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{
    "pk": 26100,
    "title": "The Role of the Prefrontal Cortex in Inductive Reasoning: An fNIRS Study",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "This study examined neural activity associated with inductive\ninference using functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy\n(fNIRS). Induction is a powerful way of generating new\nknowledge by generalizing known information to novel items\nor contexts. Two key bases for identifying targets for induction\nare perceptual similarity, and rules that specify category-\nrelevant features. Similarity- and rule-based induction have\nbeen argued to represent distinct mechanisms, such that only\nrule-based induction requires executive function processes\nassociated with the prefrontal cortex (PFC), namely: active\nmaintenance of representations and inhibition of salient but\nirrelevant features. Here, we address the lack of direct\nempirical evidence supporting this possibility by recording\nPFC activity using fNIRS while adult participants (n=24)\nperformed an inductive inference task. We found that PFC\nactivity during induction was greater when participants had\nbeen taught a category-inclusion rule versus when participants\ncould only rely on overall similarity.",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "",
        "short_name": "",
        "text": null,
        "url": ""
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "inductive inference; fNIRS; PFC"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Papers",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5x59f8h1",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Layla",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Unger",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Carnegie Mellon University",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Jaeah",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Kim",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Carnegie Mellon University",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Theodore",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Huppert",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Pittsburgh",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Julia",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Badger",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Oxford",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Anna",
            "middle_name": "V.",
            "last_name": "Fisher",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Carnegie Mellon University",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": null,
    "date_accepted": null,
    "date_published": "2016-01-01T18:00:00Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/26100/galley/15736/download/"
        }
    ]
}