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{
    "pk": 16158,
    "title": "Horizontal Violence Toward Emergency Medicine Residents: Gender as a Risk Factor",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Introduction:\n Horizontal violence (HV) is defined as “persistent exposure to interpersonal aggression and mistreatment from colleagues.” Our objective in this pilot, single-site study was to identify sources of HV toward emergency medicine (EM) residents, using the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R).\n \nMethods:\n In this investigation we used a descriptive cross-sectional survey design to categorize HV. All voluntary participants were residents in an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education- approved, three-year academic EM residency. Data were collected via electronic survey and occurred six months into an academic year. We collected demographic information and responses to the NAQ-R in 2020. Horizontal violence is subdivided into three categories: work-related; person-related; and physical intimidation. Emergency medicine residents answered questions as they related to their interactions with residents and support staff, which included nursing.\nResults:\n A total of 23 of 26 residents responded (89%). Participants were 56% women, 78% white, 11% Hispanic, and 89% heterosexual. Participant clinical year was 39% first-, 39% second-, and 22% third-year residents. Women reported a higher frequency of HV compared to men (1.3 vs 1.1, P =.01). By category, women indicated higher incidence of work-related violence from other residents (P = .05) and staff (P =.02). There was no difference in reported frequency of violence for interns compared to senior residents. \nConclusion:\n Our pilot study demonstrated horizontal violence toward EM residents exists and is more prevalent in women.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Workplace Bullying"
        },
        {
            "word": "Resident Physician"
        },
        {
            "word": "Horizontal Violence"
        },
        {
            "word": "Emergency Medicine"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Health Equity",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5hg4b4k6",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Ashley",
            "middle_name": "A.",
            "last_name": "Jacobson",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Mayo Clinic Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Eau Claire, Wisconsin",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "James",
            "middle_name": "E.",
            "last_name": "Colletti",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Mayo Clinic, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Neha",
            "middle_name": "P.",
            "last_name": "Raukar",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Mayo Clinic, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2021-11-25T16:52:05Z",
    "date_accepted": "2021-11-25T16:52:05Z",
    "date_published": "2022-08-19T19:16:39Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16158/galley/8104/download/"
        }
    ]
}