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{
    "pk": 13964,
    "title": "Emergency Department Management of COVID-19: An Evidence-Based Approach",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, SARs-CoV-2, causes a clinical disease known as COVID-19. Since being declared a global pandemic, a significant amount of literature has been produced and guidelines are rapidly changing as more light is shed on this subject. Decisions regarding disposition must be made with attention to comorbidities. Multiple comorbidities portend a worse prognosis. Many clinical decision tools have been postulated; however, as of now, none have been validated. Laboratory testing available to the emergency physician is nonspecific but does show promise in helping prognosticate and risk stratify. Radiographic testing can also aid in the process. Escalating oxygen therapy seems to be a safe and effective therapy; delaying intubation for only the most severe cases in which respiratory muscle fatigue or mental status demands this. Despite thrombotic concerns in COVID-19, the benefit of anticoagulation in the emergency department (ED) seems to be minimal. Data regarding adjunctive therapies such as steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories are variable with no concrete recommendations, although steroids may decrease mortality in those patients developing acute respiratory distress syndrome. With current guidelines in mind, we propose a succinct flow sheet for both the escalation of oxygen therapy as well as ED management and disposition of these patients.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "COVID-19"
        },
        {
            "word": "emergency department"
        },
        {
            "word": "coronavirus"
        },
        {
            "word": "SARS-CoV-2"
        },
        {
            "word": "Absolute Lymphocyte Count"
        },
        {
            "word": "Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio"
        },
        {
            "word": "D-dimer"
        },
        {
            "word": "phenotype theory"
        },
        {
            "word": "High-flow Nasal Cannula"
        },
        {
            "word": "Non-invasive Ventilation"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Endemic Infections",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4f96w6xg",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Nicholas",
            "middle_name": "M.",
            "last_name": "McManus",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Mercy Health – Muskegon, Department of Emergency Medicine. Muskegon, Michigan; Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, East Lansing, Michigan",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Ryan",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Offman",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Mercy Health – Muskegon, Department of Emergency Medicine. Muskegon, Michigan; Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, East Lansing, Michigan",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Jason",
            "middle_name": "D.",
            "last_name": "Oetman",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Mercy Health – Muskegon, Department of Emergency Medicine. Muskegon, Michigan; Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, East Lansing, Michigan",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2020-05-21T06:28:43+10:00",
    "date_accepted": "2020-05-21T06:28:43+10:00",
    "date_published": "2020-11-04T19:00:00+11:00",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/13964/galley/7251/download/"
        }
    ]
}