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{
    "pk": 21257,
    "title": "Opposite Ends: Why the United States and Singapore have Drastically Different Models of Free Speech",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "<p>This article delves into why the United States and Singapore, despite their shared colonial history, democratic institutions, wealth, and global influence, have drastically different free speech models. This paper will look at three points of comparison: historical context, political theory, and evolution of judicial interpretation. By comparing the current events and the prevalent political theories at the time of drafting the Singaporean and American constitutions, this paper seeks to understand why the nations ratified contrasting free speech clauses. &nbsp;However, the Constitution is only as meaningful as the courts interpret it, so this paper also explores how the respective Supreme Courts of Singapore and America have evolved their interpretation of the Constitution to shape their contrasting free speech models. While this paper will not argue which model of free speech is more effective, it will outline the underlying reasons for Singapore and America's drastically different free speech models.&nbsp;</p>",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Singapore Free Speech"
        },
        {
            "word": "First Amendment"
        },
        {
            "word": "Justice Holmes"
        },
        {
            "word": "Article 14 Singapore Constitution"
        },
        {
            "word": "Eastern Neo-Confucian Thought"
        },
        {
            "word": "Singapore Sedition Act"
        },
        {
            "word": "Maria Hertogh Riots"
        },
        {
            "word": "Schenck v. United States"
        },
        {
            "word": "John Stuart Mill"
        },
        {
            "word": "On Liberty"
        },
        {
            "word": "Prior Restraint"
        },
        {
            "word": "Blackstone"
        },
        {
            "word": "judicial review"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Article",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2f36c273",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Dylan",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Chamberlin",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2024-05-25T21:26:26.473000+02:00",
    "date_accepted": "2024-05-25T21:34:17.966000+02:00",
    "date_published": "2024-05-25T23:24:19.162000+02:00",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucsdulr/article/21257/galley/10875/download/"
        }
    ]
}