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{
    "pk": 19112,
    "title": "Emergency Physician Estimation of Blood Loss",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Introduction: Emergency physicians (EP) frequently estimate blood loss, which can have implications for clinical care. The objectives of this study were to examine EP accuracy in estimating blood loss on different surfaces and compare attending physician and resident performance.\nMethods: A sample of 56 emergency department (ED) physicians (30 attending physicians and 26 residents) were asked to estimate the amount of moulage blood present in 4 scenarios: 500 mL spilled onto an ED cot; 25 mL spilled onto a 10-pack of 434-inch gauze; 100 mL on a T-shirt; and 150 mL in a commode filled with water. Standard estimate error (the absolute value of (estimated volume actual volume)/actual volume3100) was calculated for each estimate.\nResults: The mean standard error for all estimates was 116% with a range of 0% to 1233%. Only 8% of estimates were within 20% of the true value. Estimates were most accurate for the sheet scenario andworst for the commode scenario. Residents and attending physicians did not perform significantly differently (P . 0.05).\nConclusion: Emergency department physicians do not estimate blood loss well in a variety of scenarios. Such estimates could potentially be misleading if used in clinical decision making. Clinical experience does not appear to improve estimation ability in this limited study. [West J Emerg Med. 2012;13(4):376–379.]",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "hemorrhage"
        },
        {
            "word": "Medical error"
        },
        {
            "word": "clinical practice"
        },
        {
            "word": "Diagnosis"
        },
        {
            "word": "Emergency Medicine"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Trauma",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/92s1v6wn",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Jeffery",
            "middle_name": "C",
            "last_name": "Ashburn",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Madigan Army Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tacoma, Washington",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Tamara",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Harrison",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Washington Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Seattle, Washington",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "James",
            "middle_name": "J",
            "last_name": "Ham",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Madigan Army Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tacoma, Washington",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Jared",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Strote",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Washington Medical Center, Division of Emergency Medicine, Seattle,\nWashington",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2010-11-09T16:33:47Z",
    "date_accepted": "2010-11-09T16:33:47Z",
    "date_published": "2012-09-04T07:00:00Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/19112/galley/9481/download/"
        }
    ]
}