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{
    "pk": 20311,
    "title": "Compositional Differences, Functional Similarities: A Linguistic Analysis of Private Speech from a Young Child and a Home-Reared African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus erithacus)",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "<p>Humans and other vocal-learning species engage in solo vocalizations. Such vocalizations in the human literature are referred to as private speech and have been hypothesized to play a role in vocal repertoire development both in humans and nonhumans, alike. The current study used corpus linguistics techniques to quantitatively and qualitatively compare the private speech of a two-year-old child and an enculturated, home-reared African Grey parrot to identify similarities and differences in the composition and function of their private speech. Both speakers exhibited previously documented human private speech functions, including sound- and word-play and repetitive practice of new words. The composition of the utterances, however, was different between the two speakers. The child’s private speech contained a larger vocabulary, more frequent use of function words (i.e., prepositions, articles, pronouns, conjunctions) to string together ideas, and the use of multiple verb tenses. The cross-species finding that a home-reared parrot’s private speech is similar in function—including evidence of play and possible intrinsically-motivated practice—to that of a language-learning child offers unique insights into the evolution of human language. </p>",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Private speech"
        },
        {
            "word": "African Grey parrot"
        },
        {
            "word": "Language"
        },
        {
            "word": "Comparative"
        },
        {
            "word": "linguistic analysis"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Research Article",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9mf27427",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Erin",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Colbert-White",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "None",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Tim",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Beyer",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Stan",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Kuczaj",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2024-03-05T22:56:48.799000Z",
    "date_accepted": "2024-06-25T20:13:26.477000Z",
    "date_published": "2024-09-06T16:00:00Z",
    "render_galley": {
        "label": "Colbert_White_Final",
        "type": "pdf",
        "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/20311/galley/26220/download/"
    },
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "Colbert_White_Final",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/20311/galley/26220/download/"
        }
    ]
}