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{
    "pk": 1915,
    "title": "Sign duration and signing rate in British Sign Language, Dutch Sign Language and Swedish Sign Language",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "<p>In this article, we look at sign duration and signing rate in corpora of three sign languages – British Sign Language (BSL), Dutch Sign Language (NGT), and Swedish Sign Language (STS). We investigate whether token frequency and sociolinguistic variables (e.g., age, gender, region) influence the production rate of signing. Following Zipf’s law of abbreviation, we see that a sign’s duration is negatively correlated with its frequency. Both sign duration and signing rate are found to correlate with signer age, in that older signers have longer durations and lower rates than younger signers. Signers' gender, family (deaf or hearing), and age of exposure have no effect on duration or signing rate. For NGT and STS, there is no effect of region on either duration or rate. However, in the BSL data, duration and signing rate vary with region. The overall findings align with previous work on spoken languages, particularly that frequency and aging are correlated with word length and production rate, thus demonstrating such patterns across modalities of language.</p>",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [],
    "section": "Brief Article",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2v97261t",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Carl",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Börstell",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Bergen, NO",
            "department": "Department of Linguistic, Literary and Aesthetic Studies"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Adam",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Schembri",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Birmingham, UK",
            "department": "Department of English Language and Linguistics"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Onno",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Crasborn",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Independent Researcher, NL",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2023-10-02T22:40:41.745000Z",
    "date_accepted": "2024-07-05T10:46:29.659000Z",
    "date_published": "2024-08-13T16:00:00Z",
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