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{
    "pk": 21693,
    "title": "Language use is only sparsely compositional: The case of English adjective-noun phrases in humans and large language models",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Compositionality is considered a key hallmark of human\nlanguage. However, most research focuses on item-level compositionality, e.g.,\nto what extent the meanings of phrases are composed of the meanings of their\nsub-parts, rather than on language-level compositionality, which is the degree\nto which possible combinations are utilized in practice during language use.\nHere, we propose a novel way to quantify the degree of language-level\ncompositionality and apply it in the case of English adjective-noun\ncombinations. Using corpus analyses, large language models, and human\nacceptability ratings, we find that (1) English only sparsely utilizes the\ncompositional potential of adjective–noun combinations; and (2) LLMs struggle to\npredict human acceptability judgments of rare combinations. Taken together, our\nfindings shed new light on the role of compositionality in language and\nhighlight a challenging area for further improving LLMs.",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "",
        "short_name": "",
        "text": null,
        "url": ""
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science; Linguistics; Language understanding; Natural Language Processing; Semantics; Big data; Computational Modeling; Corpus studies; Large Language Models; Survey"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0qd3662b",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Aalok",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Sathe",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Evelina",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Fedorenko",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Noga",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Zaslavsky",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "UCI",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": null,
    "date_accepted": null,
    "date_published": "2024-01-01T11:00:00-07:00",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21693/galley/11292/download/"
        },
        {
            "label": "PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21693/galley/22086/download/"
        }
    ]
}