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{
    "pk": 10829,
    "title": "Poor Access for African Researchers to African Emergency Care Publications: A Cross-sectional Study",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Introduction: Based on relative population size and burden of disease, emergency care publicationoutputs from low- and middle-income regions are disproportionately lower than those of high-incomeregions. Ironically, outputs from regions with higher publication rates are often less relevant in the Africancontext. As a result, the dissemination of and access to local research is essential to local researchers,but the cost of this access (actual and cost-wise) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to describeaccess to African emergency care publications in terms of publisher-based access (open access orsubscription) and alternate access (self-archived or author provided), as well as the cost of access.\nMethods: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study using all emergency medicinepublications included in Scopus between 2011 and 2015. A sequential search strategy describedaccess to each article, and we calculated mean article charges against the purchasing power parityindex (used to describe out-of-pocket expense).\nResults: We included 666 publications from 49 journals, of which 395 (59.3%) were open access. Forsubscription-based articles, 106 (39.1%) were self-archived, 60 (22.1%) were author-provided, and105 (38.8%) were inaccessible. Mean article access cost was $36.44, and mean processing chargewas $2,319.34. Using the purchasing power parity index it was calculated that equivalent out-ofpocketexpenditure for South African, Ghanaian and Tanzanian authors would respectively be $15.77,$10.44 and $13.04 for access, and $1,004.02, $664.36 and $830.27 for processing. Based on this,the corrected cost of a single-unit article access or process charge for South African, Ghanaian andTanzanian authors, respectively, was 2.3, 3.5 and 2.8 times higher than the standard rate.\nConclusion: One in six African emergency care publications are inaccessible outside institutional librarysubscriptions; additionally, the cost of access to publications in low- and middle-income countries appearsprohibitive. Publishers should strongly consider revising pricing for more equitable access for researchersfrom low- and middle-income countries.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "publication"
        },
        {
            "word": "access"
        },
        {
            "word": "Emergency Medicine"
        },
        {
            "word": "Africa"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Global Health",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bz9638t",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Stevan",
            "middle_name": "R.",
            "last_name": "Bruijns",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Cape Town, Division of Emergency Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Mmapeladi",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Maesela",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Suniti",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Sinha",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Megan",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Banner",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "African Federation for Emergency Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2017-05-22T18:52:33Z",
    "date_accepted": "2017-05-22T18:52:33Z",
    "date_published": "2017-09-11T07:00:00Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/10829/galley/5893/download/"
        }
    ]
}