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{
    "pk": 41452,
    "title": "Update on ‘<em>Candidatus</em> Liberibacter asiaticus’ incidence in five districts of the Punjab province of Pakistan",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "<p>‘<em>Candidatus</em> Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas) is a devastating pathogen of citrus associated with Huanglongbing (HLB, citrus greening disease). HLB is economically significant in Asia and has destroyed millions of citrus trees worldwide during the last century. Since 2007, when the first molecular evidence for the presence of CLas in North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) were presented, there have been a limited number of studies reporting the pathogen in different citrus growing districts of the Punjab Province, one of the major citrus producing areas of the country. In this study, a small-scale survey was conducted in citrus groves exhibiting HLB-like symptoms in different districts of Punjab Province. The aim was to obtain current information on the incidence of CLas in the area and complement the previous studies. Conventional and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR and qPCR) assays were used for the detection of CLas in the 94 samples tested, followed by sequencing of the PCR amplicons. Overall CLas was detected in 43% (40/94) of the tested samples from Kinnow mandarin (n= 22), sweet orange (n= 12), grapefruit (n= 3) and Feutrell’s early mandarin (n= 3). In agreement with previous reports, this survey confirmed the presence of HLB in the Punjab Province of Pakistan and provided updated molecular evidence for the presence of CLas and disease incidence for four citrus cultivars from five citrus growing districts of the province.</p>",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "HLB"
        },
        {
            "word": "huanglongbing"
        },
        {
            "word": "citrus greening"
        },
        {
            "word": "survey"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Articles",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2z77w4d8",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Sagheer",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Atta",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan",
            "department": "",
            "country": "Pakistan"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Huawei",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Liu",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "John",
            "middle_name": "S",
            "last_name": "Hartung",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Muhammad Amjad",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Bashir",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, 32200, Pakistan",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Komal",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Tariq",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gujrat, Pakistan",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2020-12-23T04:34:37Z",
    "date_accepted": "2026-05-02T15:15:27.460406Z",
    "date_published": "2026-05-02T15:19:57.219119Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "2026-05-02-JCP template-Atta et al_Copyediting-Refs-GV",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/iocv_journalcitruspathology/article/41452/galley/49601/download/"
        }
    ]
}