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{
    "pk": 1149,
    "title": "A Case of a Carotid Cavernous Fistula",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Case Presentation:\n A 73-year-old male presented to the emergency department complaining of pain in his right eye for four weeks. He denied any trauma, and the pain was accompanied by ptosis, proptosis, swelling, redness, blurred vision, and a frontal headache. On examination, conjunctival arterialization was also appreciated. Magnetic resonance imaging and angiography showed evidence of a carotid cavernous fistula for which the patient underwent successful transvenous coiling and embolization.\nDiscussion:\n Carotid cavernous fistulas are classified as higher flow, direct fistulas or lower flow, indirect fistulas; the latter is more insidious in onset. Classic symptoms include conjunctival arterialization, proptosis, ptosis, palpebral edema, ocular palsy, vibratory sensation, elevated intraocular pressure without pupillary or visual acuity deficits, and headache. The treatment of choice is transvenous embolization.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "carotid cavernous fistula"
        },
        {
            "word": "Indirect carotid cavernous fistula"
        },
        {
            "word": "cavernous sinus"
        },
        {
            "word": "proptosis"
        },
        {
            "word": "transvenous embolization"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Images in Emergency Medicine",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3454174d",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Rami",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Mahmoud",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Brooke",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Hensley",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Miami, Florida",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2022-04-26T03:12:19Z",
    "date_accepted": "2022-04-26T03:12:19Z",
    "date_published": "2022-04-26T03:12:57Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uciem_cpcem/article/1149/galley/889/download/"
        }
    ]
}