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{
    "pk": 24620,
    "title": "Goal bias in using spatial language to describe changing quantities",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Numbers and space are associated in the mind, and in language. We investigate 6,400 instances of verbs indicating vertical movement (e.g., rise, fall, decline) or size-based changes (e.g., contract, grow, extend) in four corpora, showing that 60% of all uses occur in quantitative contexts (e.g., ‘prices rose'). For concrete spatial language, it has been found that movement goals are more likely encoded than sources (e.g., Lakusta & Landau 2005, Stefanowitsch, 2018). We demonstrate that this asymmetry carries over to spatial-numerical language, which more often encodes goals (e.g., ‘revenue went up to 48 million') than sources (e.g., ‘share prices rose from $7.13'). In line with their path-related meaning, vertical verbs showed a much higher propensity to encode endpoints (20%) than size-based verbs (10%), a large effect (Cohen's d = 2.0). These results show that the goal bias attested for spatial language carries over to abstract conceptual domains.",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "",
        "short_name": "",
        "text": null,
        "url": ""
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Linguistics; Psychology; Event cognition; Language and thought; Semantics; Spatial cognition; Corpus studies"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Abstracts",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/01z48019",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Vinicius",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Macuch Silva",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Birmingham",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Alexandra",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Lorson",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Groningen",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Greg",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Woodin",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Birmingham",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Bodo",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Winter",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Birmingham",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": null,
    "date_accepted": null,
    "date_published": "2024-01-01T18:00:00Z",
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