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{
    "pk": 28005,
    "title": "Tiptoeing around it: Inference from absence in potentially offensive speech",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Language that describes people in a concise manner may con-flict with social norms (e.g., referring to people by their race),presenting a conflict between transferring information effi-ciently and avoiding offensive language. When a speakeris describing others, we propose that listeners consider thespeaker’s use or absence of potentially offensive language toreason about the speaker’s goals. We formalize this hypothe-sis in a probabilistic model of polite pragmatic language un-derstanding, and use it to generate predictions about interpre-tations of utterances in ambiguous contexts, which we testempirically. We find that participants are sensitive to poten-tially offensive language when resolving ambiguity in refer-ence. These results support the idea that listeners representconflicts in speakers’ goals and use that uncertainty to inter-pret otherwise underspecified utterances.",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "",
        "short_name": "",
        "text": null,
        "url": ""
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "politeness; social meaning; pragmatics; Bayesiancognitive model; Rational Speech Act model"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Publication-based-Talks",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6n2261g3",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Monica",
            "middle_name": "A",
            "last_name": "Gates",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "UC Berkley",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Tess",
            "middle_name": "L",
            "last_name": "Veuthey",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "UCSF",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Michael",
            "middle_name": "Henry",
            "last_name": "Tessler",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Stanford",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Kevin",
            "middle_name": "A",
            "last_name": "Smith",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "MIT",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Tobias",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Gerstenberg",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "MIT",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Laurie",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Bayet",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Harvard",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Joshua",
            "middle_name": "B",
            "last_name": "Tenenbaum",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "MIT",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": null,
    "date_accepted": null,
    "date_published": "2018-01-01T18:00:00Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28005/galley/17644/download/"
        }
    ]
}