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{
    "pk": 40,
    "title": "The that-trace effect and island boundary-gap effect are the same: Demonstrating equivalence with null hypothesis significance testing and psychometrics",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "This paper demonstrates a novel approach in experimental syntax, leveraging psychometric methods to resolve a decades-old puzzle.  Specifically, gaps in subject position are more acceptable than gaps in object position in non-islands, while the reverse is true in islands (the Island Boundary-Gap Effect).  Attempts at explaining this asymmetry generally attribute it to a violation of the same constraint that renders gaps unacceptable after the overt complementizer `that' (the That-Trace Effect).  However, the two effects involve distinct syntactic structures, and there is no a priori reason to believe they are the same beyond the elegance of a unified account.  One limitation has been the difficulty of testing for equivalence in the Null Hypothesis Significance Testing framework: when two constructs behave similarly, it generally constitutes an uninterpretable null result. Experiments 1 and 2 use standard experimental methods to circumvent this problem, but ultimately provide evidence that is at best just consistent with equivalence.  Experiment 3 demonstrates a novel approach which shows that individual differences in the That-Trace Effect correlate with individual differences in the Island Boundary-Gap Effect, after removing correlated variance from carefully-chosen controls.  This psychometric approach provides positive evidence that the two effects do indeed derive from the same underlying phenomenon.",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [],
    "section": "Regular Article",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1gp237sm",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Adam",
            "middle_name": "Milton",
            "last_name": "Morgan",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "NYU School of Medicine",
            "department": "Neurology"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2021-07-05T19:24:23.896000Z",
    "date_accepted": "2021-07-05T19:35:00.964000Z",
    "date_published": "2022-02-11T18:30:00Z",
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