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{
    "pk": 41456,
    "title": "Huanglongbing in Bangladesh: A Pilot Study for Disease Incidence, Pathogen Detection, and its Genetic Diversity",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening, is the most serious disease affecting citrus production in Asia, Africa, the Americas, and the Arabian Peninsula. HLB is associated with the α-Proteobacteria “\nCandidatus\nLiberibacter asiaticus” (\nC\nLas), “\nCa.\n L. africanus” (\nC\nLaf), and “\nCa.\n L. americanus” (\nC\nLam). The Bangladesh citrus industry comprises mandarins, sweet oranges, pummelos, limes, and lemons. In 2017-2018, a survey was conducted for two consecutive years in 18 sweet orange growing areas of Bangladesh, and the presence of \nC\nLas in these areas was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. HLB incidence and severity were assessed based on leaf symptoms. The results unveiled a widespread prevalence of HLB with incidence ranging between 0.08 and 56% and severity between 1.80 and 28.33. Information on the genetic diversity of \nC\nLas Bangladeshi isolates was obtained based on the presence or absence of Type 1 (SC1, NC_019549.1) and Type 2 (SC2, NC_019550.1) prophages. \nIn silico\n phylogenetic analyses based on Type 1 and Type 2 prophage sequences showed the presence of four and three clusters of \nC\nLas isolates, respectively. Combined phylogenetic analyses of Type 1 and Type 2 prophages indicated the existence of four clusters of \nC\nLas isolates. Bangladeshi \nC\nLas isolates were found to harbor multiple copies of prophages. The diversity analysis revealed different \nC\nLas isolates distributed to different citrus growing areas, indicating spread through propagated materials.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, Citrus, Survey, Severity"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Articles",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4r1145dk",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Mohammad",
            "middle_name": "Rashidul",
            "last_name": "Islam",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Mohammad",
            "middle_name": "Mahbubul",
            "last_name": "Haque",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Hafsa",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Khatun",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Jhutan",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Sarker",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Citrus Research Centre, Jaintapur, Sylhet, Bangladesh",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Yanjing",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Wang",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road-483, 510642, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Weizheng",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Ke",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Yijing",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Cen",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Irene",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Lavagi-Craddock",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, U.S.A.",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Xiaoling",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Deng",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2021-04-06T16:31:29Z",
    "date_accepted": "2021-04-06T16:31:29Z",
    "date_published": "2022-09-01T02:49:36Z",
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            "type": "pdf",
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}