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{
    "pk": 39586,
    "title": "Reality Check on a Purported Global Sand Shortage: Sensationalism Extrapolated from Isolated Occurrences to Global Phenomena",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Since 2013, there has been a proliferation of opinion pieces pertaining to a global shortage of sand.  Because of the current volume of such articles, the situation is taken as fact and industries like fiberglass insulation manufacturers are being criticized for exploiting the earth’s dwindling supply of sand.  Research has shown that these are sensationalized headlines (rather than actual scientific reporting) and they are proliferating because they benefit author of opinion and social media content.  The genesis of the popular sand shortage story can be traced to a 2013 documentary, \nSand Wars\n, and an unintentional foundational basis for the issue derived from a short discussion on international trading and island building in the book, \nSand, The Never-Ending Story\n.  Extensive research conducted for this article confirms that there is no general, worldwide shortage of sand; instead, there are only isolated shortages in some areas outside the US.  Most importantly, the sand that is the subject of the purported global sand shortage stories is not the same sand (industrial sand) that is used by the fiberglass industry.  Finally, that industry’s use of industrial sand has declined over time as it increases the use of recycled glass cullet as a sand substitute.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Global sand shortage"
        },
        {
            "word": "industrial sand"
        },
        {
            "word": "construction aggregate"
        },
        {
            "word": "fiberglass"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Articles",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09q940zn",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Mark",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Krumenacher",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "GZA GeoEnvironmental, Inc.",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2022-02-26T18:47:50+01:00",
    "date_accepted": "2022-02-26T18:47:50+01:00",
    "date_published": "2022-11-15T03:10:35+01:00",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39586/galley/29879/download/"
        }
    ]
}