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{
    "pk": 26799,
    "title": "Highly Proficient Bilinguals Maintain Language-Specific Pragmatic Constraints on\nPronouns: Evidence from Speech and Gesture",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "The use of subject pronouns by bilingual speakers using both a\npro-drop and a non-pro-drop language (e.g. Spanish heritage\nspeakers in the USA) is a well-studied topic in research on\ncross-linguistic influence in language contact situations.\nPrevious studies looking at bilinguals with different proficiency\nlevels have yielded conflicting results on whether there is\ntransfer from the non-pro-drop patterns to the pro-drop\nlanguage. Additionally, previous research has focused on\nspeech patterns only. In this paper, we study the two modalities\nof language, speech and gesture, and ask whether and how they\nreveal cross-linguistic influence on the use of subject pronouns\nin discourse. We focus on elicited narratives from heritage\nspeakers of Turkish in the Netherlands, in both Turkish (pro-\ndrop) and Dutch (non-pro-drop), as well as from monolingual\ncontrol groups. The use of pronouns was not very common in\nmonolingual Turkish narratives and was constrained by the\npragmatic contexts, unlike in Dutch. Furthermore, Turkish\npronouns were more likely to be accompanied by localized\ngestures than Dutch pronouns, presumably because pronouns in\nTurkish are pragmatically marked forms. We did not find any\ncross-linguistic influence in bilingual speech or gesture\npatterns, in line with studies (speech only) of highly proficient\nbilinguals. We therefore suggest that speech and gesture\nparallel each other not only in monolingual but also in bilingual\nproduction. Highly proficient heritage speakers who have been\nexposed to diverse linguistic and gestural patterns of each\nlanguage from early on maintain monolingual patterns of\npragmatic constraints on the use of pronouns multimodally.",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "",
        "short_name": "",
        "text": null,
        "url": ""
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "bilingualism; heritage speakers; gesture; cross-\nlinguistic influence; pronoun; pragmatics; discourse"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Talks: Papers",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9vn6m489",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Zeynep",
            "middle_name": " ",
            "last_name": "Azar",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Radboud University",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Ad",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Backus",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Tilburg University",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Aslı",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Özyürek",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Radboud University",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": null,
    "date_accepted": null,
    "date_published": "2017-01-01T18:00:00Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/26799/galley/16435/download/"
        }
    ]
}