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{
    "pk": 26358,
    "title": "Boredom, Information-Seeking and Exploration",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Any adaptive organism faces the choice between taking\nactions with known benefits (exploitation), and sampling new\nactions to check for other, more valuable opportunities\navailable (exploration). The latter involves information-\nseeking, a drive so fundamental to learning and long-term\nreward that it can reasonably be considered, through evolution\nor development, to have acquired its own value, independent\nof immediate reward. Similarly, behaviors that fail to yield\ninformation may have come to be associated with aversive\nexperiences such as boredom, demotivation, and task\ndisengagement. In accord with these suppositions, we propose\nthat boredom reflects an adaptive signal for managing the\nexploration-exploitation tradeoff, in the service of optimizing\ninformation acquisition and long-term reward. We tested\nparticipants in three experiments, manipulating the\ninformation content in their immediate task environment, and\nshowed that increased perceptions of boredom arise in\nenvironments in which there is little useful information, and\nthat higher boredom correlates with higher exploration. These\nfindings are the first step toward a model formalizing the\nrelationship between exploration, exploitation and boredom.",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "",
        "short_name": "",
        "text": null,
        "url": ""
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "boredom"
        },
        {
            "word": "Exploration"
        },
        {
            "word": "information-seeking"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Papers",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rg9267w",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Andra",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Geana",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Princeton University",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Robert",
            "middle_name": "C.",
            "last_name": "Wilson",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Arizona",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Nathaniel",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Daw",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Princeton University",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Jonathan",
            "middle_name": "D.",
            "last_name": "Cohen",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Princeton University",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": null,
    "date_accepted": null,
    "date_published": "2016-01-01T18:00:00Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/26358/galley/15994/download/"
        }
    ]
}