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{
    "pk": 21119,
    "title": "Pershing Square: A History of Plans, Designers, and Publics",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Pershing Square, located in the heart of downtown Los Angeles, has transformed several times over its 150-year history. Its design iterations throughout time have mirrored the city’s own transformations, growth, and community’s self-image. I retrace the history of civic attempts to renovate Pershing Square, starting from the 1910s through to the present. By examining the events and battles over control of its design, I use Pershing Square as a lens for understanding larger trends in the practice of urban design, city planning, and politics in Los Angeles. In particular, I focus on the shifts in influence among various design professions, and I consider the tensions between the prevailing practice of urban design by this professional class and the growing imperative for public participation in public space design. I also examine how the most recent attempts to remake Pershing Square are emblematic of two paradigms in urban design: landscape urbanism and placemaking.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [],
    "section": "Article",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/25j1r1pj",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Shine",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Ling",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2024-02-01T19:16:25Z",
    "date_accepted": "2024-02-01T19:16:25Z",
    "date_published": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/criticalplanning/article/21119/galley/10770/download/"
        }
    ]
}