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{
    "pk": 12789,
    "title": "Qualitative Research of Violent Incidents Toward Young Paramedics in the Czech Republic",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Introduction:\n Prehospital and emergency medical services (EMS) providers are usually the first to respond to an individual’s urgent health needs, sometimes in emotionally charged circumstances. Because violence toward EMS providers in the Czech Republic is often overlooked and under-reported, we do not have a complete understanding of the extent of such violence, nor do we have recommendations from EMS professional organizations on how to resolve this problem in prehospital emergency medicine.\nMethods:\n We conducted this study to explore the process of violence against EMS providers, using the Strauss/Corbin systematic approach of grounded theory to create a paradigm model. The participants in this research included personnel who had at least two years experience in the EMS systems of the city of Prague and the Central Bohemian Region, and who had been victims of violence. Our sample included 10 registered paramedics and 10 emergency medical technicians ages 23–33 (mean ± standard deviation: 27.7). The impact of communication during EMS delivery, in the context of violence from patients or their relatives, emerged as the core category and the main focus of our study. The five main groups of the paradigm model of violence against EMS personnel included causal, contextual and intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences.\nResults: \nOf the 20 study participants, 18 reported experiencing an attack during the night shift. Ten participants experienced violence on the street, and 10 inside an ambulance. The perpetrators in all 18 cases were men. The behavior of EMS personnel plays a crucial role in how violent confrontations play out: nonprofessional behavior with drunken or addict patients increases the possibility of violence in 70% of cases.\nConclusion:\n We found that paramedics and EMTs were exposed to verbal abuse and physical violence. However, in 10 of the violent encounters reported by our 20 participants, the attack was perpetrated by otherwise-ordinary people (ie, individuals with strong family support and good jobs) who found themselves in a very stressful situation. Thanks to grounded theory we learned that for all 20 participants there was a potential opportunity to prevent the conflict.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "violence, paramedics, EMS personnel, qualitative research"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Emergency Medical Services",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8wb6v563",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Jiri",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Knor",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Emergency Medical Services of the Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic \nMedical College in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic\nPrague Emergency Medical Services, Czech Republic\nCharles University, 3rd Medical Faculty, Prague, Czech Republic",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Jaroslav",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Pekara",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Medical College in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic\nPrague Emergency Medical Services, Czech Republic",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Jana",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Seblova",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Emergency Medical Services of the Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic \nMedical College in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "David",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Peran",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Medical College in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic\nPrague Emergency Medical Services, Czech Republic\nCharles University, 3rd Medical Faculty, Prague, Czech Republic",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Patrik",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Cmorej",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Emergency Medical Services of the Ústí nad Labem Region, Czech Republic\nJan Evangelista Purkyně University, Division of Health Studies, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Jitka",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Nemcova",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Medical College in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic\nPrague Emergency Medical Services, Czech Republic",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2019-05-31T22:40:48+05:30",
    "date_accepted": "2019-05-31T22:40:48+05:30",
    "date_published": "2020-02-22T01:57:46+05:30",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/12789/galley/6741/download/"
        }
    ]
}