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{
    "pk": 41316,
    "title": "Evaluation of antibiotics against the bacteria, Candidatus Liberibacter for control of citrus Huanglongbing",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most serious diseases of citrus worldwide. The present study was undertaken to screen antibiotics against \nCandidatus \nLiberibacter asiaticus (Las) while simultaneously assessing phytotoxicity to citrus. Twenty-eight antibiotics from ten classes of medical-antibiotics and three agricultural-antibiotics were tested for\n in vivo\n activities against HLB bacterium using the previously optimized graft-based chemotherapy method (Zhang et al., 2012). First, samples for DNA extraction were taken at 4 months after inoculation; subsequent samplings were taken at 2 month intervals. The Las-infected plants were considered as Las positive by real-time qPCR with threshold cycle (Ct) values less than 32.0. The efficiency against the HLB bacterium of each compound was evaluated by Ct values in the inoculated plants (both scions and rootstocks), scion infected percentage and HLB bacterial transmission percentage. The phytotoxicity was determined by the survival and growth of scions treated by antibiotics. The results showed that beta-lactam antibiotics (Ampicillin, Pennicillin and Carbenicillin) were highly effective in eliminating the HLB bacteria, with undetectable Las titers in the inoculated plants by qPCR, and had no phytotoxicity to citrus, with more than 75% scion survival. Antibiotics sulfonamide and tetracycline suppressed the HLB bacterium with Ct values of 35.7 on average, less than 30% scion infection and 16.9% Las-transmission percentage. The effectiveness of some antibiotics, such as aminoglycoside and quinolone, depended on their absorptions and permeability throughout the citrus tree. Peptide antibiotics were not effective in eliminating or suppressing Las bacterium with less than 28.0 Ct values by qPCR and higher scion infection percentages and Las transmission rates. Three agric-antibiotics, Actidione, Validoxylamine A and Zhongsenmycin, were also effective in eliminating the HLB bacteria. Antibiotic combinations, such as beta-lactam and aminoglycoside, are suggested as future applications.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [],
    "section": "Abstracts of Presentations at the 3rd International Research Conference on Huanglongbing",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4xj6p6qd",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Muqing",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Zhang",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Indian River Research and Education Center, IFAS-UF, Fort Pierce, FL 34945,USA;\nUSDA-ARS, US Horticultural Lab, Fort Pierce, FL 34945,USA;\nState Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Univ.,Guangxi 530004, China",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Ying",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Guo",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Indian River Research and Education Center, IFAS-UF, Fort Pierce, FL 34945,USA",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Charles",
            "middle_name": "A.",
            "last_name": "Powell",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Indian River Research and Education Center, IFAS-UF, Fort Pierce, FL 34945,USA",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Yongping",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Duan",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "USDA-ARS, US Horticultural Lab, Fort Pierce, FL 34945,USA",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2014-12-17T14:39:55-08:00",
    "date_accepted": "2014-12-17T14:39:55-08:00",
    "date_published": "2013-12-31T16:00:00-08:00",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/iocv_journalcitruspathology/article/41316/galley/30915/download/"
        }
    ]
}