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{
    "pk": 11642,
    "title": "Gun Violence: A Biopsychosocial Disease",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Gun violence is a complex biopsychosocial disease and as such, requires a multidisciplinary approach to understanding and treatment. Framing gun violence as a disease places it firmly within medical and public health practice. By applying the disease model to gun violence, it is possible to explore the host, agent, and environment in which gun violence occurs, and to identify risk factors to target for prevention. This approach also provides an opportunity to address scientifically inaccurate assumptions about gun violence. In addition, there are many opportunities for medical communities to treat gun violence as a disease by considering and treating the biologic, behavioral, and social aspects of this disease. The medical community must answer recent calls to engage in gun violence prevention, and employing this model of gun violence as a biopsychosocial disease provides a framework for engagement.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "gun violence"
        },
        {
            "word": "Public health"
        },
        {
            "word": "Emergency Medicine"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Public Health",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/00v8w13z",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Stephen",
            "middle_name": "W.",
            "last_name": "Hargarten",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Emergency Medicine, Milwaukee, Wisconsin\nMedical College of Wisconsin, Comprehensive Injury Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "E.",
            "middle_name": "Brooke",
            "last_name": "Lerner",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Emergency Medicine, Milwaukee, Wisconsin\nMedical College of Wisconsin, Comprehensive Injury Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Marc",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Gorelick",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Children’s Hospital and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Karen",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Brasel",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Surgery, Portland, Oregon",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Terri",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "deRoon-Cassini",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Surgery, Milwaukee, Wisconsin",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Sara",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Kohlbeck",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Medical College of Wisconsin, Comprehensive Injury Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2018-02-21T16:07:48Z",
    "date_accepted": "2018-02-21T16:07:48Z",
    "date_published": "2018-09-10T16:17:59Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/11642/galley/6264/download/"
        }
    ]
}