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{
    "pk": 25387,
    "title": "Eye-tracking situated language comprehension: Immediate actor gaze versus recent action events",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Previous visual world eye-tracking studies have shown that\nwhen a sentential verb can refer (via tense information on the\nverb and on a following time adverb) to either a recent and\na future action event performed by an actor, people inspected\nthe target of the recent event more often than the (different)\ntarget of the future event. This ’recent event preference’ replicated\neven when the frequency of future events within the experiment\ngreatly exceeded the frequency of recent events (e.g.,\n75% vs 25%). The recent event preference may arise because\nthe past action is situation-immediate and thus more relevant at\nthe particular point in time when the sentence is processed (at\nthat point participants have seen the past action performed and\nwill not see the future action until after the sentence). If the\nsituation-immediate relevance of a cue is responsible for the\nrecent event preference, then we should be able to “overwrite”\nthe effect of the recent action with another situation-immediate\ncue. Accordingly, two current eye-tracking experiments pitted\nthe recent event preference against a situation-immediate cue,\nthe shift in the actor’s gaze to the target object. Given that interlocutors’\ngaze has been shown to be a powerful cue in guiding\nlisteners’ attention to objects in the visual context, we hypothesized\nthat the actor’s gaze to the future target should rapidly\nguide a listener’s attention to it. Analyses revealed indeed that\nlisteners’ visual attention was rapidly guided to the target by\nthe actor’s gaze; crucially the gaze cue was particularly helpful\nin guiding looks to the future target. Importantly, however, we\nstill replicated the overall preference to look at the recent target\nregardless of tense and gaze; and even for future gaze conditions,\nthe preference was not immediately reversed, suggesting\nit is surprisingly robust in competition with a situation-specific\nfuture-biasing cue.",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "",
        "short_name": "",
        "text": null,
        "url": ""
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Sentence comprehension"
        },
        {
            "word": "recent-event preference"
        },
        {
            "word": "actor gaze"
        },
        {
            "word": "eye tracking"
        },
        {
            "word": "visual world"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Papers",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/47t271kb",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Dato",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Abashidze",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Cognitive Interaction Technology Excellence Center, Department of Linguistics Bielefeld University",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Pia",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Knoeferle",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Cognitive Interaction Technology Excellence Center, Department of Linguistics Bielefeld University",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Maria",
            "middle_name": "Nella",
            "last_name": "Carminati",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Cognitive Interaction Technology Excellence Center, Department of Linguistics Bielefeld University",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": null,
    "date_accepted": null,
    "date_published": "2015-01-01T18:00:00Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/25387/galley/15011/download/"
        }
    ]
}