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{
    "pk": 43052,
    "title": "Losing LeninInst Internationalism in Claude McKay’s Lost Novel",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "Vladimir Lenin, leader of the Bolshevik movement, believed that a flourishing Black proletariat consciousness was the catalyst needed for a Communist revolution in the United States of America at the turn of the twentieth century. Thus, the Bolshevik egalitarian ideology of antiracism attracted Black Americans and anchored support for the global Communist agenda of Leninist Internationalism.\n \nAfter Lenin’s death in 1924, his protégé Joseph Stalin becomes the new leader of Soviet Russia and signs and sustains a strategic arms alliance with Italy. In his Harlem-set lost novel \nAmiable with Big Teeth\n (\nAWBT\n), Jamaican-American writer Claude McKay chronicles how this decision places Stalin at odds with the Black American allies of Leninist Internationalism.\n \nFascist dictator Benito Mussolini invades Ethiopia in 1935 and because Stalin remains committed to the Italo-Soviet Pact, the Black American community in \nAWBT\n views this commitment as an endorsement of the colonial suppression of Ethiopia’s Black sovereignty and thus a violation of Lenin’s antiracism ideology.\n \nWith the demise of Leninist Internationalism in the Stalin era, \nAWBT\n argues that the Pan-Africanist agenda of Black-led organizations is more adept at forging antiracist and antiimperialist transnational bonds. However, Blackness is not a monolith and McKay’s lost novel must soon confront the uncomfortable reality that even within Black-led organizations, ethnic differences can easily supersede racial allegiance.\n \nAWBT \nis ultimately a story about the arduous, and sometimes impossible, task of building an ideological identity across diverse national borders and racial groups.",
    "language": "en",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives  4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\n\nNoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Pan-Africanism in the Stalinist era"
        },
        {
            "word": "Black American Internationalism"
        },
        {
            "word": "Claude McKay"
        },
        {
            "word": "Amiable with Big Teeth"
        },
        {
            "word": "Transnational American Studies"
        },
        {
            "word": "internationalism"
        },
        {
            "word": "Communism"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Articles",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/84b477p7",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Nahum",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Welang",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of Stavanger",
            "department": "None"
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2021-01-25T17:41:32Z",
    "date_accepted": "2021-01-25T17:41:32Z",
    "date_published": "2023-05-28T07:00:00Z",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jtas/article/43052/galley/32085/download/"
        }
    ]
}