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{
    "pk": 28540,
    "title": "Verb Frequency Explains the Unacceptability of Factive and Manner-of-speaking\nIslands in English",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "The unacceptability of wh-extraction (e.g., question\nformation) out of certain syntactic structures, known as\n‘island’ effects, has been a central topic in theoretical syntax\nfor many years (Ross, 1967; Chomsky, 1973). A prominent\nexample of islands is that extraction out of a sentential\ncomplement introduced by factive and manner-of-speaking\nverbs (‘What did John know/whisper that Mary bought?’) is\nless acceptable than extraction from a clause introduced by\n“bridge” verbs (‘What did John say that Mary bought?’). We\naimed to replicate Ambridge and Goldberg (2008) who\nargued that extraction from a sentential complement is\nunacceptable in proportion to its discourse salience. We failed\nto replicate their results and found that there is no true island\neffect for such structures: instead there are separate, additive\npenalties based on two factors: (a) verb-frame frequency (cf.\nDabrowska, 2008), and (b) the presence of extraction. These\npenalties give rise to apparent island effects as a result of the\nnonlinear relationship between true acceptability and\nacceptability ratings as measured in Likert scales and forced-\nchoice tasks.",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "",
        "short_name": "",
        "text": null,
        "url": ""
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Sentence Processing; Frequency Effect;\nAcceptability of Sentences; Long-distance Dependencie"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Papers with Oral Presentations",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zb7m1zr",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Yingtong",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Liu",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Harvard University",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Rachel",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Ryskin",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Richard",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Futrell",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of California, Irvine",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Edward",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Gibson",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Boston University",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": null,
    "date_accepted": null,
    "date_published": "2019-01-01T18:00:00Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28540/galley/18411/download/"
        }
    ]
}