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{
    "pk": 30490,
    "title": "Reflexibility in Problem Solving: The Social Context of Expertise",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "What are the factors that cause a problem solver to become blocked?\nAnd what are the factors that allow a person to become unblocked?\nThese are the motivating questions for a set of studies we conducted\nof individual and joint problem solving. By constructing an isomorph\nof the classic \"water jar\" problems (Luchins, 1942) as a dynamic\ngraphic microworld, we were able to identify several factors involved\nin producing blocked states. By comparing the behavior of\nindividuals tackling the \"missionaries and cannibals\" problem to\npairs of people solving this problem, we have been able to identify\nways in which problem solvers operating in a social context are able\nto overcome problem solving blocks that are difficult for\nindividuals. These studies point to the importance of \"reflection\"\n(evaluation of problem solving results) for flexible problem\nsolving. These results may also account for the difficulty in showing\nlearning in \"discovery learning\" uses of computers, such as the use\nof Logo, since such uses also often do not encourage students to\nreflect on the outcome of their problem solving.",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "",
        "short_name": "",
        "text": null,
        "url": ""
    },
    "keywords": [],
    "section": "Presented Papers",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8fp4390j",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "James",
            "middle_name": "A.",
            "last_name": "Levin",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Illinois",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Margaret",
            "middle_name": "M.",
            "last_name": "Riel",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of California, San Diego",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Moshe",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Cohen",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Hebrew University of Jerusalem",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Michael",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Goeller",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of California, San Diego",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Naomi",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Miyake",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Aoyama Gakuin Woman's College",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": null,
    "date_accepted": null,
    "date_published": "1986-01-01T19:00:00+01:00",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30490/galley/20339/download/"
        }
    ]
}