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{
    "pk": 24785,
    "title": "Individual Differences in Self-Referential versus Learning-Oriented Metaphors on Learning Outcomes",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Do metaphors for learning influence how well we remember new information? We tested whether reading a learning-oriented metaphor (i.e., emphasizing learning processes and outcomes) versus a self-referential metaphor (i.e., emphasizing motivational or emotional aspects of learning) can affect how well new information is learned. Participants were randomly assigned to read either a paragraph likening learning to a long hiking tour (self-referential condition), a paragraph likening learning to expanding a library in one's mind (learning-oriented condition), or no paragraph (no metaphor condition). Then participants learned a new mnemonic technique, the Method of Loci, and had to apply it to a sentence-learning task. The effect of metaphor on sentence memory depended on participants' education level. People with college degrees learned better in the self-referential condition than the learning-oriented condition, whereas people without college degrees showed the opposite pattern. These findings identify novel individual differences in how metaphors for learning influence learning outcomes.",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "",
        "short_name": "",
        "text": null,
        "url": ""
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Analogy; Language and thought; Learning; Memory"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Abstracts",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7c77706r",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Alexia",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Toskos Dils",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Purchase College, SUNY",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": null,
    "date_accepted": null,
    "date_published": "2024-01-01T18:00:00Z",
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