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{
    "pk": 1910,
    "title": "Warrior Women: Indigenous Women, Gender Relations, and Sexual Politics within the American Indian Movement and at Wounded Knee",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "<p class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\"></p><p class=\"layoutArea\"></p><p class=\"column\"></p><p><span style='font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: \"AJensonPro\";'>The main purpose of this article is to describe and analyze Indigenous women’s</span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: AJensonPro;\">participation in the prolonged takeover of Wounded Knee in 1973. Indigenouswomen’s grassroots activism was fundamental for sustaining and keeping the occu-pation alive, yet their contributions were largely eclipsed by the actions of theirmedia-savvy, male comrades-in-arms. What is more important, Indigenous women inthe American Indian Movement (AIM) frequently claimed that they were in a state of“double oppression” or “double colonization”—first, through colonial domination andracial inequality, and second, through male privilege and female subordination—itself,part of the legacy of colonization and the imposition of dominant white patriarchalmasculinity.</span><span style=\"font-size: 6pt; font-family: AJensonPro; vertical-align: 2pt;\">2 </span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: AJensonPro;\">Nationalist struggles such as that of the anticolonial AIM tend to repli-cate the very structures of male dominance that they struggle against. While womenhave been included in public discourse, they have been largely left out of politicaldecision-making.</span><span style=\"font-size: 6pt; font-family: AJensonPro; vertical-align: 2pt;\">3</span></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"layoutArea\"></p><p class=\"column\"></p><p><span style='font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: \"AJensonPro\";'>At Wounded Knee, Indigenous women took on a series of interrelated roles andresponsibilities that kept the occupation alive. Indigenous women skillfully renegoti-ated their gendered position of power within the masculinist organization, constructingfemininities that shifted between domesticated motherhood and female comrades-in-arms. In so doing, they both reaffirmed and challenged sexist and chauvinist attitudes&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: AJensonPro; font-size: 10pt;\">within AIM. They were well known as long-standing community organizers, andtheir active participation at the Wounded Knee takeover was an indication of female empowerment.&nbsp;</span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p>",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Wounded Knee 1973"
        },
        {
            "word": "American Indian Movement"
        },
        {
            "word": "Women's Activism"
        },
        {
            "word": "Indigenous Women"
        },
        {
            "word": "gender relations"
        },
        {
            "word": "nationalism"
        },
        {
            "word": "sexual politics"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Article",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/33s225n9",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Matthias",
            "middle_name": "Andre",
            "last_name": "Voigt",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2023-09-30T23:51:02.072000+03:00",
    "date_accepted": "2023-10-01T17:54:58.018000+03:00",
    "date_published": "2023-11-06T22:25:00+03:00",
    "render_galley": {
        "label": "Final PDF",
        "type": "pdf",
        "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/1910/galley/2713/download/"
    },
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "Final PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/1910/galley/2713/download/"
        }
    ]
}