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{
    "pk": 16219,
    "title": "Association of Social Needs and Housing Status Among Urban Emergency Department Patients",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Introduction: People experiencing homelessness have high rates of social needs when presenting for emergency department (ED) services, but less is known about patients with housing instability who do not meet the established definitions of homelessness.\nMethods: We surveyed patients in an urban, safety-net ED from June–August 2018. Patients completed two social needs screening tools and responded to additional questions on housing. Housing status was determined using validated questions about housing stability.\nResults: Of the 1,263 eligible patients, 758 (60.0%) completed the survey. Among respondents, 40% identified as Latinx, 39% Black, 15% White, 5% Asian, and 8% other race/ethnicities. The median age was 42 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 29-57). and 54% were male. Of the 758 patients who completed the survey, 281 (37.1%) were housed, 213 (28.1%) were unstably housed, and 264 (34.8%) were homeless. A disproportionate number of patients experiencing homelessness were male (63.3%) and Black (54.2%), P <0.001, and a disproportionate number of unstably housed patients were Latinx (56.8%) or were primarily Spanish speaking (49.3%), P <0.001. Social needs increased across the spectrum of housing from housed to unstably housed and homeless, even when controlling for demographic characteristics.\nConclusion: Over one in three ED patients experience homelessness, and nearly one in three are unstably housed. Notable disparities exist by housing status, and there is a clear increase of social needs across the housing spectrum. Emergency departments should consider integrating social screening tools for patients with unstable housing.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Housing instability, unstably housed, homelessness, emergency department, social emergency medicine"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Health Equity",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6vk6m6tn",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Kadia",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Wormley",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Department of Emergency Medicine, Alameda Health System, Oakland, California",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Drusia",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Dickson",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Department of Emergency Medicine, Alameda Health System, Oakland, California",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Harrison",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Alter",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Department of Emergency Medicine, Alameda Health System, Oakland, California;\nAndrew Levitt Center for Social Emergency Medicine, Berkeley, California",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Ndidi",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Njoku",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Partow",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Imani",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of California Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, California",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Erik",
            "middle_name": "S.",
            "last_name": "Anderson",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Department of Emergency Medicine, Alameda Health System, Oakland, California;\nSubstance Use Disorder Treatment Program, Alameda Health System, Oakland, California",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2021-12-16T02:05:27+01:00",
    "date_accepted": "2021-12-16T02:05:27+01:00",
    "date_published": "2022-10-28T21:58:40+02:00",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16219/galley/8138/download/"
        }
    ]
}