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{
    "pk": 25862,
    "title": "Cognitive Flexibility in Mathematics: Bilingual Children Show Cognitive\nAdvantages",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Mathematical problem solving requires cognitive flexibility. Bilingual children show advantages in cognitive flexibility\nas compared to monolingual children. Whether this bilingual cognitive advantage extends to mathematical skills is the\nfocus of the present study. To measure children’s use of cognitive flexibility, worksheets containing 60 arithmetic problems of\ndifferent operations were administered to first- through fifth-grade monolingual and bilingual children; children were given 60\nseconds to complete as many grade-appropriate problems as possible. Performance on the math worksheet was analyzed as\nthe number of problems completed and solved correctly. Results indicate that bilingualism affects arithmetic problem solving\nin third- through fifth-graders (problems completed: F(1,24)=9.20, p<.01; accuracy: F(1,24)=3.30, p=.08) but not first- and\nsecond-graders (problems completed: F(1,38)=0.38, p=.54; accuracy: F(1,38)=0.83, p=.37). Findings from this study thus\nsuggest that bilingual cognitive flexibility extends to mathematical problem solving, and that this cognitive flexibility develops\nover the elementary school years in bilingual children.",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "",
        "short_name": "",
        "text": null,
        "url": ""
    },
    "keywords": [],
    "section": "Member Abstracts",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4sp3x32p",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Natsuki",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Atagi",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of California, Los Angeles",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Catherine",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Sandhofer",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of California, Los Angeles",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": null,
    "date_accepted": null,
    "date_published": "2015-01-01T18:00:00Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/25862/galley/15486/download/"
        }
    ]
}