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{
    "pk": 31778,
    "title": "Simulating Tilt Illusions with Lateral Inhibition and a Virtual Axis",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "When a vertical test stimulus is presented\nsimultaneously within a surrounding stimulus of\norientation 10-30° clockwise from vertical, the test\nstimulus appears slightly counter-clockwise from\nvertical. In contrast, when the surrounding stimulus\nis 60-80° clockwise from vertical, the test stimulus\nappears slightly clockwise from vertical. Lateral\ninhibition between orientation-selective neurons can\naccount for the former effect (repulsion), but not for\nthe latter effect (attraction). H o w e v e r , if an\northogonal \"virtual axis\" is also present and exerts its\no w n lateral inhibition, both effects can be accounted\nfor. A mathematical m o d e l demonstrates\nquantitatively h o w this m a y occur in the visual\nsystem. O n e simulation with narrowly tuned\norientation-selectivity functions produced tilt\nillusions of similar magnitude to that observed with\nh u m a n s at normal presentation durations. A\nsimulation with m o r e broadly tuned functions\nproduced tilt illusions of m u c h greater magnitude, as\nare found with h u m a n s at very short presentation\ndurations. Based on the model's performance, h u m a n\nperformance and neurophysiological data, it is\nsuggested that: 1) lateral inhibition m a y be the\nimmediate cause of both direct and indirect tilt\nillusions, and 2) the \"virtual axis\" m a y be a real\nneural mechanism and m a y be found in greater\nproportion in extrastriate cortex than in striate cortex.",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "",
        "short_name": "",
        "text": null,
        "url": ""
    },
    "keywords": [],
    "section": "Submitted Presentations",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9v519363",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Michael",
            "middle_name": "J.",
            "last_name": "Spivey-Knowlton",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of California. Los Angeles",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": null,
    "date_accepted": null,
    "date_published": "1993-01-01T18:00:00Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/31778/galley/22846/download/"
        }
    ]
}