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{
    "pk": 28733,
    "title": "A Surprising Density of Illusionable Natural Speech",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Recent work on adversarial examples demonstrates a brittleness of many state-of-the-art machine learning systems. Weinvestigate one human analog, asking: What fraction of natural speech can be turned into illusions which alter humans per-ception or result in different people having significantly different perceptions? Using generated videos, we first empiricallyestimate that 17% of words occurring in natural speech have some susceptibility to the McGurk effect–the phenomenonby which adding a carefully chosen video clip to the audio channel affects the viewers perception of the message. We de-velop a bag-of-phonemes prediction model for word-level illusionability that we extend with natural language modeling tobuild a sentence-level framework. We train an instantiation using Amazon Mechanical Turk evaluations on sentence-levelillusions. Finally we generate several new instances of the Yanny/Laurel illusion, demonstrating that it is not an isolatedoccurrence. The surprising density of illusionable instances warrants further investigation from cognitive and securityperspectives.",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "",
        "short_name": "",
        "text": null,
        "url": ""
    },
    "keywords": [],
    "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1f32959f",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Melody",
            "middle_name": "Y.",
            "last_name": "Guan",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Stanford University",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Gregory",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Valiant",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Stanford University",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": null,
    "date_accepted": null,
    "date_published": "2019-01-01T18:00:00Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28733/galley/18604/download/"
        }
    ]
}