noble gases in the springs and well gases can be traced back to a single end-member which has suffered varying degrees of radiogenic helium accumulation and late stage degassing. This work shows that combined stable and noble gas isotopes in natural gases provide a robust tool for identifying the migration of injected CO2 to the shallow subsurface.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "CO2 storage" }, { "word": "CO2 springs" }, { "word": "geochemical tracing" }, { "word": "helium" }, { "word": "mantle CO2" }, { "word": "noble gases" }, { "word": "Otway Basin" }, { "word": "stable isotopes" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-15T14:16:52Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-18T17:14:51Z", "date_published": "2019-06-18T17:14:51Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.06.002", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/d4kh8", "authors": [ { "pk": 12497, "first_name": "Ruta", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Karolyte", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 458, "first_name": "Gareth", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Johnson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8037, "first_name": "Domokos", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gyore", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9110, "first_name": "Sascha", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Serno", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1039, "first_name": "Stephanie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Flude", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10483, "first_name": "Finlay", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Stuart", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10883, "first_name": "Allan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chivas", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8786, "first_name": "Adrian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Boyce", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7372, "first_name": "Stuart", "middle_name": "M. V.", "last_name": "Gilfillan", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-1929-2843" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Springs manuscript for submission PREPRINT.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/841/download/1864/" }, { "original_filename": "Springs manuscript for submission PREPRINT.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/841/download/1865/" }, { "original_filename": "Springs manuscript for submission PREPRINT.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/841/download/1866/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 842, "title": "Optimizing Regional Climate Model Output for Hydro-Climate Applications in the Eastern Nile Basin", "abstract": "This study focuses on the Eastern Nile (EN) Basin, most of whose water flows into the High Aswan Dam (HAD), Egypt. It is, therefore, crucial to have an accurate hydrological assessment overtime to plan water resource management in the area. With complex topography, it is important to capture most of the physics captured with the least bias in meteorological information. Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was configured for a nested domain centered over the EN basin with a parent domain defined over the larger Middle East–North Africa (MENA) region at 0.09 degrees and 0.44 degrees spatial resolution, respectively. The bias correction of the model is performed with associated meteorological parameters. WRF physics parameterization sensitivity experiments were carried out to select an optimum combination of physics schemes. The model skill was also examined by downscaling the ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset from 1980 to 2009 over the EN basin domain. The WRF performance was assessed using gridded observational datasets for precipitation and temperature output. The results revealed significant positive precipitation bias, especially over the highlands. The bias-corrected precipitation data is coupled to the semi-distributed hydrological rainfall-runoff—Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)—model, previously configured for the Baro-Akobo-Sobat sub-basin. The simulated flow hydrograph based on bias-corrected WRF simulations enhanced high correlations and Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficients (from 0.61 to 0.79) for the observed flow hydrographs, hence improved hydrologic simulations. Results indicated that the bias-corrected precipitation fields from WRF can contribute to improved hydrological impact assessments.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "bias correction" }, { "word": "WRF" }, { "word": "Dynamic downscaling" }, { "word": "Eastern Nile Basin" }, { "word": "Precipitation patterns" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-12T16:17:28Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-18T17:16:20Z", "date_published": "2019-06-18T17:16:20Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-021-00222-9", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/fx7aw", "authors": [ { "pk": 4092, "first_name": "Mahmoud", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Osman", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-7677-2926" }, { "pk": 1041, "first_name": "George", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zittis", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8077, "first_name": "Mohammed", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "AbouElHaggag", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9146, "first_name": "Ahmad", "middle_name": "W.", "last_name": "Abdeldayem", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9939, "first_name": "Jos", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lelieveld", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Mahmoud_Osman_MS_Manuscript_0218_Main Doc W Figs and Title.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/842/download/1867/" }, { "original_filename": "Mahmoud_Osman_MS_Manuscript_0218_Main Doc W Figs and Title.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/842/download/1868/" }, { "original_filename": "Osman2021_Article_OptimizingRegionalClimateModel.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/842/download/6197/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 843, "title": "Stepwise chemical abrasion–isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry with trace element analysis of microfractured Hadean zircon", "abstract": "The Hadean Jack Hills zircons represent the oldest known terrestrial material, providing a unique and truly direct record of Hadean Earth history. This zircon population has been extensively studied via high spatial resolution, high throughput in situ isotopic and elemental analysis techniques such as secondary ionization mass spectrometry (SIMS), but not by comparatively destructive, high-temporal-precision (< 0.05 % two-sigma) thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). In order to better understand the lead loss and alteration history of terrestrial Hadean zircons, we conduct stepwise chemical abrasion isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry with trace element analysis (CA-ID-TIMS-TEA) on manually microfractured Hadean Jack Hills zircon fragments previously dated by SIMS. We conducted three successive HF leaching steps on each individual zircon fragment, followed by column chromatography to isolate U-Pb and trace element fractions. Following isotopic and elemental analysis, the result is an independent age and trace element composition for each leachate of each zircon fragment. We observe ~50 Myr of age heterogeneity in concordant residues from a single zircon grain, along with a protracted history of post-Hadean Pb-loss with at least two modes circa ~0 and 2–4 Ga. Meanwhile, step-wise leachate trace element chemistry reveals enrichments of light rare earth elements, uranium, thorium, and radiogenic lead in early leached domains relative to the zircon residue. In addition to confirming the efficacy of the LREE-I alteration index and providing new insight into the mechanism of chemical abrasion, the interpretation and reconciliation of these results suggests that Pb-loss is largely driven by low-temperature aqueous recrystallization, and that regional thermal events may act to halt – not initiate – Pb-loss from metamict domains in the Hadean Jack Hills zircons.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Geochronology" }, { "word": "Hadean" }, { "word": "Zircon" }, { "word": "Jack Hills" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-11T23:15:42Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-16T13:19:59Z", "date_published": "2019-06-16T13:19:59Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-1-85-2019", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/gzr43", "authors": [ { "pk": 6010, "first_name": "C.", "middle_name": "Brenhin", "last_name": "Keller", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-7400-9428" }, { "pk": 1042, "first_name": "Patrick", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Boehnke", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5658, "first_name": "Blair", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schoene", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6521, "first_name": "T.", "middle_name": "Mark", "last_name": "Harrison", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "KBSH2019Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/843/download/1869/" }, { "original_filename": "KBSH2019Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/843/download/1870/" }, { "original_filename": "KBSH2019Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/843/download/1871/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/avdqh", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 844, "title": "Technical note: Limitations on the use of space borne differential SAR interferometry for systematic monitoring and failure forecast of alpine landslides", "abstract": "Recent advances on satellite geodesy have boosted our capabilities to map and monitor landslides globally with unprecedented resolutions. In this scenario, differential interferometry of space borne synthetic aperture radar imagery (DInSAR) plays a major role in identifying surface displacements associated to slope instabilities and in monitoring their spatial and temporal evolution. However, this technique involves a number of constraints to consider when approaching systematic and/or operational monitoring of landslides. The main focus of this technical note is on the effects of DInSAR temporal phase aliasing when analyzing accelerating slope deformation in alpine scenarios. First, a general framework considering the currently available satellites for DInSAR investigations is postulated. Secondly, a specific example of a recently accelerating slope deformation is discussed. The goal of this work is to provide insights to scientists and practitioners on the application of multitemporal space borne DInSAR in systematic and/or automatic monitoring frameworks, potentially involving early warning applications both at local slopes and/or regional scales.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. 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(2018) analyses the GPS time series from seventeen stations located inside and in the neighboring of the L’Aquila intermountain basin. The authors suggest that the observed movements are due to regional hydrological processes likely associated with multi-annual climatic variations. The analysis performed by Devoti et al. (2018) contains an issue in the GPS-InSar comparison that invalidates their conclusions. Moreover, the model contains geological and hydrogeological inconsistencies that make the analysis not robust. 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See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "GPS" }, { "word": "InSAR" }, { "word": "groundwater" }, { "word": "Preseismic" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-03-25T13:41:15Z", "date_accepted": "2019-03-28T16:01:21Z", "date_published": "2019-03-28T16:01:21Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/tqm6a", "authors": [ { "pk": 5636, "first_name": "Marco", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Moro", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5588, "first_name": "Michele", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Saroli", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8100, "first_name": "Christian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bignami", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1126, "first_name": "Matteo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Albano", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9956, "first_name": "Emanuela", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Falcucci", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10508, "first_name": "Stefano", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gori", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Comment.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/972/download/2173/" }, { "original_filename": "Comment.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/972/download/2174/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 845, "title": "Gravitational field calculation in spherical coordinates using variable densities in depth", "abstract": "We present a new methodology to compute the gravitational fields generated by tesseroids (spherical prisms) whose density varies with depth according to an arbitrary continuous function. It approximates the gravitational fields through the Gauss-Legendre Quadrature along with two discretization algorithms that automatically control its accuracy by adaptively dividing the tesseroid into smaller ones. The first one is a preexisting two dimensional adaptive discretization algorithm that reduces the errors due to the distance between the tesseroid and the computation point. The second is a new density-based discretization algorithm that decreases the errors introduced by the variation of the density function with depth. The amount of divisions made by each algorithm is indirectly controlled by two parameters: the distance-size ratio and the delta ratio. We have obtained analytical solutions for a spherical shell with radially variable density and compared them to the results of the numerical model for linear, exponential, and sinusoidal density functions. The heavily oscillating density functions are intended only to test the algorithm to its limits and not to emulate a real world case. These comparisons allowed us to obtain optimal values for the distance-size and delta ratios that yield an accuracy of 0.1% of the analytical solutions. The resulting optimal values of distance-size ratio for the gravitational potential and its gradient are 1 and 2.5, respectively. The density-based discretization algorithm produces no discretizations in the linear density case, but a delta ratio of 0.1 is needed for the exponential and most sinusoidal density functions. These values can be extrapolated to cover most common use cases, which are simpler than oscillating density profiles. However, the distance-size and delta ratios can be configured by the user to increase the accuracy of the results at the expense of computational speed. Lastly, we apply this new methodology to model the Neuquén Basin, a foreland basin in Argentina with a maximum depth of over 5000 m, using an exponential density function.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "python" }, { "word": "open source" }, { "word": "Gravitational fields" }, { "word": "Sedimentary Basin" }, { "word": "Tesseroids" }, { "word": "Variable Density" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-11T13:09:34Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-12T12:48:50Z", "date_published": "2019-06-12T12:48:50Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz277", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/3548g", "authors": [ { "pk": 2164, "first_name": "Santiago", "middle_name": "Rubén", "last_name": "Soler", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0000-0001-9202-5317" }, { "pk": 1045, "first_name": "Agustina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pesce", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8124, "first_name": "Mario", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Gimenez", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1561, "first_name": "Leonardo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Uieda", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-6123-9515" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "paper-tesseroid-variable-density.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/845/download/1873/" }, { "original_filename": "paper-tesseroid-variable-density.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/845/download/1874/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 846, "title": "Evaluating the relationship between the area and latitude of large igneous provinces and Earth’s long-term climate state", "abstract": "One of the hypothesized effects of large igneous provinces (LIPs) is planetary cooling on million-year timescales associated with enhanced silicate weathering of the freshly-emplaced basalt. This study combines reconstructions of the original surface extent and emplacement ages of LIPs, a paleogeographic model, and a parameterization of LIP erosion to estimate LIP area in all latitudinal bands through the Phanerozoic. This analysis reveals no significant correlation between total LIP area, nor LIP area in the tropics, and the extent of continental ice sheets. The largest peaks in tropical LIP area are at times of non-glacial climate. These results suggest that changes in planetary weatherability associated with LIPs are not the fundamental control on whether Earth is in a glacial or non-glacial climate, although they could provide a secondary modulating effect in conjunction with other processes.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "weathering" }, { "word": "climate" }, { "word": "Snowball Earth" }, { "word": "Large Igneous Province" }, { "word": "ice age" }, { "word": "weatherability" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-10T20:48:07Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-12T12:51:14Z", "date_published": "2019-06-12T12:51:14Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/p9ndf", "authors": [ { "pk": 1047, "first_name": "Yuem", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Park", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4851, "first_name": "Nicholas", "middle_name": "L", "last_name": "Swanson-Hysell", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0003-3215-4648" }, { "pk": 6128, "first_name": "Francis", "middle_name": "A", "last_name": "Macdonald", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9189, "first_name": "Lorraine", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lisiecki", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/846/download/1875/" }, { "original_filename": "Manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/846/download/1876/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 847, "title": "Modification of fumarolic gases by the ice-covered edifice of Erebus volcano, Antarctica", "abstract": "The chemistry of gases measured in ice caves and from warm geothermal ground at Erebus volcano, Antarctica, show that gas emissions are dominated by air, with varying amounts of added volcanic CO2. This suggests widespread circulation of air through the volcanic edifice, as well as spatially or temporally varying contributions from magmatic degassing. \nThe resulting gases are further modified by two processes. The first is CO2 dissolution in water, resulting in fractionation from magmatic δ 13C-CO2 values, which are estimated to be around -4‰, to heavier values, up to -1‰. Assuming all magmatic CO2 is dissolved in neutral water as HCO3-, this requires hydrothermal temperatures of over 120oC. However, other phases such as calcite may be present, likely implying even higher temperatures, while lower water pH values could result in similar isotope ratios at much lower temperatures, such as 60oC at pH of 5.3. A large proportion of magmatic CO2 must be lost to this hydrothermal system or to mixing with air. The hydrothermal influence is localized to certain areas on the volcano, which may be associated with high velocity zones identified in previous studies by seismic tomography. Two sites with stronger magmatic signatures, by contrast, are above low velocity zones representing possible shallow magma storage. \nThe second modification is the removal of oxygen from both deeply-sourced and air-derived gases. This is likely due to prevailing conditions in the subsurface, as it is independent of the original source of the gases and of hydrothermal modifications, and thus may affect sites with magmatic, air-like, or hydrothermal signatures.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "carbon dioxide" }, { "word": "Erebus volcano" }, { "word": "Fumarolic ice caves" }, { "word": "volcanic degassing" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-07T11:15:25Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-07T15:06:14Z", "date_published": "2019-06-07T15:06:14Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.05.017", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/jsc25", "authors": [ { "pk": 483, "first_name": "Tehnuka", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ilanko", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 21353, "first_name": "Tobias", "middle_name": "P", "last_name": "Fischer", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8173, "first_name": "Philip", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kyle", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9210, "first_name": "Aaron", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Curtis", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9994, "first_name": "Hyunwoo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lee", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10537, "first_name": "Yuji", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sano", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Volcanology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Preprint_Erebus_hydrothermal_28Jan2018.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/847/download/1877/" }, { "original_filename": "Preprint_Erebus_hydrothermal_28Jan2018.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/847/download/1878/" }, { "original_filename": "Preprint_Erebus_hydrothermal_28Jan2018.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/847/download/1879/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/8u4bv", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 848, "title": "Distributed sensing of earthquakes and ocean-solid Earth interactions on seafloor telecom cables", "abstract": "Two thirds of the surface of our planet are covered by water and are still poorly instrumented, which has prevented the earth science community from addressing numerous key scientific questions. The potential to leverage the existing fiber optic seafloor telecom cables that criss-cross the oceans, by turning them into dense arrays of seismo-acoustic sensors, remains to be evaluated. Here, we report Distributed Acoustic Sensing measurements on a 41.5 km-long telecom cable that is deployed offshore Toulon, France. Our observations demonstrate the capability to monitor with unprecedented details the ocean-solid earth interactions from the coast to the abyssal plain, in addition to regional seismicity (e.g., a magnitude 1.9 micro-earthquake located 100 km away) with signal characteristics comparable to those of a coastal seismic station.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "earthquake" }, { "word": "Distributed acoustic sensing" }, { "word": "KM3NeT" }, { "word": "MEUST" }, { "word": "microseisms" }, { "word": "Scholte waves" }, { "word": "Seafloor instrumentation" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-06T06:15:23Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-07T12:44:52Z", "date_published": "2019-06-07T12:44:52Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13793-z", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ekrfy", "authors": [ { "pk": 588, "first_name": "Anthony", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sladen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6958, "first_name": "Diane", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rivet", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1567, "first_name": "Jean Paul", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ampuero", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-4827-7987" }, { "pk": 9227, "first_name": "Louis", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "De Barros", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10006, "first_name": "Yann", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hello", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9698, "first_name": "Gaëtan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Calbris", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10922, "first_name": "Patrick", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lamare", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Physics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "article-das-meust-natcomm.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/848/download/1880/" }, { "original_filename": "article-das-meust-natcomm.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/848/download/1881/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 849, "title": "A new method for in-situ measurement of the erosion threshold of river channels", "abstract": "The vast majority of alluvial deposits have some degree of cohesion, typically due to the presence of clays and/or organic matter. Determining the threshold fluid shear stress necessary to entrain these sediments is essential for predicting erosion rates and morphodynamics of rivers, tidal channels, and coasts. Cohesive sediments present a greater challenge than non-cohesive sand and gravel beds due to the sensitivity of the threshold fluid shear stress to such factors as compaction, aggregation and particle surface chemistry. All of those factors may be altered if bed and bank sediments are extracted for later analysis in the laboratory. Environments with mixed cohesive and non-cohesive materials are common, such as sand-bedded rivers with muddy banks; it is therefore desirable to have a method for in-situ measurement of the threshold fluid shear stress across a very wide range. We present a novel instrument, provisionally called the \"Mudbuster\", that is capable of reproducibly determining the threshold fluid shear stress for submerged cohesive and non-cohesive sediments in-situ. The Mudbuster has several advantages over alternative methods, including ease of implementation in the field, and a fluid shear that is more representative of natural flows. The device incorporates common and low-cost components integrated with an Arduino micro-controller, which may receive commands from a mobile phone. We demonstrate our instruments capabilities in gravel, sand, and clay-sand mixtures prepared in the laboratory, and present a proof-of-concept field deployment in a wadeable stream. Additionally, we provide the necessary schematics, parts lists, code, and calibration procedures for the interested reader to build their own Mudbuster.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "erodibility" }, { "word": "Cohesion" }, { "word": "Mud" }, { "word": "River Channel" }, { "word": "Threshold of Motion" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-05T02:29:49Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-05T17:53:34Z", "date_published": "2019-06-05T17:53:34Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR032407", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/rqcep", "authors": [ { "pk": 8917, "first_name": "Kieran", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dunne", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8749, "first_name": "Paulo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Arratia", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4532, "first_name": "Douglas", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Jerolmack", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4358-6999" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Mudbuster_Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/849/download/1882/" }, { "original_filename": "Mudbuster_Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/849/download/1883/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/srt6c", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 851, "title": "Active fault scarps in southern Malawi and their implications for the distribution of strain in incipient continental rifts", "abstract": "The distribution of deformation during the early stages of continental rifting is an important constraint on our understanding of continental breakup. Incipient rifting in East Africa has been considered to be dominated by slip along rift border faults, with a subsequent transition to focussed extension on axial segments in thinned crust and/or with active magmatism. Here, we study high-resolution satellite data of the Zomba Graben in southern Malawi, an amagmatic rift whose topography is dominated by the west-dipping Zomba fault. We document evidence for five sub-parallel fault scarps between 13 and 51 km long spaced ~10-15 km apart. The scarps consist of up to five segments between 4-18 km long, separated by minima in scarp height and river knickpoints. The maximum height of each fault scarp ranges from 9.5 ± 4.2 m to 35.3 ± 14.6 m, with the highest scarp measured on the intrabasin Chingale Step fault. We estimate that the scarps were formed by multiple earthquakes of up to Mw7.1, and represent a previously unrecognized seismic hazard. Our calculations show that 55 ± 24 % of extensional strain is accommodated across intrabasin faults within the ~50 km wide rift. This demonstrates that a significant proportion of displacement can occur on intrabasin faults during early stage rifting, even in thick continental lithosphere with no evidence for magmatic fluids.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Normal faults" }, { "word": "Fault growth" }, { "word": "Continental Rifting" }, { "word": "High resolution topography" }, { "word": "Strain" }, { "word": "Tectonics Geomorphology" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-04T17:01:23Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-18T17:12:34Z", "date_published": "2019-06-18T17:12:34Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019TC005834", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ujchx", "authors": [ { "pk": 555, "first_name": "Luke", "middle_name": "Nicholas John", "last_name": "Wedmore", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6361, "first_name": "Juliet", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Biggs", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 556, "first_name": "Jack", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Williams", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 557, "first_name": "Ake", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fagereng", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10452, "first_name": "Zuze", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dulanya", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9717, "first_name": "Felix", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mphepo", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8764, "first_name": "Hassan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mdala", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "revised_draft_130220.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/851/download/1887/" }, { "original_filename": "Draft_140519-submitted.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/851/download/1888/" }, { "original_filename": "Draft_140519-submitted.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/851/download/1889/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 852, "title": "Lower crustal earthquakes in the East African Rift System: Insights from frictional properties of rock samples from the Malawi rift", "abstract": "Earthquakes in the southern part of the East African Rift System (EARS) occur at depths up to 45 km in the lower crust, unusually deep for an extensional regime. Typically, earthquakes in continental crust nucleate at temperatures less than 350°C, the temperature at which crystal plastic creep in quartz becomes efficient, corresponding to a depth of ~15 km with an average continental geothermal gradient. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the deep seismicity in the EARS, including the presence of high-viscosity mafic material, an abnormally low geotherm, locally elevated strain rates, or high fluid pressures. Here, we provide frictional properties of simulated fault gouges to address the seismic behavior of felsic and mafic crystalline basement rocks from the amagmatic Malawi Rift at the southern, propagating end of the EARS. Rotary shear experiments are conducted at 100, 200, and 250 MPa effective normal stress, a fluid pressure of 100 MPa and from room temperature to 700 °C. The friction of the felsic sample (58% plagioclase) is fairly constant up until 400 °C, after which it decreases. At temperatures of 600 °C and above, the relation between shear stress and effective normal stress deviates from linearity. The friction coefficient of the mafic sample is nearly constant in the considered range of temperature and normal stress and the sample shows a linear relation between normal stress and shear stress. The mafic sample also has negative, and decreasing, (a-b) values at temperatures > 400°C. These results are consistent with earthquake nucleation in mafic material, if present, at lower crustal P-T conditions. On the other hand, the data indicate that earthquake nucleation is unlikely in felsic material at temperatures above 500 °C, unless effective normal stress is low and strain rate is elevated by several orders of magnitude.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "friction" }, { "word": "Hydrothermal" }, { "word": "experiments" }, { "word": "East African Rift" }, { "word": "felsic rocks" }, { "word": "mafic rocks" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-03T20:32:18Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-05T17:47:54Z", "date_published": "2019-06-05T17:47:54Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2019.228167", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/nu7rq", "authors": [ { "pk": 5681, "first_name": "Nina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hellebrekers", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1050, "first_name": "Andre", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Niemeijer", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 557, "first_name": "Ake", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fagereng", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8295, "first_name": "Blackwell", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Manda", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9303, "first_name": "Richard", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mvula", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "EarthArXiv-all.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/852/download/1890/" }, { "original_filename": "EarthArXiv-all.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/852/download/1891/" }, { "original_filename": "EarthArXiv-all.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/852/download/1892/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/xmqh6", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 853, "title": "A Stratigraphic Approach to Inferring Depositional Ages From Detrital Geochronology Data", "abstract": "With the increasing use of detrital geochronology data for provenance analyses, we have also developed new constraints on the age of otherwise undateable sedimentary deposits. Because a deposit can be no older than its youngest mineral constituent, the youngest defensible detrital mineral age defines the maximum depositional age of the sampled bed. Defining the youngest `defensible age in the face of uncertainty (e.g., analytical and geological uncertainty, or sample contamination) is challenging. The current standard practice of finding multiple detrital minerals with indistinguishable ages provides confidence that a given age is not an artifact; however, we show how requiring this overlap reduces the probability of identifying the true youngest component age. Barring unusual complications, the principle of superposition dictates that sedimentary deposits must get younger upsection. This fundamental constraint can be incorporated into the analysis of depositional ages in sedimentary sections through the use of Bayesian statistics, allowing for the inference of bounded estimates of true depositional ages and uncertainties from detrital geochronology so long as some minimum age constraints are present. We present two approaches for constructing a Bayesian model of deposit ages, first solving directly for the ages of deposits with the prior constraint that the ages of units must obey stratigraphic ordering, and second describing the evolution of ages with a curve that represents the sediment accumulation rate. Using synthetic examples we highlight how this method preforms in less-than-ideal circumstances. In an example from the Magallanes Basin of Patagonia, we demonstrate how introducing other age information from the stratigraphic section (e.g., fossil assemblages or radiometric dates) and formalizing the stratigraphic context of samples provides additional constraints on and information regarding depositional ages or derived quantities (e.g., sediment accumulation rates) compared to isolated analysis of individual samples.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Geochronology" }, { "word": "detrital zircon" }, { "word": "detrital age" }, { "word": "maximum depositional age" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-03T17:32:23Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-04T11:15:02Z", "date_published": "2019-06-04T11:15:02Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00057", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/pm52y", "authors": [ { "pk": 1051, "first_name": "Sam", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Johnstone", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5704, "first_name": "Theresa", "middle_name": "M.", "last_name": "Schwartz", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7067, "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "S.", "last_name": "Holm-Denoma", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sedimentology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Stratigraphic_MDAs.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/853/download/1893/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 854, "title": "Physically consistent modeling of dike induced deformation and seismicity: Application to the 2014 Bárðarbunga dike, Iceland", "abstract": "Dike intrusions are often associated with surface deformation and propagating swarms of earthquakes. \nThese are understood to be manifestations of the same underlying physical process, although rarely modeled as such. We construct a physics-based model of the 2014 B\\ar{\\dh}arbunga dike, by far the best observed large dike ($> 0.5$ km$^3$) to date. We constrain the background stress state by the total dike deformation, the time-dependent dike pressure from continuous GPS and the extent of the seismic swarm, and the spatial dependence of frictional properties via the space-time evolution of seismicity. We find that the geodetic and earthquake data can be reconciled with a self-consistent set of parameters. The complex spatial and temporal evolution of the B\\ar{\\dh}arbunga seismicity can be explained by dike-induced elastic stress changes on preexisting faults, constrained by observed focal mechanisms. In particular, the model captures the segmentation of seismicity, where only the newest dike segment is seismically active. Our results indicate that many features of the seismicity result from the interplay between time-dependent magma pressure within the dike and stress memory effects. The spatial variability in seismicity requires heterogeneity in frictional properties and/or local initial stresses. Modeling suggests that the dike pressure drops during rapid advances and increases during pauses, which primarily causes the segmentation of the seismicity. Joint analysis of multiple data types could potentially lead to improved, physics-based eruption forecasts.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "rate-and-state friction" }, { "word": "Seismicity" }, { "word": "dike propagation" }, { "word": "joint inversion" }, { "word": "magmatic intrusions" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-06-01T23:09:40Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-03T13:52:47Z", "date_published": "2019-06-03T13:52:47Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB018141", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/fdv8h", "authors": [ { "pk": 1633, "first_name": "Elias", "middle_name": "Rafn", "last_name": "Heimisson", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-8342-7226" }, { "pk": 5719, "first_name": "Paul", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Segall", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Volcanology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "HeimissonSegall_2020JGR.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/854/download/1894/" }, { "original_filename": "Heimisson_and_Segall_2019_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/854/download/1895/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 1041, "title": "Decentralized Flood Forecasting Using Deep Neural Networks", "abstract": "Predicting flood for any location at times of extreme storms is a longstanding problem that has utmost importance in emergency management. Conventional methods that aim to predict water levels in streams use advanced hydrological models still lack of giving accurate forecasts everywhere. This study aims to explore artificial deep neural networks performance on flood prediction. While providing models that can be used in forecasting stream stage, this paper presents a dataset that focuses on the connectivity of data points on river networks. It also shows that neural networks can be very helpful in time-series forecasting as in flood events, and support improving existing models through data assimilation.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "machine learning" }, { "word": "Neural Networks" }, { "word": "flood forecasting" }, { "word": "flood prediction" }, { "word": "gated recurrent units" }, { "word": "stream height prediction" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-02-08T22:20:02Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-22T10:28:02Z", "date_published": "2019-06-22T10:28:02Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/e9xqr", "authors": [ { "pk": 3939, "first_name": "Muhammed", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sit", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-2707-6692" }, { "pk": 3764, "first_name": "Ibrahim", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Demir", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Life Sciences" }, { "name": "Other Life Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "mwe.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/1041/download/2322/" }, { "original_filename": "mwe.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/1041/download/2323/" }, { "original_filename": "mwe.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/1041/download/2324/" }, { "original_filename": "mwe.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/1041/download/2325/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 855, "title": "Amplified Last-Glacial-Maximum response of Chandra valley (western Himalaya) glaciers", "abstract": "Geomorphological evidence suggests a subdued response of Himalayan glaciers during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), with relatively minor advances (~10 km) reported in several glacierised valleys across the region. This supports the hypothesis that a weakened Indian summer monsoon during the LGM largely counterbalanced the effects of a colder climate on Himalayan glaciers. In contrast, a recently reported major LGM advance (>100 km) along the main trunk of Chandra valley, western Himalaya, led to an alternative hypothesis that Himalayan glaciers did respond strongly to reduced LGM temperatures, in harmony with other glacierised regions in the world. We investigate this distinctive LGM response of Chandra valley glaciers using a two-dimensional ice-flow model, to show that this massive LGM advance was driven by a relatively modest lowering of equilibrium line altitude (ELA) by ~300 m. The vigourous response of Chandra valley glaciers to the ELA perturbations was governed by their high climate sensitivity due to the gentle slope of the main trunk valley. The relatively low value of estimated ELA change in this valley compares favourably with careful estimates reported from other parts of the Himalaya, indicating a prevalent weak climate forcing of glaciers in and around the Himalaya during the LGM. (This is a preprint of an article under review in Geology)", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. 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You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "paleoclimate" }, { "word": "Himalayan glaciers" }, { "word": "Last Glacial Maximum" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-05-31T17:35:26Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-03T13:55:41Z", "date_published": "2019-06-03T13:55:41Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/2tmks", "authors": [ { "pk": 1052, "first_name": "Argha", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Banerjee", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5732, "first_name": "Ajinkya", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jadhav", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7091, "first_name": "Sneha", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Potghan", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8331, "first_name": "Disha", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Patil", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9331, "first_name": "Deepak", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Suryavanshi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Glaciology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "draft0_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/855/download/1896/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 856, "title": "Characterising Land Cover Change in Brunei Darussalam’s Capital District", "abstract": "In fast-developing regions, like Southeast-Asia, monitoring urban areas presents a challenge given the lack of publicly available data. This is an issue that precludes the nuances of a citys growth and undermines the way land-use is considered with respect to planning. The issue of data availability is very much present in the small nation of Brunei. Little is still known about the spatiotemporal evolution of its urban realm; in particular, with regard to its national development planning. The country presents an interesting case-study given the pursuit of two highly opposing master-plans within the last 40 years. Its first master-plan advocated polycentric growth away from the capital city, Bandar Seri Begawan. Its latest plan, however, currently promotes compact growth within a predefined urban footprint as a development control mechanism. This paper looks at remotely-sensed satellite-data to examine the way in which the two implemented master-plan strategies have translated into actual land-use thus far. It employs a supervised classification procedure; and characterises urban land into three typologies: urban infill, edge growth, and leapfrog growth. The papers findings suggest that residential developments play a stronger role in driving urban growth in Brunei. This is particularly true for public housing, which has typically persisted in isolated pockets of low-density at the city-fringe. This study has produced a novel data-set of urban land-use and land-cover in Brunei; and, its quantification may prove useful in understanding the impacts of master-planning and the formulation of development policies both within Brunei, and the wider Southeast-Asian region.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. 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This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "remote sensing" }, { "word": "machine learning" }, { "word": "Landsat" }, { "word": "Southeast Asia" }, { "word": "satellite imagery" }, { "word": "Brunei" }, { "word": "Land cover analysis" }, { "word": "Maximimum Likelihood Classification" }, { "word": "Urban Growth" }, { "word": "Urban Sprawl" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-05-30T23:14:49Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-03T13:54:37Z", "date_published": "2019-06-03T13:54:37Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12061-021-09429-9", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/26z37", "authors": [ { "pk": 1053, "first_name": "Matthew Kok Ming", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ng", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5758, "first_name": "Zahratu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shabrina", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7124, "first_name": "Boyana", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Buyuklieva", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Computer Sciences" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment" }, { "name": "Environmental Monitoring" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Natural Resources and Conservation" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "ASAP_Paper.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/856/download/1897/" }, { "original_filename": "ASAP_Paper (4).pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/856/download/1898/" }, { "original_filename": "ASAP_Paper (4).pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/856/download/1899/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 857, "title": "Single-Column Emulation of Reanalysis of the Northeast Pacific Marine Boundary Layer", "abstract": "An artificial neural network is trained to reproduce thermodynamic tendencies and boundary layer properties from ERA5 HIRES reanalysis data over the summertime Northeast Pacific stratocumulus to trade cumulus transition region. The network is trained prognostically using 7-day forecasts rather than using diagnosed instantaneous tendencies alone. The resulting model, Machine Assisted Reanalysis Boundary Layer Emulation (MARBLE), skillfully reproduces the boundary layer structure and cloud properties of the reanalysis data in 7-day single-column prognostic simulations over withheld testing periods. Radiative heating profiles are well-simulated, and the mean climatology and variability of the stratocumulus to cumulus transition are accurately reproduced. MARBLE more closely tracks the reanalysis than does a comparable configuration of the underlying forecast model.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.\r\n\r\n3) Grant of Source Code License. The term \"Source Code\" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the Original Work.\r\n\r\n4) Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any other intellectual property. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in Section 2. No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.\r\n\r\n5) External Deployment. The term \"External Deployment\" means the use, distribution, or communication of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).\r\n\r\n6) Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "machine learning" }, { "word": "Neural Network" }, { "word": "boundary layer" }, { "word": "emulation" }, { "word": "ERA5" }, { "word": "reanalysis" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-05-30T04:12:11Z", "date_accepted": "2019-05-30T14:37:29Z", "date_published": "2019-05-30T14:37:29Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083646", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/3bfps", "authors": [ { "pk": 3622, "first_name": "Jeremy", "middle_name": "James", "last_name": "McGibbon", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11705, "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "S.", "last_name": "Bretherton", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "854459_0_art_1_pr9209.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/857/download/1900/" }, { "original_filename": "854459_0_art_1_pr9209.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/857/download/1901/" }, { "original_filename": "854459_0_art_1_pr9209.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/857/download/1902/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 858, "title": "The 2007 Caldera Collapse of Piton de la Fournaise Volcano: Source Process from Very-Long-Period Seismic Signals", "abstract": "In April 2007, Piton de la Fournaise volcano experienced its largest caldera collapse in at least 300 years. This event consisted of a series of 48 subsidence increments characterized by very-long-period (VLP) seismic signals equivalent to Mw 4.4 to 5.4. Source analysis of VLP events suggests a piston-like mechanism with a collapsing crack source corresponding to the contraction of the magma reservoir and a single force representing the collapse of the above rock column. We show that the collapse dynamics is primarily controlled by magma withdrawal from the reservoir, which was likely in a bubbly state at the time of the event. Similar to the 2018 Kilauea collapse, we observe a reduction of the time-interval between successive subsidence increments, which results from the acceleration of magma withdrawal and a progressive weakening of the edifice at the beginning of the sequence.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Surface waves" }, { "word": "Caldera collapse" }, { "word": "Magma reservoir processes" }, { "word": "Piton de la Fournaise" }, { "word": "Single force source" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-05-29T13:22:21Z", "date_accepted": "2019-05-31T15:56:42Z", "date_published": "2019-05-31T15:56:42Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115786", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/p29s5", "authors": [ { "pk": 8597, "first_name": "Zacharie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Duputel", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5791, "first_name": "Luis", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rivera", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/858/download/1903/" }, { "original_filename": "manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/858/download/1904/" }, { "original_filename": "manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/858/download/1905/" }, { "original_filename": "manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/858/download/1906/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/mt2z4", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 859, "title": "Past and projected weather pattern persistence with associated multi-hazards in the British Isles", "abstract": "Hazards such as heatwaves, droughts and floods are often associated with persistent weather patterns. Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) are important tools for evaluating projected changes in extreme weather. Here, we demonstrate that 2-day weather pattern persistence, derived from the Lamb Weather Types (LWTs) objective scheme, is a useful concept for both investigating climate risks from multi-hazard events as well as for assessing AOGCM realism. This study evaluates the ability of a Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) multi-model sub-ensemble of 10 AOGCMs at reproducing seasonal LWTs persistence and frequencies over the British Isles (BI). Changes in persistence are investigated under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP8.5 and RCP4.5) up to 2100. The ensemble broadly replicates historical LWTs persistence observed in reanalyses (1971–2000). Future persistence and frequency of summer anticyclonic LWT are found to increase, implying heightened risk of drought and heatwaves. On the other hand, the cyclonic LWT decreases in autumn suggesting reduced likelihood of flooding and severe gales. During winter, AOGCMs point to increased risk of concurrent fluvial flooding-wind hazards by 2100, however, they also tend to over-estimate such risks when compared to reanalyses. In summer, the strength of the nocturnal Urban Heat Island (UHI) of London could intensify, enhancing the likelihood of combined heatwave-poor air quality events. Further research is needed to explore other multi-hazards in relation to changing weather pattern persistence and how best to communicate such threats to vulnerable communities.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "CMIP5" }, { "word": "Urban Heat Island" }, { "word": "Multi-Hazards" }, { "word": "LWTs" }, { "word": "persistence" }, { "word": "RCPs" }, { "word": "weather and climate extremes" }, { "word": "weather patterns" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-05-29T12:49:34Z", "date_accepted": "2019-05-30T14:48:27Z", "date_published": "2019-05-30T14:48:27Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100577", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ghuzv", "authors": [ { "pk": 4031, "first_name": "Paolo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "De Luca", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5809, "first_name": "Colin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Harpham", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6091, "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "L.", "last_name": "Wilby", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3607, "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hillier", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9372, "first_name": "Christian", "middle_name": "L. E.", "last_name": "Franzke", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10113, "first_name": "Gregor", "middle_name": "C.", "last_name": "Leckebusch", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" }, { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Meteorology" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "De_Luca_et_al_LWTs.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/859/download/1907/" }, { "original_filename": "De_Luca_et_al_LWTs.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/859/download/1908/" }, { "original_filename": "De_Luca_et_al_LWTs.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/859/download/1909/" }, { "original_filename": "De_Luca_et_al_LWTs.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/859/download/1910/" }, { "original_filename": "De_Luca_et_al_LWTs.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/859/download/1911/" }, { "original_filename": "De_Luca_et_al_LWTs.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/859/download/1912/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/zsf9x", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 860, "title": "A shallow earthquake swarm close to hydrocarbon activities: discriminating between natural and induced causes for the 2018–19 Surrey, UK earthquake sequence", "abstract": "Earthquakes induced by subsurface industrial activities are a globally emotive issue, with a growing catalogue of induced earthquake sequences. However, attempts at discriminating between natural and induced causes, particularly for anomalously shallow seismicity, can be challenging. An earthquake swarm during 2018–19 in south-east England with a maximum magnitude of ML 3.2 received great public and media attention because of its proximity to operating oilfields. It is therefore vital and timely to provide a detailed characterisation of the earthquake sequence at present, and to decide based on current evidence, whether the earthquakes were likely natural or induced. We detected 168 low-magnitude earthquakes and computed detailed source parameters of these events. Most earthquakes occurred at a shallow depth of 2.3 km, >1 km deeper than the geological formations targeted by the oilfields, and laterally >3 km away from the drill-sites. We combine the east-west trending cluster of the seismicity with 2-D seismic reflection profiles to find the causative fault system for the earthquakes. A b-value close to unity and strike-slip faulting mechanisms are consistent with tectonic reactivation along a pre-existing fault. Overall, we find no indicators in the earthquake parameters that would strongly suggest an induced source. Nor do we find any clear trends between seismicity and drilling activities based on operational logs provided by the operators. Injected volumes are near-zero and monthly production amounts are many orders of magnitude smaller than other reported cases of extraction-induced seismicity. On balance, and based on the available evidence, we find it currently unlikely that nearby industrial activities induced the seismic swarm. Most likely, the Surrey earthquakes offer a uniquely detailed insight into shallow seismicity within sedimentary basins. Nevertheless, self-reporting of injection and production times and volumes by operators, and the lack of easily- and publicly-available oilfield operational data continues to be a point of concern for local residents.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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My research explores the consequences of this size difference. Because larger CaCO3 shells sink faster and dissolve more slowly than smaller CaCO3 shells, larger glacial shells underwent less dissolution than smaller interglacial shells. The resulting CaCO3 transport efficiency increase, coupled with observations that CaCO3 delivery to deep-ocean sediments remained about the same between glacial and interglacial times, implies that glacial production of CaCO3 in the mixed layer decreased by ~45%. This decrease helps explain why CO2 levels were lower and why atmospheric radiocarbon levels were higher during glacial times. This research also explores the decrease in CaCO3 transport efficiency caused by ocean acidification. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "ocean acidification" }, { "word": "climate change" }, { "word": "carbon dioxide" }, { "word": "paleoclimate" }, { "word": "calcite" }, { "word": "diatoms" }, { "word": "ice age" }, { "word": "biological pump" }, { "word": "calcium carbonate" }, { "word": "calcium carbonate transition zone" }, { "word": "CCD" }, { "word": "coccolithophores" }, { "word": "forams" }, { "word": "glacial cycles" }, { "word": "glacial/interglacial transition" }, { "word": "iron fertilization" }, { "word": "lysocline" }, { "word": "paleoceanography" }, { "word": "paleo-missing sink" }, { "word": "pCO2" }, { "word": "radiocarbon" }, { "word": "silica" }, { "word": "silica hypothesis" }, { "word": "silica-leakage hypothesis" }, { "word": "soft-tissue pump" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-05-28T17:01:22Z", "date_accepted": "2019-05-31T15:58:56Z", "date_published": "2019-05-31T15:58:56Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/arv8m", "authors": [ { "pk": 1574, "first_name": "Kevin", "middle_name": "Geyer", "last_name": "Harrison", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-6921-7203" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Biogeochemistry" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "GlacialExpressHarrison.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/861/download/1918/" }, { "original_filename": "GlacialExpressHarrison.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/861/download/1919/" }, { "original_filename": "GlacialExpressHarrison.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/861/download/1920/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 862, "title": "How erosive are submarine landslides?", "abstract": "Submarine landslides (slides) are ubiquitous on continental margins. They can pose a major hazard by triggering tsunami and damaging essential submarine infrastructure. Slide volume, which is a key parameter in hazard assessment, can change after initiation through substrate and/or water entrainment. However, the erosive capacity of slides is uncertain. Here, we quantify slide erosivity by determining the ratio of deposited (Vd) to initially evacuated (Ve) sediment volumes. Slides that gain volume through erosion = Vd/Ve>1. We apply this method to a large (500 km3), seismically imaged slide offshore NW Australia, and review Vd/Ve ratios for other large slides worldwide. Nine of the 11 slides have Vd/Ve>1 (median value=2), showing that emplaced volumes increased after initial failure. The Gorgon Slide is the most erosive slide currently documented (Vd/Ve=13), possibly reflecting its passage across a highly erodible carbonate ooze substrate. This new approach to quantifying erosion is important for hazard assessments as substrate-flow interactions control slide speed and run-out distance. The variations in slide volume also have important implications for submarine infrastructure impact assessments, including more robust tsunami modelling.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "seismic reflection" }, { "word": "submarine landslides" }, { "word": "sedimentology" }, { "word": "carbonate landslide" }, { "word": "erosivity" }, { "word": "geohazards assessment" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-05-28T12:07:45Z", "date_accepted": "2019-05-30T14:50:35Z", "date_published": "2019-05-30T14:50:35Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1130/G50164.1", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/cpx9e", "authors": [ { "pk": 4105, "first_name": "Harya", "middle_name": "Dwi", "last_name": "Nugraha", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-6099-7947" }, { "pk": 1573, "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "Aiden-Lee", "last_name": "Jackson", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8592-9032" }, { "pk": 8280, "first_name": "Howard", "middle_name": "D.", "last_name": "Johnson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3603, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hodgson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5225, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "Andrew", "last_name": "Clare", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sedimentology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Draft_Nugraha et al._for Geology.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/862/download/1921/" }, { "original_filename": "Draft_Nugraha et al._for Geology.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/862/download/1922/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/pz3xg", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 863, "title": "Creep on seismogenic faults: Insights from analogue earthquake experiments", "abstract": "Tectonic faults display a range of slip behaviors including continuous and episodic slip covering rates of more than 10 orders of magnitude (m/s). The physical control of such kinematic observations remains ambiguous. To gain insight into the slip behavior of brittle faults we performed laboratory stick-slip experiments using a rock analogue, granular material. We realized conditions under which our seismogenic fault analogue shows a variety of slip behaviors ranging from slow, quasi continuous creep to episodic slow slip to dynamic rupture controlled by a limited number of parameters. We explore a wide parameter space by varying loading rate from those corresponding to interseismic to postseismic rates and normal loads equivalent to hydrostatic to lithostatic conditions at seismogenic depth. The experiments demonstrate that significant interseismic creep and earthquakes may not be mutually exclusive phenomena and that creep signals vary systematically with the fault’s seismic potential. Accordingly, the transience of interseismic creep scales with fault strength and seismic coupling as well as with the maturity of the seismic cycle. Loading rate independence of creep signals suggests that mechanical properties of faults (e.g. seismic coupling) can be inferred from shortterm observations (e.g. aftershock sequences). Moreover, we observe the number and size of small episodic slip events to systematically increase towards the end of the seismic cycle providing an observable proxy of the relative shear stress state on seismogenic faults. Modelling the data suggest that for very weak faults in a late stage of their seismic cycle, the observed creep systematics may lead to the chimera of a perennially creeping fault releasing stress by continuous creep and/or transient slow slip instead of large earthquakes.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "friction" }, { "word": "Megathrust" }, { "word": "Earthquakes" }, { "word": "subduction" }, { "word": "faults" }, { "word": "precursors" }, { "word": "aseismic creep" }, { "word": "granular materials" }, { "word": "locking" }, { "word": "transients" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-05-28T08:52:34Z", "date_accepted": "2019-05-30T14:47:54Z", "date_published": "2019-05-30T14:47:54Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/24u5h", "authors": [ { "pk": 1623, "first_name": "Matthias", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rosenau", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4204, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rudolf", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-5077-5221" }, { "pk": 7254, "first_name": "Onno", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Oncken", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Rosenau_et_al_Creep_on_seismogenic_faults.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/863/download/1923/" }, { "original_filename": "Rosenau_et_al_Creep_on_seismogenic_faults.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/863/download/1924/" }, { "original_filename": "Rosenau_et_al_Creep_on_seismogenic_faults.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/863/download/1925/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 864, "title": "Slab Rollback Orogeny model for the evolution of the Central Alps: Seismo-Thermo-Mechanical test", "abstract": "Forces associated with subduction of cold and dense oceanic plates control the motions and deformations of convergent margins. However, how these forces sustain mountain building processes — especially after slab breakoff — is still poorly known. Here we investigate this conundrum by performing 2-D, visco-elasto-plastic, seismo-thermo-mechanical numerical modeling, which simulates both tectonic and seismicity processes in a subduction and continental collision setting. Results reproduce the self-driven stages of subduction, continental collision, and spontaneous slab breakoff. The subsequent evolution of the orogen shows how slow, but persistent, flexural bending of post-breakoff residual slab and crustal delamination control the post-collisional evolution of the orogen. This so-called Slab Rollback Orogeny model leads to bending-related slab suction, nappe stacking of the crustal root, widening of the orogen, and a seismicity pattern consistent with the different tectonic regimes throughout the orogen. Our results provide an explanation for the post-collisional evolution of the Central Alps and its current seismicity.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Geodynamics" }, { "word": "mountain building" }, { "word": "Earthquakes" }, { "word": "subduction" }, { "word": "Central Alps" }, { "word": "Numerical Model" }, { "word": "Orogeny" }, { "word": "Slab Rollback Orogeny Model" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-05-27T23:10:16Z", "date_accepted": "2019-05-30T14:47:29Z", "date_published": "2019-05-30T14:47:29Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/2fwhj", "authors": [ { "pk": 10425, "first_name": "Luca", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dal Zilio", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5938, "first_name": "Edi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kissling", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9266, "first_name": "Taras", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gerya", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8468, "first_name": "Ylona", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "van Dinther", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "PrePrint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/864/download/1926/" }, { "original_filename": "Dal Zilio Luca PrePrint Slab Rollback Orogeny Model.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/864/download/1927/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/v5udg", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 865, "title": "Concurrent wet and dry hydrological extremes at the global scale", "abstract": "Multi-hazard events can be associated with larger socio-economic impacts than single-hazard events. Understanding the spatio-temporal interactions that characterise the former is, therefore, of relevance to disaster risk reduction measures. Here, we consider two high-impact hazards, namely wet and dry hydrological extremes, and quantify their global co-occurrence. We define these using the monthly self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index based on the Penman-Monteith model (sc_PDSI_pm), covering the period 1950-2014, at 2.5° horizontal resolution. We find that the land areas affected by extreme wet, dry and wet-dry events (i.e. geographically remote, yet temporally co-occurring wet or dry extremes) are all increasing with time, of which trends in dry and wet-dry episodes are significant (p-value <<0.01). The most geographically widespread wet-dry event was associated with the strong La Niña in 2010. This caused wet-dry anomalies across a land area of 21 million km2 with documented high-impact flooding and drought episodes spanning diverse regions. To further elucidate the interplay of wet and dry extremes at a grid-cell scale, we introduce two new metrics: the wet-dry (WD) ratio and the extreme transition (ET) time intervals. The WD-ratio measures the relative occurrence of wet or dry extremes, whereas ET quantifies the average separation time of hydrological extremes with opposite signs. The WD-ratio shows that the incidence of wet extremes dominates over dry extremes in the USA, northern and southern South America, northern Europe, north Africa, western China and most of Australia. Conversely, dry extremes are more prominent in most of the remaining regions. The median ET for wet to dry is ~27 months, while the dry to wet median ET is 21 months. We also evaluate correlations between wet-dry hydrological extremes and leading modes of climate variability, namely the: El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO). We find that ENSO and PDO have a similar influence globally, with the former significantly impacting (p-value <0.05) a larger area (18.1% of total sc_PDSI_pm area) compared to the latter (12.0%), whereas the AMO shows an almost inverse pattern, and significantly impacts the largest area overall (18.9%). ENSO and PDO show most significant correlations over northern South America, central and western USA, the middle-East, eastern Russia and eastern Australia. On the other hand, the AMO shows significant associations over Mexico, Brazil, central Africa, the Arabic peninsula, China and eastern Russia. Our analysis brings new insights on hydrological multi-hazards that are of relevance to governments and organisations with globally distributed interests. Specifically, the multi-hazard maps may be used to evaluate worst-case disaster scenarios considering the potential co-occurrence of wet and dry hydrological extremes.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "drought" }, { "word": "flood" }, { "word": "Multi-Hazards" }, { "word": "climate indices" }, { "word": "hydrological extremes" }, { "word": "impacts" }, { "word": "metrics" }, { "word": "PDSI" }, { "word": "wet-dry" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-05-27T14:36:06Z", "date_accepted": "2019-05-30T14:48:12Z", "date_published": "2019-05-30T14:48:12Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-251-2020", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/bn9ph", "authors": [ { "pk": 4031, "first_name": "Paolo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "De Luca", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5959, "first_name": "Gabriele", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Messori", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6091, "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "L.", "last_name": "Wilby", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 998, "first_name": "Maurizio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mazzoleni", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9448, "first_name": "Giuliano", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Di Baldassarre", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Meteorology" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "De_Luca_et_al.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/865/download/1928/" }, { "original_filename": "De_Luca_et_al.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/865/download/1929/" }, { "original_filename": "De_Luca_et_al.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/865/download/1930/" }, { "original_filename": "De_Luca_et_al.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/865/download/1931/" }, { "original_filename": "De_Luca_et_al.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/865/download/1932/" }, { "original_filename": "De_Luca_et_al.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/865/download/1933/" }, { "original_filename": "De_Luca_et_al.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/865/download/1934/" }, { "original_filename": "De_Luca_et_al.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/865/download/1935/" }, { "original_filename": "De_Luca_et_al.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/865/download/1936/" }, { "original_filename": "De_Luca_et_al.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/865/download/1937/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/tmfsp", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 866, "title": "Decadal land-use/land-cover and land surface temperature change in Dubai and implications on the urban heat island effect: A preliminary assessment", "abstract": "The emirate of Dubai is the most populous and most developed of the seven emirates that comprise the United Arab Emirates. By the end of the 20th century, the emirate had shifted its economy from being primarily petroleum-based to a focus on tourism and financial services. The emirate’s capital, also named Dubai, has been growing at a rapid pace; the population in 1999 was 862,000 inhabitants, and increased in ten years to 1.8 million. In this letter, I evaluate the extent of land-use and land-cover, and land surface temperature change between 1999 and 2009. Landsat satellite images from the month of September 1999 and 2009 were used in this study. Both images were classified using spectral information divergence to measure the discrepancy of probabilistic behaviors between spectral signatures of different surfaces in the study area. Changes in land cover between 1999 and 2009 were quantified using post-classification analysis in a geographic information system. The results have shown a 76.11 percent change in land cover and a 1.75 Celsius average increase in land surface temperature over the 10-year study period. The composition of land cover features significantly influence the magnitude of land surface temperature and the percent cover of stabilized land and impervious surfaces have had the most substantial affect. In contrast, the percentage of vegetation cover is the most essential driver that alleviates land surface and ambient temperature. Keeping the cooling effects of urban greenery in perspective, I suggest that their proper management can directly mitigate the urban heat island effect in Dubai.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Change Detection" }, { "word": "Classification" }, { "word": "Landsat" }, { "word": "Urban Heat Island" }, { "word": "Land Surface Temperature" }, { "word": "Dubai" }, { "word": "land-cover" }, { "word": "land-use" }, { "word": "Persian Gulf" }, { "word": "UAE" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-05-27T09:31:44Z", "date_accepted": "2019-06-05T17:54:46Z", "date_published": "2019-06-05T17:54:46Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/w79ea", "authors": [ { "pk": 305, "first_name": "Abdulhakim", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Abdi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Studies" }, { "name": "Geographic Information Sciences" }, { "name": "Geography" }, { "name": "International and Area Studies" }, { "name": "Near and Middle Eastern Studies" }, { "name": "Other Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical and Environmental Geography" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Remote Sensing" }, { "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Dubai_Land-use_Land-cover_Land_Surface_Temperature_2019_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/866/download/1938/" }, { "original_filename": "Dubai_Land-use_Land-cover_Land_Surface_Temperature_2019_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/866/download/1939/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 867, "title": "Comments on, Scaled Random Number Simulation of High Correlation Coeffieients for Gasoline Range Compound Concentrations (unpublished results), disclosed in EarthArXiv, 5 April, 2019, by Lloyd R. Snowdon.", "abstract": "The paper comments on disclosure EarthArXiv 5 April, 2019 by L. R. Snowdon discounting correlations between light hydrocarbons suggesting steady-state catalysis in the origin of petroleum. The correlations are shown to be valid and Snowdons arguments not relevant.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. 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The abstract is as follows: Large-scale remote-sensing data on ice loss in the Himalaya and other glacierised regions indicate that the differences in glacier area do not significantly influence the glacier-to-glacier variability of the thinning rate. An analysis of the available data from several regions across the globe reveals another general feature of the recent shrinkage glaciers: the rate of area loss grows sub-linearly as a function of glacier area. These two general characteristics of recent glacier change data are shown to be consistent with each other when the well-known area-volume scaling relation for mountain glaciers is considered. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Mountain Glacier; Glacier change" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-05-25T14:18:39Z", "date_accepted": "2019-05-31T15:59:23Z", "date_published": "2019-05-31T15:59:23Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/y2vs6", "authors": [ { "pk": 1052, "first_name": "Argha", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Banerjee", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6007, "first_name": "Reshama", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kumari", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Glaciology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "draft0.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/868/download/1941/" }, { "original_filename": "draft0.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/868/download/1942/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 869, "title": "Estimation of the total sub-debris ablation from point-scale ablation data on a debris-covered glacier", "abstract": "This is the preprint of an article that is under review in the Journal of Glaciology. The abstract is as follows: Glaciological mass balance is computed from point-scale field data at a few ablation stakes that are regressed as a function of elevation, and averaged over the area-elevation distribution of the glacier. This method is contingent on a tight control of elevation on local ablation. On debris-covered glaciers, systematic and random spatial variations of debris thickness modify ablation rates. A method that takes into account the debris-thickness variability in extrapolating point-scale ablation data may be more accurate on these glaciers. We propose and test a methGlaciological mass balance is computed from point-scale field data at a few ablation stakes that are regressed as a function of elevation, and averaged over the area-elevation distribution of the glacier. This method is contingent on a tight control of elevation on local ablation. On debris-covered glaciers, systematic and random spatial variations of debris thickness modify ablation rates. A method that takes into account the debris-thickness variability in extrapolating point-scale ablation data may be more accurate on these glaciers. We propose and test a method where stake data are interpolated as a function of debris-thickness alone, and averaged over the observed debris-thickness distribution at different parts of the glacier. We apply this method to compute sub-debris ablation rate on Satopanth Glacier (Central Himalaya) utilising about a thousand ablation measurements at a network of up to 56 stakes during 2015--2017. We compare our results with that from the standard glaciological method. The uncertainties in both the estimates due to the corresponding uncertainties in measurement of ablation and debris-thickness distribution, and that due to interpolation procedures are estimated using Monte Carlo methods. Possible biases due to finite number of stakes used are investigated, and net specific balance of Satopanth glacier is computed.od where stake data are interpolated as a function of debris-thickness alone, and averaged over the observed debris-thickness distribution at different parts of the glacier. We apply this method to compute sub-debris ablation rate on Satopanth Glacier (Central Himalaya) utilising about a thousand ablation measurements at a network of up to 56 stakes during 2015--2017. We compare our results with that from the standard glaciological method. The uncertainties in both the estimates due to the corresponding uncertainties in measurement of ablation and debris-thickness distribution, and that due to interpolation procedures are estimated using Monte Carlo methods. Possible biases due to finite number of stakes used are investigated, and net specific balance of Satopanth glacier is computed.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "glaciology; Himalayan glaciers; debris-covered glaciers" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-05-25T11:58:29Z", "date_accepted": "2019-05-31T15:59:11Z", "date_published": "2019-05-31T15:59:11Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/hu7na", "authors": [ { "pk": 5453, "first_name": "Sunil", "middle_name": "S", "last_name": "Singh", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1052, "first_name": "Argha", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Banerjee", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7329, "first_name": "H", "middle_name": "C", "last_name": "Nainwal", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8520, "first_name": "R", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shankar", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Glaciology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "draft1_small.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/869/download/1943/" }, { "original_filename": "draft1_small.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/869/download/1944/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/kr2q7", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 870, "title": "Lake Level Fluctuations in the Northern Great Basin for the Last 25,000 years", "abstract": "During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ~23,000 to 19,000 years ago or ka) and through the last deglaciation, the Great Basin physiographic region in the western United States was marked by multiple extensive lake systems, as recorded by proxy evidence and lake sediments. However, temporal constraints on the growth, desiccation, and timing of lake highstands remain poorly constrained. Studies aimed at disentangling hydroclimate dynamics have offered multiple hypotheses to explain the growth of post-LGM lakes; however, a more robust understanding is currently impeded by a general paucity of spatially and temporally robust data. In this study, we present new data constraining the timing and extent of lake highstands at three post-LGM age pluvial lakes: Lake Newark, Lake Surprise, and Lake Franklin. This data is used in concert with previously published data for these basins and others from the Northern Great Basin including Lakes Bonneville, Chewaucan, and Lahontan to compare the timings of lake growth and decay over a large spatial scale and constrain how regional hydroclimate evolved through the deglaciation.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. 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See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "hydroclimate" }, { "word": "paleoclimate" }, { "word": "Last Glacial Maximum" }, { "word": "bonneville" }, { "word": "hydrologic index" }, { "word": "lahontan" }, { "word": "lake hydrograph" }, { "word": "LGM" }, { "word": "paleohydrology" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-05-24T17:40:30Z", "date_accepted": "2019-05-30T14:38:57Z", "date_published": "2019-05-30T14:38:57Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/6as7t", "authors": [ { "pk": 1060, "first_name": "Lauren", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Santi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1547, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "Enrique", "last_name": "Ibarra", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-9980-4599" }, { "pk": 7352, "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mering", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7815, "first_name": "Alexandrea", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Arnold", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9491, "first_name": "Aradhna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tripati", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10189, "first_name": "Chloe", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Whicker", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10673, "first_name": "Charles", "middle_name": "G.", "last_name": "Oviatt", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sedimentology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "EarthArXiv_lsanti_v2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/870/download/1945/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 871, "title": "Implicitly localized ensemble observational update to cope with nonlocal/nonlinear data constraints in large-size inverse problems", "abstract": "Many practical applications involve the resolution of large-size inverse problems, without providing more than a moderate-size sample to describe the prior probability distribution. In this situation, additional information must be supplied to augment the effective dimension of the available sample. This is the role played by covariance localization in the large-size applications of the ensemble Kalman filter. In this paper, it is suggested that covariance localization can also be efficiently applied to an approximate variant of the Metropolis/Hastings algorithm, by modulating the ensemble members by the large-scale patterns of other members. Modulation is used to design a (global) proposal probability distribution (i) that can be sampled at a very low cost (proportional to the size of the state vector, with a small integer coefficient), (ii) that automatically accounts for a localized prior covariance, and (iii) that leads to an efficient sampler for the augmented prior probability distribution or for the posterior probability distribution. The resulting algorithm is applied to an academic example, illustrating (i) the effectiveness of covariance localization, (ii) the ability of the method to deal with nonlocal/nonlinear observation operators and non-Gaussian observation errors, (iii) the possibility to deal with non-Gaussian (even discrete) prior marginal distributions, by including (stochastic) anamorphosis transformations, (iv) the reliability, resolution and optimality of the updated ensemble, using probabilistic scores appropriate to a non-Gaussian posterior distribution, and (v) the scalability of the algorithm as a function of the size of the problem. The evaluation of the computational complexity of the algorithm suggests that it could become numerically competitive with local ensemble Kalman filters, even in the absence of nonlocal constraints, especially if the localization radius is large. All codes necessary to reproduce the example application described in this paper are openly available from github.com/brankart/ensdam.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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This sequence is truncated at an angular unconformity and topped by Permo-Mesozoic sedimentary shelf strata. The Permo-Mesozoic is brittlely deformed and largely unfolded. This differs in style and intensity of deformation with the refolded underlying Neoproterozoic-Cambrian rocks. Evidences for an older Paleozoic deformation (D1) have been identified within limestone of the Hajir Formation. Tight to close inclined folds (F1) reflect the ductile deformation affecting Neoproterozoic-Cambrian rocks. The folds yield 5-50m amplitudes, with a short-overturned limb, sub-horizontal to gently plunging fold axes and moderately to sub-horizontally inclined axial surfaces. A younger event (D2) has refolded the F1 folds. F2 folds are open to close with amplitudes and wavelengths from several hundred meters to 3 and 5km respectively. The F2 folds display sub-vertical to steep axial planes dipping towards NNW, and fold axes plunging either ENE-wards with ∼50°, or SW-wards with ∼30°, at the northern and southern side of the Jabal Akhdar Dome, respectively. \nF2 folds have been mentioned by previous authors as possibly Hercynian in age, while the occurrence of F1 folds is here firstly presented, revealing a uniform NW-vergence of F1 folds after restoration at pre D2 geodynamic conditions.\nWe present in this work the first structural evidence related to the D1 Cadomian event which occurred in eastern Arabia between ∼542 and 525 ±5Ma, due to the convergence between Arabia and microcontinents and/or oceanic subduction of the Proto-Tethys Ocean. The two deformation events, D1 (Cadomian Orogeny) and D2 (Angudan Orogeny), are related to NE-SW and ∼NW-SE main compressional directions, respectively. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Gondwana" }, { "word": "Cadomian Orogeny" }, { "word": "refolded folds" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-05-23T07:48:04Z", "date_accepted": "2019-05-30T14:44:30Z", "date_published": "2019-05-30T14:44:30Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/vwy2u", "authors": [ { "pk": 4212, "first_name": "Ivan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Callegari", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-4332-0579" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "MS_Gondwana_research01.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/873/download/1951/" }, { "original_filename": "MS_Gondwana_research01.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/873/download/1952/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/jkxqc", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 874, "title": "A constant Chinese Loess Plateau dust source since the Late Miocene", "abstract": "The Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary marks a major change in global climate and East Asian monsoon dynamic. However, the role of the global atmospheric dust-cycle over this time is unclear; in particular, whether, changes in the dust cycle influenced climate change, or resulted from it. Chinese loess records past dust-cycle history and the influences of aridification and monsoon circulation over the last 40 Ma. Previous work on the Chinese Loess Plateau argue over whether changes in dust source occur at the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary, or at 1.2 Ma, despite these intervals marking major shifts in monsoon dynamics (Ding et al., 2000; Lu, 2015). We present Sr, Nd and Hf isotope data from multiple sites and show that dust source largely remains unchanged across these boundaries. Shifts in geochemistry are due to changes in grain-size and weathering. These tracer isotopes show that dust was dominantly sourced from the Northern Tibetan Plateau, with some input from the local bedrock. This shows that a major established and constant dust source on the Tibetan Plateau has been active and unchanged since late Miocene, despite dramatically changing climate conditions. Changes in loess accumulation are a function of climate change in Tibetan Plateau source regions rather than effects from increased aridification over the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Quaternary" }, { "word": "China" }, { "word": "Loess" }, { "word": "Neogene" }, { "word": "Palaeoclimate" }, { "word": "Radiogenic isotopes" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-05-22T18:39:57Z", "date_accepted": "2019-05-30T14:38:15Z", "date_published": "2019-05-30T14:38:15Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106042", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ux82d", "authors": [ { "pk": 1675, "first_name": "Anna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bird", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10161, "first_name": "Ian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Millar", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-9117-7025" }, { "pk": 7438, "first_name": "Tanja", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rodenburg", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8608, "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Stevens", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9545, "first_name": "Martin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rittner", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4056, "first_name": "Pieter", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vermeesch", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10698, "first_name": "Huayu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Bird et al Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/874/download/1953/" }, { "original_filename": "Bird et al Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/874/download/1954/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 875, "title": "HESS Opinions: Improving the evaluation of groundwater representation in continental to global scale models", "abstract": "Continental- to global-scale hydrologic and land surface models increasingly include representations of the groundwater system, driven by crucial Earth science and sustainability problems. These models are essential for examining, communicating, and understanding the dynamic interactions between the Earth System above and below the land surface as well as the opportunities and limits of groundwater resources. A key question for this nascent and rapidly developing field is how to evaluate the realism and performance of such large-scale groundwater models given limitations in data availability and commensurability. Our objective is to provide clear recommendations for improving the evaluation of groundwater representation in continental- to global-scale models. We identify three evaluation approaches, including comparing model outputs with available observations of groundwater levels or other state or flux variables (observation-based evaluation); comparing several models with each other with or without reference to actual observations (model-based evaluation); and comparing model behavior with expert expectations of hydrologic behaviors that we expect to see in particular regions or at particular times (expert-based evaluation). Based on current and evolving practices in model evaluation as well as innovations in observations, machine learning and expert elicitation, we argue that combining observation-, model-, and expert-based model evaluation approaches may significantly improve the realism of groundwater representation in large-scale models, and thus our quantification, understanding, and prediction of crucial Earth science and sustainability problems. We encourage greater community-level communication and cooperation on these challenges, including among global hydrology and land surface modelers, local to regional hydrogeologists, and hydrologists focused on model development and evaluation.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2019-05-21T20:55:31Z", "date_accepted": "2019-05-24T12:49:22Z", "date_published": "2019-05-24T12:49:22Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/zxyku", "authors": [ { "pk": 4102, "first_name": "Tom", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gleeson", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-9493-7707" }, { "pk": 3113, "first_name": "Thorsten", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wagener", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1066, "first_name": "Petra", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Doell", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 16315, "first_name": "Marc", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bierkens", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7798, "first_name": "Yoshihide", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wada", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10242, "first_name": "Min-Hui", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lo", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10714, "first_name": "Richard", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Taylor", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10811, "first_name": "Shams", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rahman", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11112, "first_name": "Rafael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rosolem", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11448, "first_name": "Mary", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hill", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Commentary - Gleeson et al Groundwater in continental to global models 20July20 earth arxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/875/download/1955/" }, { "original_filename": "Commentary - Gleeson et al Groundwater in continental to global models eartharvix.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/875/download/1956/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 876, "title": "A Temperature- and Pressure-Sensitive Visco-Plasticity Theory based on Interface Mechanisms for Sedimentary Rocks", "abstract": "Constitutive modelling in geotechnical engineering and applied earth sciences is facing the challenge of assessing the long-term potential of both man-made and natural geohazards. This involves designing engineering operations for length scales and timescales well beyond those observable in the laboratory. In order to bridge the gap between scales, study rock behaviours well beyond their yield point and provide predictive capabilities to long term problems, constitutive models need to be equipped with multi-physical information that can be measured at laboratory time-scales and extrapolated beyond them. Enriching constitutive models with a sufficient level of details from the physical mechanisms taking place at the microstructure could provide such functionalities.\n\nIn this work, a physics-based constitutive theory for sedimentary rocks is proposed combining the results of laboratory tests, theoretical analysis and numerical validation. The viscosity of the material is assumed to be a function of the temperature, pore-pressure and energy required to alter the inter-granular interfaces. The resulting flow law and corresponding stress equilibrium are coupled to the energy and mass conservation laws, constituting a closed system of equations. To solve this system, the theoretical framework is implemented using the Finite Element \\redback{} simulator and its qualitative behaviour is analysed in monotonous and cyclic isotropic compression, as well as in direct shear for different loading rates.\n\nA series of numerical calibration tests is then performed against different types of rocks (sandstone, mudstone), saturating conditions (dry, wet), stress paths (triaxial, isotropic) and temperatures (from room temperature to over 800K). It concludes that the mechanical response of sedimentary porous rocks at strains usually achieved in laboratory testing is determined by the strength of the cementitious material bonding the grains. This strength is shown to be stress path dependent under the hypotheses made in this work and the interfaces are shown to obey a Kelvin-like interface law at the microscopic level.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "activation volume" }, { "word": "Multiphysics" }, { "word": "saddle point" }, { "word": "visco-plasticity" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-05-21T19:38:42Z", "date_accepted": "2019-05-24T13:05:32Z", "date_published": "2019-05-24T13:05:32Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gete.2019.100165", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/g68uw", "authors": [ { "pk": 5508, "first_name": "Mustafa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sari", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6253, "first_name": "Sotiris", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Alevizos", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5638, "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Poulet", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5429, "first_name": "Jack", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lin", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 381, "first_name": "Emmanouil", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Veveakis", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Geotechnical Engineering" }, { "name": "Materials Science and Engineering" }, { "name": "Other Materials Science and Engineering" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Sari_JMPS.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/876/download/1957/" }, { "original_filename": "Sari_JMPS.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/876/download/1958/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/c8v3d", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] } ] }