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{
    "pk": 25748,
    "title": "Toddlers Learn with Facilitated Play, Not Free Play",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Can children of all age groups engage in self-directed\nlearning? While active learning has been widely advocated in\neducation, it remains unclear whether its benefits apply to\nchildren at all developmental levels. In the present study, we\ndemonstrate that 19-month-old toddlers acquire higher-order\ngeneralizations in the causal domain only when their play is\nfacilitated by an adult experimenter or a parent, and not when\nthey are provided with full instruction or complete free play.\nThese findings stand in contrast with earlier findings that 36-\nmonth-old children can learn effectively from data they\ngenerate by themselves under conditions of complete free\nplay. This difference suggests that the ability to engage in\nself-directed learning may develop over early childhood.",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "",
        "short_name": "",
        "text": null,
        "url": ""
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "free play; facilitated play; self-directed learning"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Papers",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/93v5g359",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Zi",
            "middle_name": "L",
            "last_name": "Sim",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of California, Berkeley",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Fei",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Xu",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of California, Berkeley",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": null,
    "date_accepted": null,
    "date_published": "2015-01-01T13:00:00-05:00",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/25748/galley/15372/download/"
        }
    ]
}