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{
    "pk": 46577,
    "title": "An Organized Approach to Using Large Language Models for Medical Information",
    "subtitle": null,
    "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>ChatGPT and other large language models (LLM) have increased in popularity. Despite the rapid rise in the implementation of such technologies, frameworks for implementing appropriate prompting techniques in medical applications are limited. In this paper we establish the nomenclature of “variable” and “clause” in the prompting of a LLM, while providing example interviews that outline the utility of such an approach in medical applications. </p>\n<p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study assessing the LLM ChatGPT-4, we define terms used in prompting procedures including “input prompt,” “variable,” “demographic variable and clause,” “independent variable and clause,” “dependent variable and clause,” “generative clause,” and “output.” This methodology was implemented with three sample patient cases from both a patient and physician perspective.</p>\n<p><strong>Results:</strong> As demonstrated in our three cases, precise combinations of variables and clauses that consider the patient’s age, gender, weight, height, and education level can yield unique outputs. The software can do so quickly and in a personalized, patient-specific manner. Our findings demonstrate that LLMs can be used to generate comprehensive sets of educational material to augment current limitations, with the potential of improving healthcare outcomes as the use of LLM is further explored.</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The framework we describe represents a unique attempt to standardize a methodology for medical inputs into a large language model. Doing so expands the potential for outlining patient-specific information that can be implemented in a query by either a patient or a physician. Most notably, future projects should consider the specialty- and presentation-specific input changes that may yield the best outputs for the desired goals.</p>",
    "language": "eng",
    "license": {
        "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0",
        "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
        "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
        "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"
    },
    "keywords": [],
    "section": "Technology in Emergency Medicine",
    "is_remote": true,
    "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rc1448z",
    "frozenauthors": [
        {
            "first_name": "Saman",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Andalib",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Aidin",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Spina",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Faris",
            "middle_name": "F.",
            "last_name": "Halaseh",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Anagha",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Thiagarajan",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Rishi",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Vermani",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Jason",
            "middle_name": "",
            "last_name": "Liang",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California",
            "department": ""
        },
        {
            "first_name": "Warren",
            "middle_name": "F.",
            "last_name": "Wiechmann",
            "name_suffix": "",
            "institution": "University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California",
            "department": ""
        }
    ],
    "date_submitted": "2025-03-06T00:23:39.209000+02:00",
    "date_accepted": "2025-09-25T02:27:10.856000+03:00",
    "date_published": "2025-12-20T13:18:00+02:00",
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            "label": "PDF",
            "type": "pdf",
            "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/46577/galley/47923/download/"
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}