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{
    "pk": 32128,
    "title": "Vertical Foreshortening Effect and the L Illusion",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Researchers have found that a perceptual error (an\noverestimation of the vertical line in comparison to the\nhorizontal) usually occurs with a range of about 1 1 - 1 5 % for\nan inverted letter T (IT) figure and about 3 - 9 % for a letter\nL(L) figure (Avery & Day, 1969; Brosvic & Cohen, 1988;\nCollani, 1985; Finger & Spelt, 1947; Kunnapas, 1955, 1957,\n1958; McBride, Risser, & Slotnick, 1987; Post & Chadeijian,\n1987; Ritter, 1917; Rivers, 1901; Schiffinan & T h o m p s o n ,\n1974; W u n d t , 1859, 1898). Although these two illusory\neffects are obviously different, they have been considered as\nthe same illusion, namely the vertical-horizontal illusion.\nKunnapas (1955) explicitly hypothesized that a part of the\nillusory effect of the IT figure is caused by the bisection\nillusion effect. In other words, the difference between those\ntwo figures' illusory effects can be explained by the fact that\nthe horizontal line in the IT is bisected by the vertical line.\nTherefore, to classify these two illusions as one type of\nillusion became logically acceptable and it has never been\nchallenged. According to the viewemess-thatness-thereness\n( V T T ) model (Hui, 1996), the L and the IT figures represent\ntwo different spatial relationships. Therefore, they are caused\nby different inferential contents as well as processes. T h e\npresent paper focuses on the L illusion. According to the\nV T T model, an L figure would evoke a two-dimensional\nobject representation, in which the vertical line represents its\nvertical dimension and the horizontal line represents its\nhorizontal dimension, and the two-dimensional object is\nfacing a self-assigned viewer. It resembles a situation, such\nas a wall which stands in the front of a viewer. Its left edge\nand the foot line correspond to the two lines of the L figure.\nThus, the L illusion might be caused by a vertical\nforeshortening effect. T o suppwrt this hypothesis, the present\nresearcher reinterpreted the empirical data from an experiment\ndone by Collani(1985). Then, three figures were designed and\nnamed as Trapezoid, Triangle, and Fence-like figures.\nAlthough each of these figures contains a vertical line (which\nbisects the horizontal line, just like in an IT figure), they most\nlikely evoke two-dimensional object representations, such as\na trapezoid, a triangle, and a fence. Therefore, a vertical\nforeshortening process would operate as well, producing about\n3 - 9 % of illusory effect as the L figiu-e. In other words, the\nfact that each of their horizontal lines w a s bisected would not\ncause their illusory effects as s a m e as the IT illusion (about\n11-15%). T h e results conftrmed die predictions.",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "",
        "short_name": "",
        "text": null,
        "url": ""
    },
    "keywords": [],
    "section": "Society Member Abstracts",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2d77c8t3",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Lumei",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Hui",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "SUNY Postdam",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": null,
    "date_accepted": null,
    "date_published": "1996-01-01T13:00:00-05:00",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/32128/galley/23193/download/"
        }
    ]
}