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{
    "pk": 41710,
    "title": "A protocol for differentiating late Quaternary leporids in southern California with remarks on Project 23 lagomorphs at Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California, USA",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Leporid remains are common in Quaternary fossil assemblages and are useful paleoenvironmental indicators. Identifying leporid fossils to species is challenging, though previous work has shown that identifications are more feasible if fossils can be narrowed down to a subset of potential species occurring across limited spatial scales. We sampled 120 adult and nine juvenile dentaries of six extant western North American species (\nLepus americanus\n, \nL. californicus\n,\n L. townsendii\n, \nSylvilagus audubonii\n, \nS. bachmani\n, and \nS. nuttallii\n) to establish useful characters for genus and species-level identification of late Quaternary leporid fossils in California. Most individuals can be differentiated from individuals of other species using a combination of lower third premolar enamel folding patterns and dental measurements. However, it is difficult to discriminate dental elements among\n L. californicus\n and\n L. townsendii\n and elements of \nS. nuttallii\n from\n S. audubonii\n, \nS. bachmani\n, and \nL. americanus\n. Here we present criteria for differentiating western leporid dental remains, apply the criteria to identify specimens recovered from several late Quaternary fossil deposits at Rancho La Brea (RLB), California, collectively known as Project 23, and reconstruct changes in relative fossil leporid abundances there. Using our criteria, we identified two extant species, \nS. audubonii\n and \nS. bachmani\n, among the Project 23 fossils. In addition to relative abundance changes across several RLB deposits, \nS. audubonii\n and \nS. bachmani\n generally become larger through time, possibly in response to local environmental changes. Establishing region-specific identification criteria as done here may prove useful for discerning morphologically similar species at prehistoric sites elsewhere.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0",
        "text": "<p><!-- x-tinymce/html --></p>\n<p>Readers are free to:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Share</strong> — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format</li>\n<li><strong>Adapt</strong> — remix, transform, and build upon the material<br><br>The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Under the following terms:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Attribution</strong> — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.</li>\n<li><strong>NonCommercial</strong> — You may not use the material for commercial purposes .</li>\n<li><strong>ShareAlike</strong> — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.<br><br>No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Notices:</p>\n<p>You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.</p>\n<p>No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.</p>",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "fossil, Lepus, morphometrics, p3, Pleistocene, Sylvilagus"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Article",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9tr0d3wq",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Nathaniel",
            "middle_name": "S.",
            "last_name": "Fox",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Environmental Systems Graduate Group, 5200 North Lake Road, University of California,\nMerced, CA, USA 95343",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Gary",
            "middle_name": "T.",
            "last_name": "Takeuchi",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "The La Brea Tar Pits and Museum, 5801 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90036",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Aisling",
            "middle_name": "B.",
            "last_name": "Farrell",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "The La Brea Tar Pits and Museum, 5801 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90036",
            "department": "None"
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Jessica",
            "middle_name": "L.",
            "last_name": "Blois",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, 5200 North Lake Road, University of California, Merced, CA, USA 95343",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2019-12-14T05:56:09+01:00",
    "date_accepted": "2019-12-14T05:56:09+01:00",
    "date_published": "2019-12-13T09:00:00+01:00",
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            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucmp_paleobios/article/41710/galley/31201/download/"
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    ]
}