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{
    "pk": 26449,
    "title": "An Information-Processing Account of Representation Change:International Mathematical Olympiad Problems are Hard not only for Humans",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "In this paper, we present a new information-processing modelof math problem solving in which representation change the-ory can be implemented. Specifically, we divided the problemrepresentation process into two. One is to straightforwardlytranslate problem texts into formulas in a conservative exten-sion of Zermelo-Fraenkel’s set theory, and the other is to in-terpret the translated formulas in local mathematical theories.A ZF formula has several interpretations, and representationchange is thus implementable as a choice of an appropriate in-terpretation. Adopting the theory of real closed fields as an ex-ample of local theory and its quantifier elimination algorithmsas an approximate process of searching for solutions, we de-velop a prototype system. We use more than 400 problemsfrom three sources as benchmarks: exercise books, univer-sity entrance examination, and the International MathematicalOlympiad problems. Our experimental results suggest that ourmodel can serve as a basis of a quantitative study on represen-tation change in the sense that the performance of our proto-type system reflects difficulties of the problems quite precisely.",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "",
        "short_name": "",
        "text": null,
        "url": ""
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "problem solving; information-processing model;insight; representation change"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Papers",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6ps6f4gm",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Takuya",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Matsuzaki",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Nagoya University",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Munehiro",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Kobayashi",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Tsukuba",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Noriko",
            "middle_name": "H.",
            "last_name": "Arai",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "National Institute of Informatics",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": null,
    "date_accepted": null,
    "date_published": "2016-01-01T10:00:00-08:00",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/26449/galley/16085/download/"
        }
    ]
}