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{
    "pk": 35118,
    "title": "To be or not to be: On the Modern Tibetan auxiliary verb red in classical texts",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "In contrast to other Modern Tibetan auxiliaries, the linguistic history of the so-called ‘factual’ marker \nred\n cannot be traced. Two scholars have independently pointed to the occurrence of red in the 15th-century \nMi.la.ras.paḥi rnam.thar\n. In all likelihood, this occurrence is the result of an editorial intervention. However, this text reveals an interesting distribution of five different \nverba dicendi\n, ingeniously used by the author of the text, to help understanding who talks to whom. Another suggested occurrence of \nred\n in the \nPadma thaŋ.yig\n is the result of an unfortunate misreading. On the other hand, some editions of the \nGser.gyi phreŋ.ba\n do contain a single instance of \nred\n as a copula, which cannot be further analysed. The problematic status or \nred\n in all these texts demonstrates that in the reconstruction of the linguistic history of a language, the philological method cannot be set aside. Scribal errors or editorial interventions as well as unfortunate misreadings can only be detected when different editions are compared. In the appendix, I shall comment on the so far earliest use of ‘factual’ \nred\n in an 18th-century text, which is not widely known.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": null,
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Modern Tibetan ‘factual’ marker red, Mi.la.ras.paḥi rnam.thar"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Articles",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9wh8w6x6",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Bettina",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Zeisler",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Universität Tübingen\nAbt. für Indologie",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2021-02-17T03:32:35+01:00",
    "date_accepted": "2021-02-17T03:32:35+01:00",
    "date_published": "2022-12-31T09:00:00+01:00",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/himalayanlinguistics/article/35118/galley/26155/download/"
        }
    ]
}