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{
    "pk": 25457,
    "title": "What is Lost in Translation from Visual Graphics to Text for Accessibility",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Many blind and low-vision individuals are unable to access\ndigital media visually. Currently, the solution to this\naccessibility problem is to produce text descriptions of visual\ngraphics, which are then translated via text-to-speech screen\nreader technology. However, if a text description can\naccurately convey the meaning intended by an author of a\nvisualization, then why did the author create the visualization\nin the first place? This essay critically examines this problem\nby comparing the so-called graphic–linguistic distinction to\nsimilar distinctions between the properties of sound and\nspeech. It also presents a provisional model for identifying\nvisual properties of graphics that are not conveyed via text-tospeech\ntranslations, with the goal of informing the design of\nmore effective sonic translations of visual graphics.",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "",
        "short_name": "",
        "text": null,
        "url": ""
    },
    "keywords": [],
    "section": "Papers",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/44d7g3ks",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Peter",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Coppin",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Dept. of Industrial Design, Faculty of Design, OCAD University of Toronto; Dept. of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": null,
    "date_accepted": null,
    "date_published": "2015-01-01T18:00:00Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/25457/galley/15081/download/"
        }
    ]
}