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{
    "pk": 19297,
    "title": "Urine Collection in the Emergency Department: What Really Happens in There?",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Introduction: In women with suspected urinary tract infection (UTI), a non-contaminated voided specimen is considered important for valid urinalysis and culture results. We assess whether midstream parted-labia catch (MSPC) instructions were provided by nurses, understood, and performed correctly, according to the patient.\nMethods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of English- and Spanish-speaking female patients submitting voided urine samples for urinalysis for suspected UTI. The survey was conducted in a public teaching hospital emergency department (ED) from June to December 2010, beginning 2 months after development and dissemination of a nursing MSPC instructions protocol. Research assistants administered the survey within 2 hours of urine collection. Nurses were unaware of the study purpose.\nResults: Of 129 patients approached, 74 (57%) consented and were included in the analysis. Median age was 35; 44% were Latino. Regarding instructions from nurses, patients reported the following: 45 (61%; 95% CI 50-72%) received any instructions; of whom 37 (82%; 95% CI 71-93%) understood them completely. Sixteen (36%; 95% CI 22-51%) were instructed to collect midstream; and 7 (16%; 95% CI 6-29%) to part the labia. Regardless of receiving or understanding instructions, 33 (45%; 95% CI 33-57%) reported actually collecting midstream, and 11 (15%, 95% CI 8-25%) parting the labia.\nConclusion: In this ED, instructions for MSPC urine collection frequently were not given, despite a nursing protocol, and patients rarely performed the essential steps. An evidence-based approach to urine testing in the ED that considers urine collection technique, is needed. [West J Emerg Med. 2012;13(5):401-405.]",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Emergency Medicine"
        },
        {
            "word": "Medicine"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Patient Communication",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3st2j28m",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Bradley",
            "middle_name": "W.",
            "last_name": "Frazee",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Alameda Country Medical Center, Highland Campus, Oakland, California",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Kenneth",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Frausto",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Alameda County Medical Center - Highland Campus, Oakland, California",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Bitou",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Cisse",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Alameda County Medical Center - Highland Campus, Oakland, California",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Douglas",
            "middle_name": "E. A.",
            "last_name": "White",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Alameda County Medical Center - Highland Campus, Oakland, California",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Harrison",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Alter",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Alameda County Medical Center - Highland Campus, Oakland, California",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2011-07-18T20:08:33Z",
    "date_accepted": "2011-07-18T20:08:33Z",
    "date_published": "2012-09-18T22:25:22Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/19297/galley/9545/download/"
        }
    ]
}