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{
    "pk": 45388,
    "title": "A little known past tense marker of the northern Changthang dialects of Ladakh",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "<p>This article describes the various usages of a little known past tense morpheme of the northern part of the Ladakhi Changthang: /-pak/, /-phak/, or {-puk} (&lt; pa.-ḥdug). To some extent, the functions of this morpheme correspond to the so-called ‘evidentially neutral’ or ‘factual’ marker pa.red of Standard Spoken Tibetan. However, the morpheme in question cannot be described as being ‘evidentially’ or ‘epistemically’ neutral. </p>",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [
        {
            "word": "Ladakhi dialects"
        },
        {
            "word": "evidential-epistemic marking"
        }
    ],
    "section": "Articles",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/31d744wj",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Bettina",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Zeisler",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "Other",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2025-02-28T08:24:17.726000-08:00",
    "date_accepted": "2025-07-13T18:35:15.961000-07:00",
    "date_published": "2025-08-24T13:43:00-07:00",
    "render_galley": null,
    "galleys": [
        {
            "label": "PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/himalayanlinguistics/article/45388/galley/38794/download/"
        }
    ]
}