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{
    "pk": 28513,
    "title": "How do infants start learning object names in a sea of clutter?",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Infants are powerful learners. A large corpus of experimental\nparadigms demonstrate that infants readily learn distributional\ncues of name-object co-occurrences. But infants’ natural\nlearning environment is cluttered: every heard word has\nmultiple competing referents in view. Here we ask how infants\nstart learning name-object co-occurrences in naturalistic\nlearning environments that are cluttered and where there is\nmuch visual ambiguity. The framework presented in this paper\nintegrates a naturalistic behavioral study and an application of\na machine learning model. Our behavioral findings suggest\nthat in order to start learning object names, infants and their\nparents consistently select a set of a few objects to play with\nduring a set amount of time. What emerges is a frequency\ndistribution of a few toys that approximates a Zipfian\nfrequency distribution of objects for learning. We find that a\nmachine learning model trained with a Zipf-like distribution of\nthese object images outperformed the model trained with a\nuniform distribution. Overall, these findings suggest that to\novercome referential ambiguity in clutter, infants may be\nselecting just a few toys allowing them to learn many\ndistributional cues about a few name-object pairs.",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "",
        "short_name": "",
        "text": null,
        "url": ""
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "infancy; early word learning; machine learning;\nZipfian distribution."
        }
    ],
    "section": "Papers with Oral Presentations",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90s8m2jd",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Hadar",
            "middle_name": "Karmazyn",
            "last_name": "Raz",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Indiana University",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Drew",
            "middle_name": "H.",
            "last_name": "Abney",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Indiana University",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "David",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Crandall",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Indiana University",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Chen",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Yu",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Indiana University",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Linda",
            "middle_name": "B.",
            "last_name": "Smith",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Indiana University",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": null,
    "date_accepted": null,
    "date_published": "2019-01-01T18:00:00Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28513/galley/18384/download/"
        }
    ]
}