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{
    "pk": 16122,
    "title": "Time to Renitrogenation After Maximal Denitrogenation in Healthy Volunteers in the Supine and Sitting Positions",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Introduction:\n Prior to intubation, preoxygenation is performed to denitrogenate the lungs and create an oxygen reservoir. After oxygen is removed, it is unclear whether renitrogenation after preoxygenation occurs faster in the supine vs the sitting position. \nMethods:\n We enrolled 80 healthy volunteers who underwent two preoxygenation and loss of preoxygenation procedures (one while supine and one while sitting) via bag-valve-mask ventilation with spontaneous breathing. End-tidal oxygen (ETO2) measurements were recorded as fraction of expired oxygen prior to preoxygenation, at the time of adequate preoxygenation (ETO2 >85%), and then every five seconds after the oxygen was removed until the ETO2 values reached their recorded baseline.\nResults:\n The mean ETO2 at completion of preoxygenation was 86% (95% confidence interval 85-88%). Volunteers in both the supine and upright position lost >50% of their denitrogenation in less than 60 seconds. Within 25 seconds, all subjects had an ETO2 of <70%. Complete renitrogenation, defined as return to baseline ETO2, occurred in less than 160 seconds for all volunteers.\nConclusion:\n Preoxygenation loss, or renitrogenation, occurred rapidly after oxygen removal and was not different in the supine and sitting positions. After maximal denitrogenation in healthy volunteers, renitrogenation occurred rapidly after oxygen removal and was not different in the supine and sitting positions.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "airway"
        },
        {
            "word": "preoxygenation"
        },
        {
            "word": "emergent intubation"
        },
        {
            "word": "rapid sequence intubation"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Critical Care",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/70x1m2kc",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Jason",
            "middle_name": "Randall",
            "last_name": "West",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "NYC Health + Hospitals | Lincoln, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bronx, New York",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Rykiel",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Levine",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "NYC Health + Hospitals | Lincoln, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bronx, New York",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Jason",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Raggi",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "NYC Health + Hospitals | Lincoln, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bronx, New York",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Du-Thuyen",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Nguyen",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Department of Emergency Medicine, New South Wales, Australia",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Matthew",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Oliver",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Department of Emergency Medicine, New South Wales, Australia\n\nRPA Green Light Institute for Emergency Care, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Nicholas",
            "middle_name": "D",
            "last_name": "Caputo",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "NYC Health + Hospitals | Lincoln, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bronx, New York",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "John",
            "middle_name": "C",
            "last_name": "Sakles",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Arizona College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tucson, Arizona",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2021-11-12T18:46:48Z",
    "date_accepted": "2021-11-12T18:46:48Z",
    "date_published": "2022-11-01T17:57:50Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16122/galley/8087/download/"
        }
    ]
}