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{ "pk": 14546, "title": "The Role of Gender in Nurse-Resident Interactions: A Mixed-methods Study", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction: \nThe role of gender in interprofessional interactions is poorly understood. This mixed-methods study explored perceptions of gender bias in interactions between emergency medicine (EM) residents and nurses.\nMethods:\n We analyzed qualitative interviews and focus groups with residents and nurses from two hospitals for dominant themes. An electronic survey, developed through an inductive-deductive approach informed by qualitative data, was administered to EM residents and nurses. Quantitative analyses included descriptive statistics and between-group comparisons.\nResults:\n Six nurses and 14 residents participated in interviews and focus groups. Key qualitative themes included gender differences in interprofessional communication, specific examples of, and responses to, gender bias. Female nurses perceived female residents as more approachable and collaborative than male residents, while female residents perceived nurses’ questions as doubting their clinical judgment. A total of 134 individuals (32%) completed the survey. Females more frequently perceived interprofessional gender bias (mean 30.9; 95% confidence interval {CI}, 25.6, 36.2; vs 17.6 [95% CI, 10.3, 24.9). Residents reported witnessing interprofessional gender bias more frequently than nurses (58.7 (95% CI, 48.6, 68.7 vs 23.9 (95% CI, 19.4, 28.4). Residents reported that gender bias affected job satisfaction (P = 0.002), patient care (P = 0.001), wellness (P = 0.003), burnout (P = 0.002), and self-doubt (P = 0.017) more frequently than nurses.\nConclusion:\n Perceived interprofessional gender bias negatively impacts personal wellbeing and workplace satisfaction, particularly among female residents. Key institutional stakeholders including residency, nursing, and hospital leadership should invest the resources necessary to develop and integrate evidence-based strategies to improve interprofessional relationships that will ultimately enhance residency training, work climate, and patient care.", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Attitude of Health Personnel" }, { "word": "Communication" }, { "word": "cooperative behavior" }, { "word": "Interprofessional Relations" }, { "word": "Female" }, { "word": "Male" }, { "word": "nurses" }, { "word": "Physician-Nurse Relations" }, { "word": "physicians" }, { "word": "Residents" }, { "word": "workplace" } ], "section": "Education", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/46b025qp", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Emily", "middle_name": "C.", "last_name": "Cleveland Manchanda", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts General and Brigham and Women’s Hospitals, Boston Harvard Affiliated Emergency Medicine Residency, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Anita", "middle_name": "N.", "last_name": "Chary", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts General and Brigham and Women’s Hospitals, Boston Harvard Affiliated Emergency Medicine Residency, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Noor", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zanial", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Harvard Medical School, Program in Global Surgery & Social Change, Boston, Massachusetts", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Lauren", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nadeau", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Jennifer", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Verstreken", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Eric", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shappell", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Wendy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Macias-Konstantopoulos", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Valerie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dobiesz", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-09-09T22:19:54+05:30", "date_accepted": "2020-09-09T22:19:54+05:30", "date_published": "2021-07-20T05:48:46+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/14546/galley/7434/download/" } ] }