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{
    "pk": 28417,
    "title": "A Meta-analysis of Sex Differences in Human Navigation Skills",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Popular sources often assume the existence of a male advantage in navigation, but the scientific\ndata are inconsistent. This meta-analysis evaluates the literature on behavioral sex differences in\nhuman navigation. We quantify the overall magnitude of sex differences in a variety of\nparadigms and populations and examine potential moderators in large-scale navigation skills,\nusing 694 effect sizes from 266 studies and a multilevel linear modeling approach. Overall, we\nfound that male participants outperform female participants, with a small to medium effect size\n(d= 0.34 to 0.38). The type of task, the type of dependent variable and the testing environment\nsignificantly contribute to variability in effect sizes. Pointing and recall tasks show larger sex\ndifferences than distance estimation tasks or learning to criterion; among the dependent variables, the deviation scores associated with pointing tasks show larger effect sizes. The largest\nestimate was d = .55 for tasks than required coordinating indoor and outdoor views.\nInterestingly, studies with children younger than 13 years showed very small effect sizes (d\n= .15) as compared to older age groups. We discuss the implications of these findings for the\nstudy of sex differences and identify avenues for future navigation research.",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "",
        "short_name": "",
        "text": null,
        "url": ""
    },
    "keywords": [],
    "section": "Symposia",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9mf1t6x8",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Alina",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Nazareth",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Temple University",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Lucy",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Huang",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of New Brunswick",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Nora",
            "middle_name": "S.",
            "last_name": "Newcombe",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Temple University",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Daniel",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Voyer",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of New Brunswick",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": null,
    "date_accepted": null,
    "date_published": "2019-01-01T18:00:00Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28417/galley/18288/download/"
        }
    ]
}