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{
    "pk": 25727,
    "title": "How People Estimate Effect Sizes: The Role of Means and Standard Deviations",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Many studies of causal judgments have dealt with the relation\nbetween the presence and the absence of a cause and an effect.\nHowever, little is known about causal learning with a\ncontinuous outcome. The present study adopted Cohen’s d as\nan objective standard for effect size in situations where a\nbinary cause influenced a continuous effect and investigated\nhow people use means and standard deviations in the\nestimation of effect sizes. The experimental task was to read a\nscenario where the performance of two groups was compared\nand to infer the causal effect. Whereas means were\nmanipulated while holding standard deviations constant in the\nmean difference group, standard deviations were varied with\nholding means constant in the standard deviation difference\ngroup. The results demonstrate that participants could respond\nappropriately to the difference in two means, and that they\ngave a higher estimate of effect size in large standard\ndeviation situations than in small standard deviation situations.\nJudgments about standard deviations are in contrast to\nCohen’s d, indicating disproportionate attention to different\nkinds of data samples.",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "",
        "short_name": "",
        "text": null,
        "url": ""
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "causal learning; causal reasoning; intuitive\nstatistics; effect size; continuous variable"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Papers",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/79v573s0",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Motoyuki",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Saito",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Kwansei Gakuin University",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": null,
    "date_accepted": null,
    "date_published": "2015-01-01T18:00:00Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/25727/galley/15351/download/"
        }
    ]
}