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{
    "pk": 20293,
    "title": "Fostering Financial Inclusion by Ensuring Cultural Fit: The Case of the NCDFI Industry",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "<p>Native Community Development Financial Institutions (NCDFIs) play a vital role in extending credit to underserved Native communities, yet there is no systematic overview in the existing literature of the lending approaches of NCDFIs. Analyzing original interviews with NCDFI leaders, we unveil the core practices and modes of operation in the NCDFI industry. We find that NCDFIs prioritize comprehensive goals, form strategic partnerships, customize financial and development products and services, and employ inclusive metrics of success. Emphasizing a person-centric approach, NCDFIs aim to enhance financial inclusion while empowering Native communities. Our analysis underscores NCDFIs' crucial role in fostering financial resilience while maintaining commitment to cultural compatibility.</p>",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Indian Country"
        },
        {
            "word": "lending"
        },
        {
            "word": "Native CDFIs"
        },
        {
            "word": "cultural fit"
        },
        {
            "word": "Native communities"
        },
        {
            "word": "financial inclusion"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Article",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/08j4s8t9",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Valentina",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Dimitrova-Grajzl",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Virginia Military Institute",
            "department": "Economics and Business"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Peter",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Grajzl",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Washington and Lee University",
            "department": "Economics"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Michou",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Kokodoko",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis",
            "department": "Community Development and Engagement"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Laurel",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Wheeler",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Alberta",
            "department": "Economics"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2024-02-29T15:25:29.914000-05:00",
    "date_accepted": "2024-07-18T13:56:12.119000-04:00",
    "date_published": "2025-07-14T17:17:00-04:00",
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        "type": "pdf",
        "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/20293/galley/36934/download/"
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}