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{
    "pk": 40627,
    "title": "Repetition, Variation, and the Idea of Art in Renaissance Italy",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "When Pietro Perugino completed his altarpiece for Santissima Annunziata in Florence in 1507, he was criticized by local artists for having simply repeated old motifs and compositional formulas. The moment has always been recognized as marking an important transition, the emergence of  an idea of art in which inventive originality plays an essential role. Yet the distinction between repetition and variation was contested and might even be creatively thematized in artistic practice. Raphael, especially evidently in his early Madonna pictures, developed an inventive technique involving maximally efficient variation – variation just sufficient to inflect meaning – that was appreciated as such by patrons and understood to be a “poetic” strategy, similar to the kinds of variations admired by Pietro Bembo in the poetry of Petrarch. Raphael’s approach helps to explain the “canonical” or “classical” quality admired even in his monumental narrative pictures.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [],
    "section": "Exemplification",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6075x227",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Robert",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Williams",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "UC Santa Barbara",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2015-09-02T22:35:56Z",
    "date_accepted": "2015-09-02T22:35:56Z",
    "date_published": "2016-12-15T18:10:37Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cisj/article/40627/galley/30502/download/"
        }
    ]
}